Aerobic training reduces pancreatic fat content and improves ß-cell function: A randomized controlled trial using IDEAL-IQ magnetic resonance imaging.

AIMS: To explore the effects of six months of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on pancreatic fat content and its impact on ß-cell function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 106 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized to either a moderate-intensity aerobic training group (three times a week, including 5 min warm-up, 50 min aerobic dancing, and 5 min relaxation, n = 53) or control group (n = 53) with 6-month intervention. The primary endpoint was change in pancreatic fat content. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients completed the study with 43 patients in the aerobic training group. The average age, HbA1c, and pancreatic fat content for all participants (106 patients) were 66.39 ± 5.59 years, 7.05 ± 1.24%, and 10.35 ± 9.20%, respectively. Nearly half (49.06%) of patients were males. Subjects in the aerobic training group saw a significant reduction in pancreatic fat content when compared to controls (p = 0.001). In logistic regression models containing age, diabetes duration, change in BMI, smoking/drinking status, changes in lipid indices, and other abdominal fat content, only reduction in pancreatic fat content (p < 0.05) was an independent protective factor for ß-cell function and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Six months of moderate-intensity aerobic training significantly reduced the pancreatic fat content. The reduction of pancreatic fat content was an independent protective factor for ß-cell function and HbA1c.

Effects of Insulin Therapy and Oral Hypoglycemic Agents on Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in China-A Case Control Study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to compare glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) receiving insulin therapy (IT) or oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), and explore associations between treatment modality and pancreatic beta-cell function. METHODS: A matched, case-control study was conducted from April, 2016 to November, 2016. 2 272 patients with T2DM were identified from electronic medical records at four academic hospitals in China. Based on 1 136 eligible patients using IT, eligible 1 136 OHA patients were matched by age and duration at a ratio of 1:1. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between IT and glycemic control. Multiple linear regression addressed impact factors of HOMA-ß. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between IT and OHA groups in gender, age, diabetes duration, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum lipids and smoking history (p>0.05). We stratified subjects by diabetes duration, only when the duration was less than 5 years, HbA1c in OHA group was superior to IT (P=0.017). There were no significant differences between groups in HbA1c when disease duration was≥5 years. Even in subjects with short diabetes duration (<5 years), IT did not significantly impact glycemic control (p=0.071, OR=0.577). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that IT (p=0.001), diabetes duration (p=0.038), BMI (P<0.001), sulfonylurea use (P=0.001) were significant and independent predictors of HOMA-ß. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with short diabetes duration (<5 years), oral hypoglycemic therapy achieved better glycemic control than insulin therapy. Moreover, insulin use was not an impact factor of poor glycemic control. In addition, using insulin can protect beta-cell function.

Effects of Glucose Fluctuation Targeted Intervention on the Prognosis of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes following the First Episode of Cerebral Infarction.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of glucose fluctuation targeted intervention on neurologic function, independent living skills, and quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients following the first episode of cerebral infarction (CI). METHODS: This was a randomized control trial. Following confirmed cerebral infarction, 75 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized into 2 groups: control group (n = 37) with usual care, focused on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) control, targeting A1c < 7%, and intervention group (n = 37) with usual care, focused on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) control, targeting A1c < 7%, and intervention group (. RESULTS: After 6 months, data from 63 patients were analyzed (30 in the control group, 33 in the intervention group). There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the reduction of A1c between the 2 groups, but the reductions of LAGE (P > 0.05) in the reduction of A1c between the 2 groups, but the reductions of LAGE (P > 0.05) in the reduction of A1c between the 2 groups, but the reductions of LAGE (P > 0.05) in the reduction of A1c between the 2 groups, but the reductions of LAGE (P > 0.05) in the reduction of A1c between the 2 groups, but the reductions of LAGE (P > 0.05) in the reduction of A1c between the 2 groups, but the reductions of LAGE (P > 0.05) in the reduction of A1c between the 2 groups, but the reductions of LAGE (P > 0.05) in the reduction of A1c between the 2 groups, but the reductions of LAGE (P > 0.05) in the reduction of A1c between the 2 groups, but the reductions of LAGE (. CONCLUSION: Glucose fluctuation targeted intervention can improve nerve function for patients with T2DM following the first CI episode. This trial is registered with NCT03932084.

Effect of 12-Month Resistance Training on Changes in Abdominal Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Variables in Patients with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of resistance training relative to aerobic training on abdominal adipose tissue and metabolic variables in adults with prediabetes. METHODS: 105 participants with prediabetes were randomized into the resistance training group (RT, n = 35), aerobic training group (AT, n = 35), and control group (CG, n = 35). The participants completed supervised 12-month exercise; the control group followed the primary lifestyle without exercise intervention. The primary outcomes were visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measured by computed tomography (CT). Secondary outcomes were body composition, lipid profile, and metabolic variables. RESULTS: A total of 93 participants completed the study. There were nonsignificant differences between groups before intervention. After training, VAT decreased significantly in AT and RT compared with CG (P = 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). Although no significant difference in SAT was found across groups, SAT decreased significantly over time within each exercise group (all P = 0.001). Increase in muscle mass was greater in RT than that in AT and CG (P = 0.031 and P = 0.045, respectively). Compared with CG, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased significantly in RT and AT (P = 0.003 and P = 0.014, respectively). There was a significant difference in the number of prediabetes who converted to diabetes among AT and RT, as compared with the control group (P = 0.031 and P = 0.011, respectively). No significant differences were observed in lipid, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FI), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-ß across groups. CONCLUSION: Both aerobic training and resistance training are effective in reducing abdominal adipose tissue and fasting plasma glucose in adults with prediabetes. Importantly, resistance training but not aerobic training is effective in augmenting muscle mass. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered with NCT02561377 (date of registration: 24/09/2015).