Impact of catheterized ductal closure on renal and cerebral oximetry in premature neonates.

Percutaneous catheter-based closure is increasingly utilized in premature newborns. While near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been examined for assessment of interventional closure in surgical ligation, its application in percutaneous transcatheter closure remains unexplored. This study aims to assess cerebral and renal hemodynamic changes using NIRS during percutaneous closure compared to surgical closure in preterm infants. A prospective observational study enrolled preterm infants born at 32 weeks of gestation or less and diagnosed with hsPDA between January 2020 and December 2022. These infants received either surgical or catheter-based closure of the PDA. Cerebral and renal oxygen saturation was monitored using the INVOS 5100 device from 12 h before the intervention until 24 h after. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze time-dependent variables. Twenty-two patients were enrolled, with catheter-based closure performed in 16 cases and conventional surgery in 6 cases. Following ductal closure, a significant increase in renal and cerebral oximetry was observed alongside a decrease in renal and cerebral tissue oxygen extraction. These changes were particularly pronounced in the renal territory. No differences were detected between catheterization and surgical closure.   Conclusion: An improvement in cerebral and renal oximetry following hsPDA closure was observed. However, we did not identify differences in this pattern based on the type of interventional procedure for PDA, whether surgery or catheterization. What is Known: • The presence of a significant ductus is common in premature patients. Studies have shown that it affects cerebral and renal hemodynamics negatively, leading to decreased oximetry values in these areas. It has been reported that closure of the ductus, either pharmacologically or surgically, results in improved oximetry values. What is New: • This study assess the impact of percutaneous closure of ductus, revealing increased oximetry values in cerebral and renal territories without significant differences compared to surgical ligation. Notably, renal oximetry values showed a greater increase, underscoring the importance of multi-location monitoring.

Multicenter Experience for Early and Mid-Term Outcome of MyVal Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation.

Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation (TPVI) is a surgical alternative for correcting dysfunctional right ventricular outflow tract in previously operated patients. MyVal transcatheter heart valve (THV) (Meril Life Sciences, India), a new transcatheter valve designed for aortic position has recently been reported to be implanted in pulmonary position. Myval transcatheter valve were implanted in patients with stenosed dysfunctional conduits, severe regurgitation from transannular patch or dysfunctional surgical pulmonary valves (Bioprosthesis). Procedural details and post-TPVI follow-up were analysed. Myval TPVI was used in Fifty three patients with median age of 15 years (IQR 12-19.5 years). Almost sixty percent of the patients were male, with a median weight of 50 kg (31-63 kg). Prestenting was used in more than 80 percent of patients (n = 45 patients), while 6 patients had a prior surgical valve implantation. After Myval TPVI implantation, the peak instantaneous gradient across the RVOT decreased from a median of 23.5 mmHg (IQR 10-53 mmHg) pre-procedure to 10 mmHg (IQR 5-16 mmHg) post-procedure. The median fluoroscopy time for the procedure was 35 min (IQR 23.5-44 min). The large sizes-mainly the 29-mm and 32 mm Myval (Navigator, Meril Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, India), were the most used size in 40% (n = 22) of the cases each. The median contrast volume used during the procedure was 247 mL (IQR 120-300 mL). Patients were followed for a median period of 360 days (IQR 164-525 days). At the last clinic follow-up, there was no tricuspid valve regurgitation. Moderate neo-pulmonary valve regurgitation was reported in three cases. Early experience of TPVI with MyVal is encouraging with procedural success in all patients and acceptable mid-term outcomes.

Surgical Management of Vascular Stents in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: Clues for a Staged Partnership.

