Impact of COVID-19 on Academic Burnout among Medical College Students in China: Findings from a Web-Based Survey.

BACKGROUND Academic burnout can affect students' academic behavior and performance and especially damages the careers of medical college students. Medical education systems during the COVID-19 pandemic have met unprecedented challenges that have influenced medical students. This study aimed to explore the effects of psychological resilience, stress, and smartphone addiction on academic burnout among Chinese medical students. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study utilized a cross-sectional design, from March 13, 2022 to March 31, 2022, within the Wannan Medical College, where students completed a web-based survey. The Chinese version of the Academic Burnout Scale (ABS), the 10-item Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) were used in this survey. Data entry and analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 22.0. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to examine the correlations between medical college students' academic burnout and smartphone addiction and mental health. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the factors influencing academic burnout. RESULTS Of 3190 medical college students who completed the survey, 1521 (47.7%) had some degree of academic burnout. Gender, being a student leader, grades, perceived stress, and smartphone addiction were associated with the total score of academic burnout. Psychological resilience and adapting to online classes were protective factors against academic burnout. CONCLUSIONS Academic burnout is common among medical college students in China after the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is urgent to address this situation to improve the quality of medical education.

Burnout and its determinants among anaesthesia care providers in Switzerland: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

The escalating epidemic of burnout in healthcare professionals affects provider well-being, patient care and sustainability of healthcare systems. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout among anaesthesia care providers (consultants, trainees or nurse anaesthetists) in Switzerland and identify risk factors to develop strategies for prevention. This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted at 22 anaesthesia departments in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, using an online questionnaire. Burnout assessment was performed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Additionally, the questionnaire included questions on workplace and personal risk factors. Of 1630 anaesthesia care providers contacted, 688 (42%) completed the survey. Among respondents who specified their work positions (n = 676), 52% (149/287) of nurses and 59% (229/389) of physicians were at high risk of burnout; and 9% (26/287) of nurses and 18% (70/389) of physicians met the criteria for burnout syndrome. Logistic regression analysis found significant associations between burnout and perceived lack of support at work among physicians (odds ratio (95%CI) 2.66 (1.40-5.24), p = 0.004); being a trainee in the 1st and 2nd year of training (2.91 (1.14-7.41), p = 0.024); being a trainee with > 5 years of experience (2.78 (1.08-6.98), p = 0.031); and male gender among nurses (4.13 (1.62-11.2), p = 0.004) and physicians (2.32 (1.22-4.47), p = 0.011). Work-related errors due to high workload or fatigue were reported by 65% (444/688) and consideration of leaving the profession due to working conditions was expressed by 46% (319/688) of respondents. Anaesthetic care providers in German-speaking Switzerland experience a considerable prevalence of burnout, influenced mainly by workplace factors.

Factors associated with burnout among frontline nurses in the post-COVID-19 epidemic era: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the risk of burnout among frontline nurses. However, the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors in the post-pandemic era remain unclear. This research aims to investigate burnout prevalence among frontline nurses in the post-pandemic period and pinpoint associated determinants in China. METHODS: From April to July 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out across multiple centers, focusing on frontline nurses who had been actively involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collection was done via an online platform. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was utilized to evaluate symptoms of burnout. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to pinpoint factors associated with burnout. RESULTS: Of the 2210 frontline nurses who participated, 75.38% scored over the cut-off for burnout. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that factors like being female [odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.29-0.58] and exercising 1-2 times weekly[OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.42-0.67] were protective factors against burnout. Conversely, having 10 or more night shifts per month[OR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.39-2.84], holding a master's degree or higher[OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.59-5.15], poor health status[OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.93-3.08] and [OR = 2.82, 95%CI = 1.80-4.43], under virus infection[OR = 7.12, 95%CI = 2.10-24.17], and elevated work-related stress[OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.17-2.00] were all associated with an elevated risk of burnout. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that post-pandemic burnout among frontline nurses is influenced by several factors, including gender, monthly night shift frequency, academic qualifications, weekly exercise frequency, health condition, and viral infection history. These insights can inform interventions aimed at safeguarding the mental well-being of frontline nurses in the post-pandemic period.

