Application of Nonpharmacologic Methods to Relieve Pain During Labor: The Point of View of Primiparous Women.

The aim of this study was to assess the application of nonpharmacologic methods to relieve pain during birthing from the point of view of primiparous women. To achieve this goal, a cross-sectional study was developed with 188 primiparous women interviewed using a standardized form on the day they were discharged from the hospital. Results indicated that the most-used nonpharmacologic method was emotional support provided by the woman's companion (97.3%), followed by warm showers (91.5%); however, the highest degree of satisfaction derived from focused attention. In the assessment of the general degree of satisfaction with the methods studied, primiparous women experienced a high level of general satisfaction (88.3%). Significant associations between this result and changes in position (p = .0340, odds ratio [OR] 3.29, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.13-9.52) and focused attention (p = .0326, OR 2.61, CI 95% 1.06-6.43) were observed. There was a significant association between the general score for satisfaction and the emotional support of an obstetrics nurse (p = .0096, OR 3.78, CI 95% 1.49-9.55), of the obstetrician (p = .0031, OR 3.74, CI 95% 1.5-9.33), and of the nurse's aide (p = .0303, OR 4.56, CI 95% 1.03-20.24). We concluded that in the obstetric center where the study was conducted, nearly all the nonpharmacologic methods available are being adopted by the members of the healthcare team, with the participation of a companion. However, those that generate the highest degree of satisfaction are not those most used.

Sensibility in the relations and interactions of teaching and learning to be and do nursing.

This qualitative study focused on proxemic feelings and feelings of detachment and ambiguity among professors-nurses concerning their experiences. This study aimed to reveal the meanings of sensibility held by being-professor-nurse in teaching and learning to be and do nursing. The theoretical-philosophical support is based on Merleau-Ponty's existential phenomenological approach and the hermeneutics phenomenology of Paul Ricoeur was used. Nineteen professors-nurses from a Higher Education institution in the South of Brazil were interviewed between November and December 2006. Sensibility was revealed as the capacity to observe details in order to intervene in a situation the best way possible, and also as a way to break with exclusive models of the cognitive-instrumental rationality of science and technique, since sensibility is the basis for developing other ways of teaching and learning to be and do Nursing.

[Third stage of the Kangaroo Method converging investigative and care practices with families in outpatient care]. / Terceira etapa Método Canguru: convergência de práticas investigativas e cuidado com famílias em atendimento ambulatorial.

This study deals with qualitative, Convergent-Care Research whose objectives are to investigate the adaptation process experience of families in this third stage of the Kangaroo Method with premature and/or low weight newborns, to implement a nursing visit in reference to the four adaptive modes of the Roy Theory. The study was developed from October, 2006 to February, 2007 in a University Hospital. The subjects were six mothers, family members, and their babies. Data was collected through Roy's adaptive care process model, using observation techniques and semi-structured interviews. The data analysis process was carried out through apprehension, synthesis, theorization, and transference. The results show the need to strengthen the role of the family in the patient's leave from the hospital and the communication among the interdisciplinary team, as well as to rethink the criteria for releasing in the third stage.

[Reflections on nursing assistance provided to the parturient]. / Reflexões sobre a assistência de enfermagem prestada à parturiente.

The objective of this bibliographic study is to identify the state of the art of production published in the area of obstetrics nursing involving the birth process, to contribute to future investigations, and to assist in reflection upon this theme. Data was collected through the bibliographic analysis of the LILACS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and SciELO databases. Descriptors used: nurse-midwives, childbirth work, normal childbirth, and Nursing care. Five studies were selected and later catalogued in bibliographic files. The themes selected were: professional regulation, care, assistance given, link established, educational actions, administrative activities, and difficulties. While the studies recognize this professional as a capacitated, legally backed professional who offers humanized assistance and thus reaffirms normal vaginal delivery, thus proportioning dignity, security, and autonomy to the delivering mother much still needs to written in order for the same autonomy and ethical-legal respect is acquired for health care professionals and clientele.

[Care, self-care and caring for yourself: a paradigmatic understanding thought for nursing care]. / Cuidado, autocuidado e cuidado de si: uma compreensão paradigmática para o cuidado de enfermagem.

This article presents a reflection about care, self-care and caring for oneself and establishes these issues' relations with the paradigms of totality and simultaneity. On the first part of the text, care and its general aspects are contextualized; the second part discusses about care in Martin Heidegger's philosophical perspective; the third part explores self-care on Dorothea Orem's conception; the fourth part considers Michel Foucault's care of oneself. And finally, the fifth part aims to establish the relationship between the concepts of self-care and care of oneself, and the totality and simultaneity paradigms. Self-care and care of oneself are connected to the objectivism of the totality, and to the subjectivism of the simultaneity. These subjects lead nursing to comprehend such paradigmatic inheritance and its implications on the nursing care.

[Investigative care practice of HIV-positive pregnant women according Parse's theory]. / Uma prática de cuidado investigativa à gestante HIV- soropositivo orientada pela teoria de Parse.

This is a qualitative study aimed developing an investigative care practice of HIV-positive pregnant woman based on Rosemarie Parse's theory. The study was carried out at a Maternity Ward in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Its target population included four HIV-positive pregnant women under pre-natal care. The theoretical foundation was applied to the nursing process, taking into account three dimensions: clarifying meaning, synchronizing rhythm, and mobilizing transcendence. Data were collected using interviews and patient observation. The results reveal an innovative method of providing care to HIV-positive pregnant women holistically, thereby, promoting their evolution as human beings.

[Natural childbirth and cesarean section: social representations of women who experienced them]. / Parto normal e cesárea: representações sociais de mulheres que os vivenciaram.

Aiming to understand the social representations of natural childbirth and caesarean section for women who experienced them, it was developed a descriptive, qualitative research. Interviews were conducted from July to October 2010, with twenty women who experienced both types of birth. The number of participants was determined by theoretical saturation during data collection and content analysis. The results showed, during the experience of motherhood: the search for information, the experience of childbirth alone versus support at birth; and that the woman has no option of choice on type of birth. Natural childbirth includes important issues such as: the ambivalence of feelings, positive perception and hospitalization. Cesarean section is associated with ambivalence of feelings, understood as a solution of a problem and the preference for cesarean section. The natural childbirth is a challenge for women, but the positive feelings outweigh the difficulties, while the cesarean section is associated to the physical benefits of its execution.

[Precocious skin-to-skin contact between mother and child: meanings to mothers and contributions for nursing]. / Contato precoce pele a pele entre mãe e filho: significado para mães e contribuições para a enfermagem.

That was a convergent-care study, carried out in a maternity ward in the Southern Region of Brazil from April to May 2009, with the purpose to comprehend the meanings of premature mother-child skin-to-skin contact and relevant nursing contributions. Data were collected through participant observation and interviews involving nine mothers. Four categories were identified: a) predelivery orientation surrounding premature mother-child skin-to-skin contact; b) establishing premature mother-child skin-to-skin contact; c) meanings of premature mother-child skin-to-skin contact for the mother; and d) nursing contributions in establishing premature mother-child skin-to-skin contact. It was concluded that the meanings of premature mother-child skin-to-skin contact attributed by these mothers is positive, and that nursing's contribution in establishing such contact is significant.