Progress on fluorescent RNA and fluorescent NA-based biosensing technology.

Fluorescent RNA is a kind of emerging RNA labeling technique that can be used for in situ labeling and imaging of RNA in live cells, which plays an important role in understanding the function and regulation mechanism of RNA. Biosensing technology based on fluorescent RNA can be applied in dynamic detection of small molecule metabolites and proteins in real time, offering valuable tools for basic life science research and biomedical sensing technology development. In this review, we introduce the development of genetically encoded fluorescent RNA, and the application of fluorescent RNA in RNA imaging and biosensing technology based on fluorescent RNA in biosensing in live cell. Meanwhile, we discuss the direction and challenge of future development of fluorescent RNA technology to provide valuable insights for further development and application of this technology in relevant fields.

Identification Of Putative Gene Signatures Associated With Diagnosis And Prognosis Of Breast Cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomakers for the development of breast cancer (BC). Methods: GSE86374 dataset containing 159 samples was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database followed by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification and cluster analysis. Corresponding functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to identify hub genes. Prognostic evaluation using clinical information obtained from TCGA database and hub genes was conducted to screen for crucial indicators for BC progression. The risk model was established and validated. Results: In total, 186 DEGs were identified and grouped into four clusters: 96 in cluster 1; 69 in cluster 2; 16 in cluster 3; and 5 in cluster 4. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs, including ADH1B in cluster 1, were dramatically enriched in the tyrosine and drug metabolism pathways, while genes in cluster 2, including SPP1 and RRM2, played crucial roles in PI3K-Akt and p53 signalling pathway. SPP1 and RRM2 served as hub genes in the PPI network, resulting in an support vector machine classifier with good accuracy and specificity.Ad ditionally, the results of prognostic analysis suggest that age, metastasis stage, SPP1 and ADH1B were correlated with risk of BC, which was validated by using the established risk model analysis. Conclusion: SPP1, RRM2 and ADH1B appear to play vital roles in the development of BC. Age and TNM stage were also preferentially associated with risk of developing BC. Evaluation of the risk model based on larger sample size and further experimental validation are required.

Effects of glyphosate on immune responses and haemocyte DNA damage of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis.

As a broad-spectrum organophosphorus herbicide, glyphosate is widely utilized around the world. The toxic effects of glyphosate on Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, were assessed using immunotoxicity and genotoxicity biomarkers in this study. The results showed that 24 h and 96 h LC50 values of glyphosate for E. sinensis were estimated as 461.54 and 97.89 mg/L, respectively, and the safe concentration was 4.4 mg/L. According to the results above, glyphosate was applied at concentrations of 0, 4.4, 9.8, 44 and 98 mg/L, for 96 h in the exposure experiment. Total haemocyte count (THC) and percentage of granulocytes decreased significantly following 6 h exposure to each concentration of glyphosate and tended to gradually stabilize after 12 h except in 4.4 mg/L, which rapidly recovered to a normal level in 12 h. Phagocytic activity in all treatments decreased dramatically at 6 h and maintained stability until the 96-h mark. Comet tail has been observed early at 24 h in each treatment, and the comet ratio and percentage of DNA (% DNA) in the tail increased as the exposure experiment progressed. Immune-related enzyme activity varied during the experiment. Acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities in 44 and 98 mg/L treatments decreased significantly after 48 h exposure, while AKP activities in all concentrations increased markedly at the beginning of exposure. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities increased significantly after 6 h exposure to 44 and 98 mg/L of glyphosates but decreased at 24 h. In addition, the ß-glucuronidase (ß-GD) activities in the 9.8, 44 and 98 mg/L groups, increased after 6-h exposure and were significantly higher than those in the control at 96 h. These results indicated that glyphosate has evident toxic effect on E. sinensis by immune inhibition that is possibly due to the haemocyte DNA damage and a sharp decline in haemocyte numbers, which subsequently induced changes in activities of immune-related enzymes and haemocyte phagocytosis.

Molecular dynamics investigations of an indicator displacement assay mechanism in a liquid crystal sensor.

