RESUMEN
New cases of blue cheese discoloration has led to recent research to identify the causal agent and factors that favor blue pigment appearing. Nonetheless, very few reports have described the source of contamination and the measurements to eradicate the microbiological source on cheese farms by determining the relation between blue discoloration on fresh cheese and the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. Thus, 60 samples from a cheese farm (cheese, equipment surfaces, tap water, and raw and pasteurized milk) were analyzed by phenotypical, MALDI-TOF, 16S rRNA sequencing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis tests to determine the causal agent. The results obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with restriction enzymes XbaI and SpeI confirmed tap water as the initial contaminated source. The above-mentioned result was essential to avoid Pseudomonas contamination due to the most residual microorganisms being inactivated through a new disinfection program.
Asunto(s)
Queso , Pseudomonas fluorescens , Animales , Queso/análisis , Productos Lácteos , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado/veterinaria , Leche , Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas fluorescens/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become an important hospital-acquired pathogen, with transfer of the organism from a carrier or infected patient to uninfected patients by the hands or clothing of staff as the main mode of transmission. METHODS: Investigation of a cluster of new cases of MRSA resistant to mupirocin and fusidic acid, using epidemiological and microbiological resources. RESULTS: From September 2010 to February 2012, sixteen patients had at least one culture positive for MRSA resistant to mupirocin and fusidic acid. Some not apparently related cases and outbreaks appeared. By analysing cultures taken from patients and staff using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, it was demonstrated that most likely this situation was started by an auxiliary nurse who was a carrier of the MRSA. Healthcare worker decontamination using oral antibiotic therapy was unsuccessful. Eventually, the situation was controlled by placing the carrier in a different job, with no further cases to date (September, 2012). CONCLUSION: This report illustrates the risk of nosocomial transmission linked to care delivered by healthcare workers.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/transmisión , Brotes de Enfermedades , Reservorios de Enfermedades/microbiología , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Profesional a Paciente , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Asistentes de Enfermería , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Portador Sano/tratamiento farmacológico , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Femenino , Ácido Fusídico/farmacología , Humanos , Incidencia , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa de Profesional a Paciente/prevención & control , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/crecimiento & desarrollo , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Mupirocina/farmacología , Cavidad Nasal/microbiología , Pomadas , Personal de Hospital , Estudios Retrospectivos , España/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Fungemia/etiología , Geotricosis/etiología , Geotrichum/aislamiento & purificación , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/etiología , Infecciones Oportunistas/etiología , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/etiología , Anciano , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Asma/complicaciones , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Fungemia/diagnóstico , Fungemia/microbiología , Geotricosis/diagnóstico , Geotricosis/microbiología , Humanos , Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Gripe Humana/complicaciones , Gripe Humana/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/complicaciones , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/microbiología , Infecciones Oportunistas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas/microbiología , Oseltamivir/uso terapéutico , Neumonía Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Viral/etiología , Púrpura/etiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) are an important cause of nosocomial infections, with complicated clinical-therapeutic management and elevated morbidity-mortality, and an increase in healthcare costs. In long term care facilities (LTCFs) colonization/infection by MDRO among residents is increasing, and they may act as reservoirs and vehicles for the dissemination and production of outbreaks by resistant strains in acute hospitals. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of carriers of some common MDRO, and identifying factors associated with carrier state. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted on 235 residents in two LTCFs in the province of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) between October and November of 2012. The presence of MMR was investigated in nasal, pharyngeal and rectal swabs using selective media. Risk factors associated with carrier state were calculated using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: More than one-third (36.2%) of residents were found to be carriers of ≥ 1 distinct MDROs. More than one-quarter (26.6%) were carriers of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, and 10.2% were MRSA carriers. Factors found to be associated with colonization by any MDRO were: prior colonization or infection by MDRO, hospitalization in the past 3 months, recurrent infections of the urinary tract, and peripheral arterial disease. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MDRO in the LTCFs settings studied is greater than that found in the literature, and in particular ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. Due to the high prevalence of infection/colonization by MDRO, it is possible that residents of LTCFs could act as important reservoirs of MDRO, and facilitate their spread into the acute care setting.