RESUMEN
We report detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive clonal complex 398 human-origin methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus L2 in the Netherlands. This hypervirulent lineage originated in the Asia-Pacific Region and could become community-acquired in Europe after recurrent travel-related introductions. Genomic surveillance enables early detection to guide control measures and help limit spread of pathogens in urban settings.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Viaje , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Enfermedad Relacionada con los Viajes , Exotoxinas/genética , Leucocidinas/genética , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales outbreak at a veterinary teaching hospital in the United States increased urgency for improved communication among diagnostic laboratories, public health authorities, veterinarians, and pet owners. Kansas State University, University of Missouri, Kansas Department of Health and Environment, and Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network created a surveillance, storage, and reporting protocol for veterinary antimicrobial-resistant bacteria; determined frequency of those bacteria in companion animals during 2018-2021; and created educational flyers for veterinarians and pet owners. We recommend a One Health strategy to create efficient surveillance programs to identify and report antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and educate veterinarians and pet owners about transmission risks.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Salud Única , Animales , Salud Pública , Carbapenémicos/farmacología , Hospitales Veterinarios , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Bacterias , Antibacterianos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Transmission of livestock-associated Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 9 (LA-SA CC9) between pigs raised on industrial hog operations (IHOs) and humans in the United States is poorly understood. We analyzed whole-genome sequences from 32 international S. aureus CC9 isolates and 49 LA-SA CC9 isolates from IHO pigs and humans who work on or live near IHOs in 10 pig-producing counties in North Carolina, USA. Bioinformatic analysis of sequence data from the 81 isolates demonstrated 3 major LA-SA CC9 clades. North Carolina isolates all fell within a single clade (C3). High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of C3 revealed 2 subclades of intermingled IHO pig and human isolates differing by 0-34 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Our findings suggest that LA-SA CC9 from pigs and humans share a common source and provide evidence of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant LA-SA CC9 between IHO pigs and humans who work on or live near IHOs in North Carolina.
Asunto(s)
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Antibacterianos , Humanos , Ganado , North Carolina , Filogenia , Staphylococcus aureus , Porcinos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a primary cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young women. S. saprophyticus colonizes humans and animals but basic features of its molecular epidemiology are undetermined. We conducted a phylogenomic analysis of 321 S. saprophyticus isolates collected from human UTIs worldwide during 1997-2017 and 232 isolates from human UTIs and the pig-processing chain in a confined region during 2016-2017. We found epidemiologic and genomic evidence that the meat-production chain is a major source of S. saprophyticus causing human UTIs; human microbiota is another possible origin. Pathogenic S. saprophyticus belonged to 2 lineages with distinctive genetic features that are globally and locally disseminated. Pangenome-wide approaches identified a strong association between pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance, phages, platelet binding proteins, and an increased recombination rate. Our study provides insight into the origin, transmission, and population structure of pathogenic S. saprophyticus and identifies putative new virulence factors.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Infecciones Urinarias , Animales , Humanos , Staphylococcus saprophyticus , Porcinos , Factores de VirulenciaRESUMEN
We typed 600 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates collected in 51 hospitals in the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, metropolitan area during 2014-2017. We found that multiple new clonal complex (CC) 5 sequence types had replaced previously dominant MRSA lineages in hospitals. Whole-genome analysis of 208 isolates revealed an emerging sublineage of multidrug-resistant MRSA, sequence type 105, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec II, spa t002, which we designated the Rio de Janeiro (RdJ) clone. Using molecular clock analysis, we hypothesized that this lineage began to expand in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area in 2009. Multivariate analysis supported an association between bloodstream infections and the CC5 lineage that includes the RdJ clone. Compared with other closely related isolates, representative isolates of the RdJ clone more effectively evaded immune function related to monocytic cells, as evidenced by decreased phagocytosis rate and increased numbers of viable unphagocytosed (free) bacteria after in vitro exposure to monocytes.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriemia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Bacteriemia/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Monocitos , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
