Effects of Floium ginkgo extract and tertram ethypyrazine sodium chloride injection on expression of inflammatory cytokines and cerebral infarction.

This experiment was carried out to observe and analyze the effect of floium ginkgo extract and tertram ethypyrazine sodium chloride injection in patients with cerebral infarction. A total of 200 patients diagnosed with cerebral infarction were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into a research group and control group, each containing 100 patients. The control group was given routine treatment measures while the research group was given floium ginkgo extract and tertram ethypyrazine sodium chloride injection on the basis of routine treatment. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed and compared. After implementing different treatment schemes, the levels of MMP-9, SOD, CBV and CBF in the research group were significantly higher than those in the control group, p<0.05. The research group was lower in hs-CRP, MDA, MTT, TTP and TNF-α as compared with the control group, p<0.05. In terms of the quality of life of the two groups after six months of treatment, the scores of various indicators in the research group were all significantly superior, p<0.05. Conclusion: The treatment of cerebral infarction patients with floium ginkgo extract and tertram ethypyrazine sodium chloride injection can significantly improve the therapeutic effect, which is a relatively ideal treatment.

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a dry extract obtained from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. (ginkgo extract) for horses, dogs, cats, rabbits and guinea pigs (FEFANA asbl).

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a feed additive obtained from the dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. (ginkgo extract) when used as a sensory additive in feed for horses, dogs, cats, rabbits and guinea pigs. Ginkgo extract contains ≥ 24% total flavonoids, ≥ 6% total terpene lactones and ≤ 1 mg/kg ginkgolic acids. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concluded that ginkgo extract is safe for the target species at the following concentrations in complete feed: 2.8 mg/kg for horses and cats, 1.1 mg/kg for rabbits and guinea pigs, and 3.3 mg/kg for dogs. No safety concern would arise for the consumers from the use of ginkgo extract up to the highest level in feed which is considered safe for food-producing species (horses and rabbits). The additive should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes, and as a dermal and respiratory sensitiser. The use of the additive at the proposed level in feed for the target species is not considered to be a risk to the environment. While the available data indicate that Ginkgo preparations have a distinctive flavour profile, there is no evidence that the ginkgo extract would impart flavour to a food or feed matrix. Therefore, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the efficacy of the additive.

Adulteration of Ginkgo biloba products and a simple method to improve its detection.

Extracts of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) leaf are widely available worldwide in herbal medicinal products, dietary supplements, botanicals and complementary medicines, and several pharmacopoeias contain monographs for ginkgo leaf, leaf extract and finished products. Being a high-value botanical commodity, ginkgo extracts may be the subject of economically motivated adulteration. We analysed eight ginkgo leaf retail products purchased in Australia and Denmark and found compelling evidence of adulteration with flavonol aglycones in three of these. The same three products also contained genistein, an isoflavone that does not occur in ginkgo leaf. Although the United States Pharmacopeia - National Formulary (USP-NF) and the British and European Pharmacopoeias stipulate a required range for flavonol glycosides in ginkgo extract, the prescribed assays quantify flavonol aglycones. This means that these pharmacopoeial methods are not capable of detecting adulteration of ginkgo extract with free flavonol aglycones. We propose a simple modification of the USP-NF method that addresses this problem: by assaying for flavonol aglycones pre and post hydrolysis the content of flavonol glycosides can be accurately estimated via a simple calculation. We also recommend a maximum limit be set for free flavonol aglycones in ginkgo extract.