A recently reported liquid-crystal sensor system based on the substrate competitive inclusion effects of ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) has been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations in this work. In such a system, the released indicator could induce an orientational transition of liquid-crystals from planar to homeotropic. The analyte molecule can thus be easily and efficiently detected by observing the corresponding optical image changing from bright to dark. Here, the different binding affinity of ß-CD for the indicator (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and the analyte (methylene blue, MB) was identified using molecular dynamics simulations and absolute binding free energy calculations. The inclusion processes calculated using the adaptive biasing force algorithm can completely explain the competitive inclusion between MB and SDS by ß-CD, and thus lead to a significant change in the liquid crystal optical properties.

[Pharmacodynamic mechanism of modified Ganlu Yaoyu San intreatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on MAPK signaling pathway].

According to the findings, modified Ganlu Yaoyu San has a good anti-inflammatory activity, and can significantly alleviate the degree of arthritis. Its therapeutic effect for rheumatoid arthritis may be related to the regulation of MAPK pathway of synovial cells. In the study, the rat adjuvant arthritis(AA) model was established to further investigate the pharmacodynamic mechanism for regulating MAPK pathway of synovial cells. Enzyme-linked immune assay was used to determine the serum TNF-α level of AA rats administered with drug for two weeks, synovial tissue protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38 content were determined by immunohistochemistry, synovial tissue JNK1, ERK1, p38 gene(mRNA) expression were detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR) method. According to the results, after administration for two weeks, the levels of serum TNF-α of AA rat was significantly decreased(P<0.05). After administration for four weeks, the protein expressions of p38 and ERK1/2 in synovial tissue were reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01), the gene expressions of JNK1, p38 and ERK1 in knee joint synovial tissue were reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In conclusion, modified Ganlu Yaoyu San can effectively treat rheumatoid arthritis. Its mechanism might be related to the reduction of TNF-α levels in serum, protein expression of p38 and ERK1/2 in synovial tissue, and JNK1, p38 and ERK1 gene expressions, and regulation of MAPK pathway.

[Medication rules for prescriptions containing Pterocephali Herba based on data mining].

This study was aimed to discuss and analyze the medication rules for prescriptions containing Pterocephali Herba in Chinese Medical Encyclopedia - Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Medicine Prescription Modern Research and Clinical Application, and Interpretation of Common Tibetan Medicines based on the collection of Pterocephali Herba and by using the "Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support system(V2.0.1)",with the use of association rules, apriori algorithm and other data mining methods. The frequency of single drug, the frequency of drug combination, the association rule and the combination of core drugs were analyzed. Through collection of the prescriptions, a total of 215 prescriptions were included, involving a total of 376 herbs. Through the "frequency statistics", the prescriptions containing Pterocephali Herba were commonly used to treat cold fever, distemper virus and arthritis. The highest frequently (frequency≥15) used drugs were Corydalis Herba, Lagotidis Herba, and Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, et al. The most frequently used drug combinations were "Pterocephali Herba, Corydalis Herba","Pterocephali Herba, Lagotidis Herba", and "Pterocephali Herba, Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix" et al. The prescriptions containing Pterocephali Herba were used to primarily treat disease for Tourette syndrome caused by the dampness heat toxin, fever, arthritis etc, such as pestilent toxicity, pneumonia and influenza, rheumatoid arthritis etc. The drugs in the prescriptions mostly had the effects of heat-clearing and detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, dispelling wind and dampness, often in compatible use with heat-clearing drugs. The drug use was concentrated and reflected the clear thought of prescription statutes.

Effectiveness of additional follow-up telephone counseling in a smoking cessation clinic in Beijing and predictors of quitting among Chinese male smokers.