Complex cases undergo step surgical and percutaneous procedures, including stent deployment. Concerns arise on stent removal at latest surgery. Our initial experience is presented. Forty-six stents in 35 patients were partially or totally removed at surgery. Univentricular heart was diagnosed in 20 patients. Stents were previously deployed in: ductus (6), right ventricle outflow tract (12), atrial septal defect (4), right pulmonary artery (4), left pulmonary artery (16), inferior vena cava (2), superior vena cava (1) and ascending aorta (1). Surgical procedures performed: 9 transplants, 6 Fontan, 4 Glenn, 1 comprehensive repair (Norwood + Glenn), 1 Glenn takedown, 8 conduit replacement, 2 Fallot, 2 Rastelli, 1 ventricular septal defect closure and 1 iatrogenic aortopulmonary window. Five ductal stents were clipped. Eleven stents in right ventricle, four ones in atrial septal defect, two in right pulmonary artery, seven in the left pulmonary artery and two in inferior vena cava were completely removed. Two stents in right pulmonary artery, one in superior vena cava, one in ascending aorta and nine in the left pulmonary artery were partially retrieved. Handling the stents in ductus, right ventricle and atrial septal defect was straightforward. On the contrary, stent removal in the ductus (comprehensive case), pulmonary branches, both vena cavae or aorta required short periods of deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest. Surgery over stents is increasing in complex, step procedures. Univentricular hearts are most prevalent. Congenital transplant surgery faces new challenges. Stent removal at the time of surgery may require deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Hybrid Procedures. Opening Doors for Surgeon and Cardiologist Close Collaboration.

Background: Collaboration between cardiac surgeons and cardiologists can offer interventions that each specialist may not be able to offer on their own. This type of collaboration has been demonstrated with the hybrid Stage I in patients with hypoplastic heart syndrome. Since that time, a hybrid approach to cardiac interventions has been expanded to an incredible variety of potential indications. Methods: Seventy-one patients were scheduled for a hybrid procedure along 8 years. This was defined as close collaboration between surgeon and cardiologist working together in the same room, either cath-lab (27 patients) or theater (44 patients). Results: Six groups were arbitrarily defined. A: vascular cut-down in the cath-lab (27 neonates); B: bilateral banding (plus ductal stent) in hypoplastic left heart syndrome or alike (15 children); C: perventricular closure of muscular ventricular septal defect (10 cases); D: balloon/stenting of pulmonary branches along with major surgical procedure (12 kids); E: surgical implantation of Melody valve (six patients) and others (F, one case). Two complications were recorded: left ventricular free wall puncture and previous conduit tearing. Both drawbacks were successfully sort out under cardiopulmonary by-pass. Conclusion: Surgeon and cardiologist partnership can succeed where their isolated endeavors are not enough. Hybrid procedures keep on spreading, overcoming initial expectations. As a bridge to biventricular repair or transplant, bilateral banding plus ductal stent sounds interesting. Novel indications can be classified into different groups. Hybrid procedures are not complication-free.

Pediatrics Spanish Registry of Percutaneous Melody Pulmonary Valve Implantation in Patients Younger Than 18 Years.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: A decade has passed since the first Spanish percutaneous pulmonary Melody valve implant (PPVI) in March 2007. Our objective was to analyze its results in terms of valvular function and possible mid-term follow-up complications. METHODS: Spanish retrospective descriptive multicenter analysis of Melody PPVI in patients < 18 years from the first implant in March 2007 until January 1, 2016. RESULTS: Nine centers were recruited with a total of 81 PPVI in 77 pediatric patients, whose median age and weight were 13.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 9.9-15.4) and 46kg (IQR, 27-63). The predominant cardiac malformation was tetralogy of Fallot (n = 27). Most of the valves were implanted on conduits, especially bovine xenografts (n = 31). The incidence of intraprocedure and acute complications was 6% and 8%, respectively (there were no periprocedural deaths). The median follow-up time was 2.4 years (IQR, 1.1-4.9). Infective endocarditis (IE) was diagnosed in 4 patients (5.6%), of which 3 required surgical valve explant. During follow-up, the EI-related mortality rate was 1.3%. At 5 years of follow-up, 80% ± 6.9% and 83% ± 6.1% of the patients were free from reintervention and pulmonary valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Melody PPVI was safe and effective in pediatric patients with good short- and mid-term follow-up hemodynamic results. The incidence of IE during follow-up was relatively low but was still the main complication.

