RESUMEN
SCOPE: Postmenopausal women are often affected by a group of metabolic disorders related to oxidative stress. Alternative treatments that can improve the quality of life of these women have been the subject of recent studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response to oxidative stress in the brains of rats following ovariectomy, and to determine enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant responses when the animals received 3 months of dietary supplementation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ovariectomy produced changes in antioxidant profiles characterized by reductions in glutathione S-transferase activity, H2 O2 consumption, superoxide dismutase activity, and vitamin C levels and increases in protein carbonylation. Docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) supplementation restored these parameters to normal values and increased values of other antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase and total glutathione). However, DHA supplementation also increased protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation. Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation produced no changes in antioxidants, but decreased lipid peroxidation. Lipoic acid supplementation increased consumption of H2 O2 and decreased protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the antioxidant response to omega-3 varies in different tissues, and in this study DHA treatment had a prooxidant effect in the brain. Lipoic acid treatment, on the other hand, had a protective effect, reducing markers of oxidative damage.