BACKGROUND: No previous studies have investigated whether additional telephone follow-up counseling sessions after face-to-face counseling can increase quitting in China, and whether this strategy is feasible and effective for promoting smoking cessation is still unclear. METHODS: A non-randomized controlled study was conducted in Beijing. We compared the quit rates of one group which received face-to-face counseling (FC) alone (one session of 40 min) to another group which received the same face-to-face counseling plus four follow-up sessions of brief telephone counseling (15-20 min each) at 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 month follow-up (FCF). No smoking cessation medication was provided. From October 2008 to August 2013, Chinese male smokers who sought treatment in a part-time regular smoking cessation clinic of a large general hospital in Beijing were invited to participate in the present study. Eligible male smokers (n = 547) were divided into two groups: FC (n = 149) and FCF (n = 398). Main outcomes were self-reported 7-day point prevalence and 6 month continuous quit rates at 12 month follow-up. RESULTS: By intention to treat, at 12 month follow-up, the 7-day point prevalence and 6 month continuous quit rates of FC and FCF were 14.8 % and 26.4 %, and 10.7 % and 19.6 % respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95 % confidence intervals) of quitting in FCF compared to FC was 2.34 (1.34-4.10) (P = 0.003) and 2.41 (1.28-4.52) (P = 0.006), respectively. Stepwise logistic regression showed that FCF, being married, unemployed and a lower Fagerström score were significant independent predictors of 6 month continuous quitting at 12 month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Using systematically collected data from real-world practice, our smoking cessation clinic has shown that the additional telephone follow-up counseling sessions doubled the quit rate.

Mussel-inspired one-pot synthesis of a fluorescent and water-soluble polydopamine-polyethyleneimine copolymer.

Inspired by the molecular mechanics of mussel adhesive formation, a novel water-soluble fluorescent macromolecule (polydopamine-polyethyleneimine (PDA-PEI)) is prepared by one-pot copolymerization of dopamine (DA) and PEI. In this method, DA is polymerized to form PDA, which is then coupled with PEI mainly through Michael addition. The fluorescence property of PDA-PEI is mainly attributed to the Michael addition of PEI on the 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) units of PDA, where PEI can form hydrogen bonds with oxidative products such as DHI and force the DHI units to twist out of plane, resulting in a decrease in the intra- and intermolecular coupling of PDA. In addition, the influence of various metal cations on the fluorescence of the PDA-PEI copolymer is investigated. This work may facilitate the development of new strategies for controlling the emission characteristics of PDA.

The effect of a very brief smoking-reduction intervention in smokers who have no intention to quit: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is one of the most common preventable causes of death, but more than half of the Chinese men still use tobacco products. Moreover, 63.6% of Chinese smokers have stated that they would not consider quitting. Specialized and intensive smoking-cessation services are too expensive and passive to have major clinical and public health impacts in developing countries like China. Smoking cessation medications are not covered by medical insurance, and their high price prevents Chinese smokers from using them. Brief interventions are needed to provide cost-effective and timesaving tobacco dependence treatments in China mainland. METHODS/DESIGN: We describe a two-arm randomized controlled trial for smokers who have no intention to quit. The project will be conducted in outpatient clinics at a large hospital in Beijing, China. Both arms include one face-to-face interview plus five follow-up interventions. Each intervention will last approximately one minute. Subjects allocated to the smoking-reduction intervention arm (SRI) will be advised to reduce smoking consumption to at least half of their current consumption level within the next month. All subjects in the SRI will be warned to bear in mind that an attempt to reduce smoking is an intermediate step before complete cessation. Smokers who have successfully reduced their smoking consumption will be encouraged to completely cease smoking. Controls are subjects allocated to the exercise- and diet-advice arm (EDA) and will be given advice about healthy diet and physical activity, but the advice will not include smoking cessation or reduction. Data collection will be done at baseline and at each follow-up interview using standardized questionnaires. The primary outcomes include self-reported and biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence and prolonged abstinence rates at 12-month follow-up. DISCUSSION: We expect that an intention to quit in smoking outpatients can be motivated by physicians in the clinic setting. If this very brief smoking-reduction intervention can be demonstrated to have a positive impact on long-term smoking cessation, this strategy has the potential to be a viable and acceptable approach and may be used widely in China and elsewhere. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02370147 (date of registration: 23 th February, 2015).