Acquired Aseptic Intracardiac Shunts Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, mechanisms, features, and management of aseptic intracardiac shunts (AICS). BACKGROUND: AICS following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are an uncommon and barely described complication. METHODS: A systematic review was performed of all published cases of AICS following TAVR, and the incidence, predictors, main features, management, and related outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 31 post-TAVR AICS were gathered. After excluding transapical fistulas, the 28 remaining cases corresponded with an incidence of about 0.5%. Mean age and mean logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score were 80 ± 11 years and 19.2 ± 8.3%, respectively. Prior radiation therapy for cancer was present in 14.3%, and 42.8% had severe calcification of the aortic valve. TAVR was undertaken using balloon-expandable prostheses in the majority of cases (85.7%), via the transapical approach in one-third. Median time from TAVR to diagnosis was 21 days (interquartile range: 7 to 30 days), with intraprocedural suspicion in 12 cases (42.9%) and a mean Qp/Qs ratio of 1.8 ± 0.6. The most common location for AICS was the interventricular septum (60.7%). Heart failure was frequent (46.4%), but 14 patients (50%) remained asymptomatic. Medical treatment (71.4%) was associated with poor outcomes (30-day mortality rate 25%), especially in symptomatic patients (35% vs. 0%; p = 0.020) and in those with higher Qp/Qs ratios (1.9 ± 0.6 vs. 1.4 ± 0.1), while cardiac surgery (3.6%), and percutaneous closure (25%) led to good outcomes after a median follow-up period of 3 months (interquartile range: 1 to 9 months). CONCLUSIONS: Post-TAVR AICS are uncommon but have high 30-day mortality if left untreated, especially in symptomatic patients. Percutaneous closure was feasible and safe in symptomatic patients but remains controversial in asymptomatic subjects.

Update on heart failure, heart transplant, congenital heart disease, and clinical cardiology.

In the year 2012, 3 scientific sections-heart failure and transplant, congenital heart disease, and clinical cardiology-are presented together in the same article. The most relevant development in the area of heart failure and transplantation is the 2012 publication of the European guidelines for heart failure. These describe new possibilities for some drugs (eplerenone and ivabradine); expand the criteria for resynchronization, ventricular assist, and peritoneal dialysis; and cover possibilities of percutaneous repair of the mitral valve (MitraClip(®)). The survival of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in congenital heart diseases has improved significantly. Instructions for percutaneous techniques and devices have been revised and modified for the treatment of atrial septal defects, ostium secundum, and ventricular septal defects. Hybrid procedures for addressing structural congenital heart defects have become more widespread. In the area of clinical cardiology studies have demonstrated that percutaneous prosthesis implantation has lower mortality than surgical implantation. Use of the CHA2DS2-VASc criteria and of new anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) is also recommended. In addition, the development of new sequencing techniques has enabled the analysis of multiple genes.

Registro español de implante percutáneo de la válvula pulmonar Melody en menores de 18 años / Pediatrics Spanish Registry of percutaneous melody pulmonary valve implantation in patients younger than 18 years

Introducción y objetivos. Pasada 1 década desde el primer implante percutáneo de la válvula pulmonar (IPVP) Melody en España, se exponen sus resultados en cuanto a la función valvular y las complicaciones a corto y medio plazo. Métodos. Análisis descriptivo retrospectivo y multicéntrico nacional de los IPVP Melody en pacientes menores de 18 años desde el primer implante (de marzo de 2007 hasta el 1 de enero de 2016). Resultados. Se reclutaron 9 hospitales que contaban un total de 81 IPVP en 77 pacientes, cuyas medianas [intervalo intercuartílico] de edad y peso eran 13,3 [9,9-15,4] años y 46 [27-63] kg respectivamente. La enfermedad cardiaca más frecuente fue la tetralogía de Fallot (n = 27) y el sustrato anatómico más común, el conducto valvulado de yugular bovina (n = 31). Las incidencias de complicaciones intraprocedimiento y agudas fueron del 6 y el 8% (no hubo muertes periprocedimiento). La mediana del tiempo de seguimiento fue 2,4 [1,1-4,9] años. Se diagnosticó endocarditis infecciosa (EI) a 4 pacientes (5,6%), de los que 3 precisaron el explante de la válvula. En el periodo de seguimiento, la mortalidad fue del 1,3%, relacionada con EI. A los 5 años de seguimiento, el 80 ± 6,9% y el 83 ± 6,1% de los pacientes estuvieron libres de reintervención y recambio valvular pulmonar respectivamente. Conclusiones. El IPVP en pacientes pediátricos es una opción válida con buenos resultados hemodinámicos a corto y medio plazo. La incidencia de EI durante el seguimiento fue relativamente baja, si bien es la principal complicación que tener en cuenta (AU)

