RESUMEN
Early leaf spot (ELS) is one of the major biotic constraints of groundnut production in West and Central Africa. A study using 6 × 6 F2 full diallel populations from six parents (NAMA, B188, PC79-79, QH243C, TS32-1, and CN94C) was conducted to assess the mode of inheritance of ELS resistance traits. The F2 and parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data was collected on ELS disease severity, and an area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was estimated. The results revealed that additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in the inheritance of the ELS resistance traits, but additive gene action was predominant. Significant reciprocal cross effect was observed, suggesting cytoplasmic effect on ELS resistance. Graphical analysis also revealed the predominance of additive gene action for ELS resistance. The results suggest that early generation selection should be effective for ELS resistance. Looking at the distribution of array points along with the regression line, parental lines NAMA, PC79-79, and B188 would be suitable as good donors in an ELS disease resistance breeding program.
RESUMEN
AIM: To study spontaneous reporting of adverse effects of antimalarial drugs sent to pharmacovigilance national center. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore spontaneous reporting of adverse effects of antimalarial drugs sent to pharmacovigilance center from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013. RESULTS: In total 104 spontaneous reporting forms regarding antimalarial drugs were analysed. The sex ratiowas (male/female) 0,8. The majority of patients were aged over 13 years (66,3%). Self-medication and use of concomitant drug (>2) were observed in 22,1% and 46,2% of cases respectively. The artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) were used in 77,8%. Several categories of adverse effects were observed among which skin and annexes disorders(34,6%), disorders of general health conditions, (29,8%), central nervous system disorders(29,8%), gastro-enterological disorders (23,0%). The most part of adverse effects was mild (67,3%).The adverse effects regarding central nervous (p=0,009)and gastro-enterological (p=0,0009) systems were significantly associated to the ACT use compared with use of other antimalarial drugs. CONCLUSION: These results show the importance to implement active surveillance of ACTs to have a safety profile in our real conditions of use.
BUT: Analyser les notifications spontanées des effets indésirables des antipaludiques transmises au centre national de pharmacovigilance. MÉTHODE: Il s'est agid'une étude transversale à visée exploratoire des notifications spontanées comportant un antipaludique, reçues au centre national de vigilance des produits de santé, du 1er janvier 2009 au 31 décembre 2013. RÉSULTATS: Au total, 104 fiches de notification ont été étudiées. Le sexe ratio hommes/femmes était égal à 0,8 et les patients de plus de 13 ans représentaient 66,3%. Les effets indésirables survenaient dans des circonstances d'automédication, de traitement concomitant de plus de deux médicaments dans 22,1% et 46,2% des cas respectivement. Les combinaisons thérapeutiques à base d'artémisinine (CTA) représentaient 77,8% des cas. Plusieurs types d'effets indésirables ont été observés, parmi lesquels les atteintes de la peau et ses annexes (34,6%), les troubles de l'état (29,8%),les troubles du système nerveux (29,8%), les troubles gastroentérologiques (23,0%). Les effets indésirables étaient le plus souvent modérés (67,3%). Ceux se rapportant au système nerveux (p=0,009) et à l'appareil gastroentérologique(p=0,0009) étaient associés significativement à l'utilisation d'une CTA. CONCLUSION: Ces résultats montrent la nécessité d'une surveillance plus intense des CTA pour mieux décrire leur profil de tolérance dans nos conditions réelles d'utilisation.
RESUMEN
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed and food crop of the world. Breeding for disease resistance is one of major objectives in groundnut breeding. Early leaf spot (ELS) is one of the major destructive diseases worldwide and in West Africa, particularly in Burkina Faso causing significant yield losses. Conventional breeding approaches have been employed to develop improved varieties resistant to ELS. Molecular dissection of resistance traits using QTL analysis can improve the efficiency of resistance breeding. In the present study, an ELS susceptible genotype QH243C and an ELS resistant genotype NAMA were crossed and the F2 population genotypic and F3 progenies phenotypic data were used for marker-trait association analysis. Parents were surveyed with 179 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers out of which 103 SSR markers were found to be polymorphic between the parents. These polymorphic markers were utilized to genotype the F2 population followed by marker-trait analysis through single marker analysis (SMA) and selective genotyping of the population using 23 resistant and 23 susceptible genotypes. The SMA revealed 13 markers while the selective genotyping method identified 8 markers associated with ELS resistance. Four markers (GM1911, GM1883, GM1000 and Seq13E09) were found common between the two trait mapping methods. These four markers could be employed in genomics-assisted breeding for selection of ELS resistant genotypes in groundnut breeding.