[The correlation study on syndrome differentiation of rheumatoid arthritis and joint high frequency ultrasound performance].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the differential effect of joint ultrasound on the syndrome differentiation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by observing the high frequency ultrasound performances among inactive stage and different syndromes in active stage. METHODS: Totally 83 RA patients in the active stage were assigned to the dampness heat syndrome group (DHS, 59 cases)and the cold dampness syndrome group (CDS, 24 cases) according to Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome typing. Besides, 20 RA patients in the remission stage were recruited as the control group (abbreviated as the remission group). By using high frequency ultrasound and power Doppler ultrasound technology, a comparative observation of synovitis, tenosynovitis, synovial blood flow, and bone erosion in the 2nd-5th metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints, wrist joints, knee joints, the second and the fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints (a total of 24 joints) was performed in all patients. Correlation analyses were performed between the ultrasound performance, laboratory indices, and the disease activity. Ultrasound data of each RA patient were analyzed by their total scores. Χ2 test was used for enumeration data. The measurement data was expressed as x ± s. One-way ANOVA was used for data of normal distribution, while non- parametric test was used for data of non-normal distribution. Correlation analysis of two variables was performed for clinical indicators and ultrasound indicators. Its significance was detected using Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Compared with the remission group, the severity degree of synovitis, tenosynovitis, synovial blood flow, and bone erosion significantly increased in the DHS group (P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in ESR, CRP, anti-CCP, DAS28 score, and the positive rate of RF (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was statistical difference in the severity degree of synovitis and synovial blood flow, and DAS28 score in the CDS group (P < 0.05). Compared with the CDS group, there was statistical difference in the four ultrasound indices (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), ESR, CRP, anti-CCP, DAS28 score, and the positive rate of RF in the DHS group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in G, IgG, IgA, or IgM among the three groups (P > 0.05). There existed positive correlation between ESR and the synovitis degree, synovial blood flow, and bone erosion in the DHS group (r = 0.444, 0.397, 0.486, P < 0.05).There existed positive correlation between ESR and the synovitis degree, bone erosion, and synovial blood flow in the DHS group (r = 0.378, 0.270, P < 0.05). There existed positive correlation between the DAS28 score and the synovitis degree and synovial blood flow in the DHS group (r = 0.304, 0.351, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The inflammation degree was the most severe in RA patients of DHS. High frequency ultrasound could provide better evidence for Chinese medical syndrome differentiation of RA patients.

Preparation of microbial agent immobilized composites for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater.

Because of its extreme toxicity and health risks, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has been identified as a major environmental contaminant. Bioreduction is considered as one of effective techniques for cleaning up Cr(VI)-contaminated sites, but the remediation efficiency needs to be enhanced. Here, a novel immobilized microbial agent was produced by immobilizing Bacillus cereus ZY-2009 with sodium alginate (SA) using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and activated carbon (AC). To evaluate the decrease of Cr(VI) by immobilized bacterial agents, batch tests were conducted with varying immobilization conditions, immobilization carriers, and dosages of medication. The removal of Cr(VI) by the agent prepared by the composite immobilization method was better than that by the adsorption and encapsulation methods. The optimal preparation conditions were the fraction of magnetic PVA was 5.00%, the fraction of SA was 4.00%, the fraction of CaCl2 was 4.00%, and the calcification time was 12 h. The experimental results indicated that PVA/SA/AC agents accelerated the reduction rate of Cr(VI). The removal rate of Cr(VI) by immobilized cells (90.5%) under ideal conditions was substantially higher than that of free cells (11.0%). This novel agent had a large specific surface area and a rich pore structure, accounting for its high reduction rate. The results suggest that the PVA/SA/AC immobilized Bacillus cereus ZY-2009 agent has great potential to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater treatment systems.

Remediation of oil-polluted soil using anionic and non-ionic composite biosurfactants.

Petroleum hydrocarbons as pervasive pollutants pose a significant threat to soil ecology and human health. Surfactant washing as an established technique can effectively remediate soils contaminated by hydrocarbons. Biosurfactants, which combine the properties of surfactants and environmental compatibility, have attracted increasing interest. However, due to the high production cost of biosurfactants, their practical application is restricted. This study addressed these limitations by selecting two biosurfactants, ß-cyclodextrin (C1) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (C2), and developed a promising cleaning agent formula through compounding and the addition of suitable additives. When the volume ratio of C1 to C2 was 8:2 and an 8 g/L mixture of sodium humate and sodium carbonate electrolyte was added, the surfactant system's surface tension reached a minimum, yielding optimal oil removal. The formation and synergistic behaviour of mixed micelles of surfactants were explained using ideal solution theory and the Rubingh model. By optimising the oil washing process parameters - normal temperature of 25 °C, pH 11, washing time of 2 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, and oscillation frequency of 200 r/min - the oil removal rate achieved 76%. This cleaning agent, characterised by low production cost, straightforward application, environmental compatibility, and rapid, significant cleaning effect, shows potential for field-scale purification of petroleum-contaminated soil.