Introduction and objectives. A decade has passed since the first Spanish percutaneous pulmonary Melody valve implant (PPVI) in March 2007. Our objective was to analyze its results in terms of valvular function and possible mid-term follow-up complications. Methods. Spanish retrospective descriptive multicenter analysis of Melody PPVI in patients < 18 years from the first implant in March 2007 until January 1, 2016. Results. Nine centers were recruited with a total of 81 PPVI in 77 pediatric patients, whose median age and weight were 13.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 9.9-15.4) and 46 kg (IQR, 27-63). The predominant cardiac malformation was tetralogy of Fallot (n = 27). Most of the valves were implanted on conduits, especially bovine xenografts (n = 31). The incidence of intraprocedure and acute complications was 6% and 8%, respectively (there were no periprocedural deaths). The median follow-up time was 2.4 years (IQR, 1.1-4.9). Infective endocarditis (IE) was diagnosed in 4 patients (5.6%), of which 3 required surgical valve explant. During follow-up, the EI-related mortality rate was 1.3%. At 5 years of follow-up, 80% ± 6.9% and 83% ± 6.1% of the patients were free from reintervention and pulmonary valve replacement. Conclusions. Melody PPVI was safe and effective in pediatric patients with good short- and mid-term follow-up hemodynamic results. The incidence of IE during follow-up was relatively low but was still the main complication (AU)

Coartación del quinto arco aórtico persistente con interrupción del cuarto arco: primer caso pediátrico tratado con stent / Coarctation of persistent fifth aortic arch with interrupted fourth arch: first pediatric report of stent intervention

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Cirugía sobre stents. Nuevos retos en cardiopatías congénitas / Surgery in patients with stents. New challenges in congenital heart disease

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Actualización en insuficiencia cardiaca, trasplante cardiaco, cardiopatías congénitas y cardiología clínica / Update on heart failure, heart transplant, congenital heart disease, and clinical cardiology

En el año 2012 se presentan, por primera vez de forma conjunta y agrupadas en la misma área de conocimiento, las novedades de tres secciones científicas: insuficiencia cardiaca y trasplante, cardiopatías congénitas y cardiología clínica. Las novedades más relevantes en el área de insuficiencia cardiaca y trasplante están en la publicación de las guías europeas de insuficiencia cardiaca de 2012. En ellas, se considera las nuevas posibilidades de algunos fármacos (eplerenona e ivabradina), la ampliación de los criterios de resincronización y de utilización de la asistencia ventricular, la diálisis peritoneal y las nuevas posibilidades de reparación percutánea de la válvula mitral (MitraClip®). En las cardiopatías congénitas se ha mejorado de manera significativa la supervivencia de los niños con síndrome del corazón izquierdo hipoplásico. Se han revisado indicaciones y se han modificado las técnicas percutáneas y los dispositivos para el tratamiento de la comunicación interauricular ostium secundum y los defectos septales ventriculares. Cada vez son más frecuentes los procedimientos híbridos en el abordaje de defectos cardiacos estructurales congénitos. En el área de cardiología clínica, hay estudios en que la implantación percutánea de prótesis obtendría menor mortalidad que la implantación quirúrgica. También se recomiendan los criterios CHA2DS2-VASc y utilizar los nuevos anticoagulantes orales. Por otro lado, se están desarrollando nuevas técnicas de secuenciación que permiten el análisis de multitud de genes (AU)

In the year 2012, 3 scientific sections—heart failure and transplant, congenital heart disease, and clinical cardiology—are presented together in the same article. The most relevant development in the area of heart failure and transplantation is the 2012 publication of the European guidelines for heart failure. These describe new possibilities for some drugs (eplerenone and ivabradine); expand the criteria for resynchronization, ventricular assist, and peritoneal dialysis; and cover possibilities of percutaneous repair of the mitral valve (MitraClip®). The survival of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome in congenital heart diseases has improved significantly. Instructions for percutaneous techniques and devices have been revised and modified for the treatment of atrial septal defects, ostium secundum, and ventricular septal defects. Hybrid procedures for addressing structural congenital heart defects have become more widespread. In the area of clinical cardiology studies have demonstrated that percutaneous prosthesis implantation has lower mortality than surgical implantation. Use of the CHA2DS2-VASc criteria and of new anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) is also recommended. In addition, the development of new sequencing techniques has enabled the analysis of multiple genes (AU)