To identify facilities at risk of receiving patients colonized or infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), we developed an interactive web-based interface for visualization of patient-sharing networks among healthcare facilities in Tennessee, USA. Using hospital discharge data and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' claims and Minimum Data Set, we constructed networks among hospitals and skilled nursing facilities. Networks included direct and indirect transfers, which accounted for <365 days in the community outside of facility admissions. Authorized users can visualize a facility of interest and tailor visualizations by year, network dataset, length of time in the community, and minimum number of transfers. The interface visualizes the facility of interest with its connected facilities that receive or send patients, the number of interfacility transfers, and facilities at risk of receiving transfers from the facility of interest. This tool will help other health departments enhance their MDRO outbreak responses.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Anciano , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Humanos , Internet , Medicare , Instituciones de Cuidados Especializados de Enfermería , Tennessee/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) can acquire phage-encoded immune modulators, such as the immune evasion cluster (IEC), which protects bacteria from components of the human innate immune system, and the enzyme TarP, which protects against antibody-mediated immune recognition. We used whole-genome sequencing and epidemiologic investigations to study the effects of IEC- and tarP-harboring phages on household transmission of LA-MRSA in North Denmark Region during 2004-2011. We reviewed information about all patients throughout Denmark who experienced LA-MRSA infection during 2007-2018 to determine whether IEC is associated with increased spread into the general population. Horizontal acquisition of IEC in the human host was associated with increased household transmission of LA-MRSA and spillover into the community and healthcare settings, whereas we found no evidence to suggest that IEC-positive LA-MRSA isolates have become self-sustainable in the general population. By contrast, TarP did not seem to influence household transmission of LA-MRSA.
Asunto(s)
Bacteriófagos , Evasión Inmune , Ganado/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Bacteriófagos/genética , Niño , Preescolar , Dinamarca , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/transmisión , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We report a case of severe disseminated infection in an immunocompetent man caused by an emerging lineage of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398. Genes encoding classic virulence factors were absent. The patient made a slow recovery after multiple surgical interventions and a protracted course of intravenous flucloxacillin.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Floxacilina/administración & dosificación , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Administración Intravenosa , Humanos , Inmunocompetencia , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Meticilina/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/cirugía , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del Tratamiento , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaRESUMEN
We identified 2 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains of sequence type 398 from surgical site infections in China. Genetic analysis and clinical data from these strains suggested that they were human-related but sporadic. Hemolysis analysis and mouse-skin infection models indicated a high virulence potential for these strains.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/microbiología , Virulencia/genética , Adulto , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , China , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Meticilina/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/patogenicidad , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified a community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) sequence type (ST) 398 type V (5C2&5) isolate (typically found in China) in Australia in 2017. This CA-MRSA ST398 variant was highly virulent, similar to other related CA-MRSAs of ST398. This strain should be monitored to prevent more widespread dissemination.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Endocarditis/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Australia , Humanos , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/patogenicidad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Filogenia , Singapur/etnología , Virulencia , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaRESUMEN
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) was originally described in menstruating women and linked to TSS toxin 1 (TSST-1)-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Using UK national surveillance data, we ascertained clinical, molecular and superantigenic characteristics of TSS cases. Average annual TSS incidence was 0.07/100,000 population. Patients with nonmenstrual TSS were younger than those with menstrual TSS but had the same mortality rate. Children <16 years of age accounted for 39% of TSS cases, most caused by burns and skin and soft tissue infections. Nonmenstrual TSS is now more common than menstrual TSS in the UK, although both types are strongly associated with the tst+ clonal complex (CC) 30 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus lineage, which accounted for 49.4% of all TSS and produced more TSST-1 and superantigen bioactivity than did tst+ CC30 methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. Better understanding of this MSSA lineage and infections in children could focus interventions to prevent TSS in the future.
Asunto(s)
Epidemiología Molecular , Choque Séptico/epidemiología , Choque Séptico/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Enterotoxinas/genética , Enterotoxinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Vigilancia de la Población , Estudios Retrospectivos , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Superantígenos/genética , Superantígenos/metabolismo , Reino Unido/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
We found that 20 (10.6%) of 188 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media in Angola were co-colonized with fluoroquinolone-resistant Alcaligenes faecalis, commonly found in birds. A likely explanation for our findings was the use of bird feces by residents as a traditional remedy to prevent ear secretions caused by primary ear infection.