[Effect of sanshui baihu decoction on the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and its secretion of IL-6 and IL-17].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Sanshui Baihu Decoction (SBD) containing serum on the proliferation of in vitro cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) and its secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17, and to explore the pharmacological mechanism of SBD. METHODS: The FLS obtained from cultured RA and OA patients' synovial tissue were cultured and passaged in vitro in a routine way. The cultured medium was changed to DMEM with 20% SBD containing serum and cultured for 72 h after cultured for 3 to 6 generations. The proliferation rate of FLS was detected by MTT assay. Levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. Leflunomide and saline containing serum were used as positive and negative control respectively. RESULTS: SBD containing serum significantly inhibited the proliferation of RA-FLS and OA-FLS, and decreased the secretion of IL-17 in RA-FLS. Its inhibition efficiency of SBD was equivalent to that of Leflunomide. No obvious inhibition on the secretion of IL-6 in RA-FLS was observed. It had no significant effect on the secretion of IL-17 and IL-6 in OA-FLS. CONCLUSION: SBD could inhibit the proliferation of FLS and the secretion of IL-17 in RA-FLS, which might be one of its pharmacological mechanisms for treating RA.

Traditional Chinese Medicine has great potential as candidate drugs for lung cancer: A review.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: With high mortality and morbidity rates, lung cancer (LC) has become one of the major threats to human health. The treatment strategies for LC currently face issues, such as drug resistance and body tolerance. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is characterized by novel pharmacological mechanisms, low toxicity, and limited side effects. TCM includes a substantial number of biologically active ingredients, several of which are effective monomeric agents against LC. An increasing number of researchers are focusing their efforts on the discovery of active anti-cancer ingredients in TCM. AIM OF THE REVIEW: In this review, we summarized the anti-LC mechanisms of five types of TCM monomeric compounds. Our goal is to provide research ideas for the identification of new prospective medication candidates for the treatment of LC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected reports on the anti-LC effects of TCM monomers from web databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Europe PubMed Central. Among the keywords used were "lung cancer," "traditional Chinese medicine," "pharmacology," and their combinations thereof. Then, we systematically summarized the anti-LC efficacy and related mechanisms of TCM monomers. RESULTS: Based on the available literature, this paper reviewed the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of five types of TCM monomers on LC. The characteristics of TCM monomers include the capabilities to suppress the tumor cell cycle, inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, promote autophagy, inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and enhance efficacy or reduce drug resistance when combined with cytotoxic agents and other methods to arrest the progression of LC and prolong the survival of patients. CONCLUSIONS: TCM contains numerous flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols, and other active compounds that are effective against LC. Given their chemical structure and pharmacological properties, these monomers are suitable as candidate drugs for the treatment of LC.

PSS-dispersed dopamine triggered formation of PAA adhesive hydrogel as flexible wearable sensors.

Catechol-based hydrogels have good adhesion properties; however, since the concentration of catechol is low and it can be easily oxidized to quinone, the adhesion performance of the hydrogels is reduced, which limits their application as self-adhesive flexible wearable sensors. In this work, a dopamine: poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (DA:PSS)-initiated strategy was proposed to construct adhesive hydrogels, where the semiquinone radicals present in DA:PSS were used to initiate radical polymerization to obtain the DA:PSS/poly(acrylic acid) (DA:PSS/PAA) hydrogel. This hydrogel exhibited good stretchability and adhesion with various substrates. We observed that, even after exposure to air for 21 days under certain relative humidity (76%), the catechol groups hardly oxidized and the DA:PSS/PAA hydrogel presented good adhesion. The DA:PSS/PAA hydrogel also showed good electrical conductivity and fast response ability. Thus, the general strategy of triggering monomer polymerization to form hydrogels based on the semiquinone radical present in DA:PSS offers great potential for their application in flexible electronic devices and wearable sensors.