Burnout and perceived stress among Italian physical therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

High levels of burnout and psychological distress have been reported for healthcare workers, with seemingly worse outcomes after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, to date, scarce evidence has been gathered about the condition of physical therapists. This cross-sectional study investigated the three burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and assessed perceived stress with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in a sample of Italian physical therapists with the aim of examining the relationships between these variables and demographic and work-related factors. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 671 professionals from the whole nation and associations between burnout, perceived stress, and work-related variables were investigated with descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Overall, 25% of the participants showed high burnout risk (40% scored high on emotional exhaustion, 36% scored high on depersonalization, and 19% scored low on personal accomplishment), whereas 50% reported high levels of perceived stress. Having been exposed to verbal or physical aggressive behaviors at work (OR = 4.06) was associated with high burnout risk, and participants at risk were significantly younger than those showing no burnout risk (d = 0.27). Having a partner (OR = 0.54) and having children (OR = 0.56) were associated on the other hand with reduced burnout risk. Regression models identified weekly working hours (ß = 0.16), exposure to aggressive behaviors at work (ß = 0.12), and perceived stress (ß = 0.66) as significant predictors of emotional exhaustion, gender (ß = 0.18), exposure to aggressive behaviors (ß = 0.09), and perceived stress (ß = 0.37) as predictors of depersonalization, and gender (ß=-0.1) and perceived stress (ß=-0.35) as predictors of personal accomplishment.In summary, this study found high rates of burnout and psychological distress among Italian physical therapists a year after the outbreak of COVID-19. Significant relations were found between burnout, psychological distress, and both socio-demographic and work-related variables.

Associations between parenting burnout and maternal adverse childhood experiences among postnatal women.

This study aims at exploring the relationships between adverse childhood experience (ACEs) and parental burnout. A total of 583 postnatal Chinese mothers were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Maternal ACEs were measured by Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire-Revised and parental burnout was measured by Parental Burnout Assessment. Multiple linear and binary logistic regression, and latent class analysis were used to explore the association between each type and cumulative ACEs and parental burnout. We found ACEs were associated with a higher risk of parental burnout. However, the association differed in the type of ACEs. The higher levels of physical abuse (B = 0.971 ~ 0.459, all p < 0.05) and emotional neglect (B = 1.010 ~ 1.407, all p < 0.05) in childhood were correlated with more serious parental burnout. The higher levels of self-threatened (B = 0.429 ~ 0.559, all p < 0.05) and self-deprived experience (B = 0.384 ~ 0.462, all p < 0.05), higher number of ACEs type (B = 2.909 ~ 3.918, all p < 0.05) were associated with more serious parental burnout. Results were consistent after combining four dimensions of parental burnout as a whole in LCA. This study indicated that maternal ACEs were associated with parental burnout. Women with self-deprived, self-threatened and more types of ACEs should be paid special attention.

Differentiating 'pure' and comorbid self-identified burnout: Diagnostic and management implications.

OBJECTIVE: A previous study identified categorically differing scores on the Sydney Burnout Measure (SBM) between individuals with self-identified burnout with (n = 354) or without (n = 188) a history of mental illness. The current study examined whether the SBM's validity held in both scenarios. METHOD: The factorial structure and scores on the SBM measure were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Similar underlying symptom constructs were identified. The group with a mental illness history had higher general factor scores, suggesting more severe burnout. The group without such a history (and thus a 'purer' burnout state) had higher scores on the empathy loss factor, suggesting its greater specificity to burnout than to other psychological states. CONCLUSIONS: Burnout appears to be experienced similarly by those with and without a mental illness history as measured by the SBM.

Is There a Burnout Epidemic among Medical Students? Results from a Systematic Review.