Diagnostic value of confocal laser endomicroscopy for gastric superficial cancerous lesions.

BACKGROUND: The identification of gastric superficial cancerous lesions based on conventional white-light endoscopy (WLE) is challenging, and histological analysis remains the 'gold standard' for the final diagnosis. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) can provide in vivo histological observation without the need for biopsy. OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate CLE imaging criteria for gastric superficial cancerous lesions and to compare the diagnostic value of real-time integrated CLE (iCLE) and WLE alone in distinguishing gastric superficial cancerous lesions. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China. PATIENTS: A total of 182 patients were enrolled into phase I and 1786 patients were enrolled into phase II. INTERVENTIONS: CLE images were blindly evaluated after endoscopy in phase I, and real-time iCLE diagnosis during endoscopy was compared with WLE diagnosis by using histopathology as a gold standard in phase II. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The validity and reliability of the CLE diagnosis for identifying gastric superficial cancerous lesions. RESULTS: Off-line CLE diagnosis for early gastric cancers had a high sensitivity (88.1%) and specificity (98.6%). When the two-tiered CLE classification of non-cancerous lesions and cancer/high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) lesions was introduced, CLE diagnosis led to a higher sensitivity (90.2%) and specificity (98.5%) (phase I). Real-time iCLE diagnosis had a higher sensitivity (88.9%), specificity (99.3%) and accuracy (98.8%) for gastric superficial cancer/HGIN lesions than WLE diagnosis (sensitivity, 72.2%; specificity, 95.1%; and accuracy, 94.1%) (p < 0.05) (phase II). Limitations This was a single-centre study. CONCLUSIONS: CLE can be used to identify gastric superficial cancer/HGIN lesions with high validity and reliability.

Construction of Digital Teaching Resources of British and American Literature Using Few-Shot Learning and Cloud Computing.

British and American literature is a compulsory course for English majors in Chinese colleges and universities. It plays an important role in cultivating students' aesthetic consciousness and moral cultivation, improving students' humanistic quality and cultural taste, and shaping students' complete personalities. With the rapid development of cloud technology and mobile Internet technology, mobile learning based on mobile devices will become an important direction of mobile Internet technology applications. Based on cloud computing, this paper studies the construction of digital teaching resources of the British and American literature. Through the experiment on the learning simplicity of literature courses for English majors, it is found that during the learning period of 40 people, the average proportion of the most difficult is 16.3%, the average proportion of the second difficult is 35.2%, and the average proportion of the easier is 18.5%. Compared with the next difficulty, the proportion of difficulty is the highest, followed by the easy and finally the most difficult. As one of the core technologies of cloud computing, data split storage technology adopts measures such as isomorphism and interchangeability of computing nodes, redundant storage, and multicopy fault tolerance to ensure the high security and reliability of user data and users do not have to worry about data loss and virus invasion. As a new generation of technical means, cloud computing can realize the unified management and scheduling of distributed and heterogeneous resources and provide a new development direction for promoting the coconstruction and sharing of the British and American literature digital teaching platforms in higher vocational colleges and truly realizing national learning and lifelong learning.

Delivery of siRNA based on engineered exosomes for glioblastoma therapy by targeting STAT3.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy has been considered as a promising strategy for treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), which is an aggressive brain disease with poor prognosis. However, siRNA therapy for GBM is seriously hindered by a multitude of barriers including possible immunogenicity, poor cellular uptake, short blood circulation, poor blood stability and low blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. This paper reports Angiopep-2 (An2)-functionalized signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) siRNA-loaded exosomes (Exo-An2-siRNA) as potential therapeutic agents to improve GBM therapy. The experimental results indicate that Exo-An2-siRNA displays high blood stability, efficient cellular uptake, and outstanding BBB penetration ability. Exo-An2-siRNA also exhibits excellent in vitro anti-GBM therapeutic effects due to the exosomes for siRNA protection and An2 modification for GBM targeting and BBB penetration. Such superior properties of Exo-An2-siRNA are responsible for favorable inhibition of the proliferation of orthotopic U87MG xenografts with limited side effects, significantly enhancing the median survival time (MST) of U87MG-bearing nude mice. The developed siRNA therapy featuring An2-functionalized exosomes as nanoplatforms is a safe and effective GBM treatment strategy.

[Spatial-temporal Distribution and Evolution Characteristics of Air Pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Long-term "Ground-Satellite" Data].

This study aimed to promote the coordinated development of regional social economy and ecological environment, build a better living environment, accurately prevent and control pollution, and carry out in-depth surveys and general surveys of air pollution in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. Based on 6 years (June 2014 to December 2019) of ground environmental observation data and satellite data from 2000 to 2019, the distribution characteristics and evolution trend of air pollution in different time and spatial scales were analyzed. The results showed that:① according to the daily average concentration of PM2.5 at the sites, the pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region showed the characteristics of more days, heavy levels, and overall improvement. Pollution mainly occurred from October to April of the following year, accounting for nearly half a year. The pollution level of PM2.5 was the best at Zhangjiakou, followed by Qinhuangdao. ② Based on the 20-year average PM2.5 annual average concentration data retrieved from satellites, the PM2.5 concentration presented a spatial distribution characteristic in which that in the plains was higher than that in mountain area, and PM2.5 concentration in the city was higher than that in the suburbs. PM2.5 concentration changed with time, showing a four-stage bimodal structure of "M"-type evolution characteristics, which gradually increased starting in 2000; the first peak appeared in 2006 and gradually decreased from 2007 to 2012. It rose sharply to the second peak in 2013 and then decreased yearly until 2017. ③ The monthly average AOT data based on satellites every 10 years indicated that the value of AOT in the first time period (2000-2009) was larger than that in the same month of the second time period (2010-2019). The maximum value was in July, and the minimum value was in December. The monthly average AOT in Zhangjiakou and Chengde changed slightly over the past 20 years, and the seasonal and spatial differences were significant in the plain area. ④ Judging from the daily average value of O3-8h observed at the stations, good levels of O3-8h concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area occurred frequently and widely from March to October. There were at least seven instances of light pollution levels, and the moderate pollution levels and above were not observed. ⑤ The daily average value of SO2 observed on the ground showed that there was no light pollution or above; the good pollution level occurred in winter, and most appeared in the form of pollution for several consecutive days. ⑥ The analysis of AQI data revealed that from 2015 to 2019, the proportion of AQI excellent grades in Beijing increased from 27% to 38%, and the proportion of Tianjin AQI good grades increased from 44% to 64%. The highest proportion of Handan AQI superior grades appeared in 2016, accounting for only 9%. ⑦ The 20-year monthly average concentration of SO2 data based on satellites showed that high-value areas were in Handan, Xingtai, and Shijiazhuang, and low-value areas were in Zhangjiakou and Chengde. The 20-year average NO2 data showed that the high-value centers were in Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Handan, Xingtai, and Shijiazhuang.

Clinical research on comprehensive treatment of senile vascular dementia.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of combined Chinese medicine, acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy on vascular dementia (VD), and to compare the Western medicine piracetam. METHODS: Total 134 VD patients screened in reference to the standard for VD diagnosis in DSM-IV were randomly divided into a Chinese medicine plus rehabilitation group (32 cases), a Chinese medicine plus acupuncture group (33 cases), a Chinese medicine and acupuncture plus rehabilitation group (37 cases) and a Western medicine piracetam group (32 cases). Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Bless Behavior Scale (BBS) were used to assess changes in intelligence disorder before treatment and after 12-week treatment. RESULTS: BBS score, living ability and daily habit were enhanced after treatment in all groups. Cognitive function and behavioral ability were improved with similar total curative effects in all the 4 groups. Directional ability and short-term memory ability were significantly enhanced after treatment (P < 0.05) in both the Chinese medicine plus rehabilitation group and the Chinese medicine plus acupuncture group groups. Living ability was significantly improved after treatment in the Chinese medicine and acupuncture plus rehabilitation group (P < 0.01). However, no obvious difference was shown before and after treatment in the piracetam group. CONCLUSION: The improvement of living ability in the comprehensive treatment group is better than that in the other groups. Chinese medicine and acupuncture plus rehabilitation treatment can improve intelligence and living ability of senile VD patients.