Background and Objectives: Medical students represent the ideal target group for promoting mental health and mental wellbeing, being exposed to specific risk factors, such as the content of medical training, the exposure to sickness and death, and a stressful academic routine. Medical students report high levels of cynicism and emotional exhaustion, which represent two of the essential features of burnout syndrome. In this systematic review, studies assessing the levels of burnout among medical students through validated tools worldwide were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A systematic review has been performed in order to identify studies: (1) focusing on samples of medical students; (2) evaluating burnout syndrome using validated tools; (3) providing prevalence data on burnout; and (4) written in English. Results: Out of the 5547 papers initially obtained, 64 were finally included in the analysis. The sample sizes ranged from 51 to 2682 participants. Almost all studies had a cross-sectional design; the Maslach Burnout Inventory and its related versions were the most frequently used assessment tools. The prevalence of burnout, which was stratified based on gender and academic stage, ranged from 5.6 to 88%. Burnout was mostly predicted by thoughts of stopping medical education, negative life events, lack of support, dissatisfaction, and poor motivation. Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout syndrome in medical students is quite heterogeneous, reaching a peak of 88% in some countries. However, several predictors have been identified, including negative life events or poor motivation. These findings highlight the need to develop preventive interventions targeting the future generation of medical doctors, in order to improve their coping strategies and resilience styles.

Depression and burnout among Chinese nurses during COVID-19 pandemic: a mediation and moderation analysis model among frontline nurses and nonfrontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses' workload increased dramatically, and nurses faced the risk of infection and multiple ethical dilemmas. In such a situation, nurse burnout was elevated, which tended to exacerbate depression in nurses. Although previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between burnout and depression among nurses, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, environmental factors are also essential to a person's psychological health. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the potential mechanisms of depression caused by nurse burnout and whether burnout among frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated its effect on depression in nurses as an environmental factor. METHODS: A total of 4517 nurses were enrolled in this study. A moderated mediation model was established to investigate the relationship between burnout and positive coping styles, interpersonal relationships, and depression utilizing the SPSS PROCESS 3.3 macro. The direct effect of burnout on depression was also investigated with the moderated mediation model. RESULTS: The indirect effects of positive coping styles (ß = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.04) and interpersonal relationships (ß = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.13) were revealed. Being a frontline nurse caring for COVID-19 patients moderated the direct effect of burnout on depression (ß = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.16). CONCLUSION: This study offers strong evidence for the mediating role of positive coping styles and interpersonal relationships in the relationship between nurse burnout and depression, in addition to illustrating the need for more psychological support for frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients.

Depression, anxiety, and burnout among psychiatrists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China.

BACKGROUND: With the rise of reported mental disorders and behavioral issues after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, psychiatrists and mental health care are urgently needed more than ever before. The psychiatric career carries a high emotional burden and stressful demands, which bring issues on psychiatrists' mental health and well-being into question. To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and work burnout among psychiatrists in Beijing during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 6 to January 30, 2022, two years after COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic. Recruitment was performed using a convenience sample approach by sending online questionnaires to psychiatrists in Beijing. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and burnout were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). The perceived stress and social support were measured by the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), respectively. RESULTS: The data of 564 psychiatrists (median [interquartile range] age, 37 [30-43] years old) of all 1532 in Beijing were included in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and burnout were 33.2% (95% CI, 29.3-37.1%, PHQ-9 ≥ 5), 25.4% (95% CI, 21.8-29.0%, GAD-7 ≥ 5) and 40.6% (95% CI, 36.5-44.7%, MBI-GS ≥ 3 in each of the three subdimensions), respectively. The psychiatrist with a higher score on perceived stress was more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratios [ORs]: 4.431 [95%CI, 2.907-6.752]); the anxiety symptoms (adjusted ORs: 8.280 [95%CI, 5.255-13.049]), and the burnout conditions (adjusted ORs: 9.102 [95%CI, 5.795-14.298]). Receiving high social support was an independent protective factor against symptoms of depression (adjusted ORs: 0.176 [95%CI, [0.080-0.386]), anxiety (adjusted ORs: 0.265 [95%CI, 0.111-0.630]) and burnout (adjusted ORs: 0.319 [95%CI, 0.148-0.686]). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest a considerable proportion of psychiatrists also suffer from depression, anxiety, and burnout. Perceived stress and social support influence depression, anxiety, and burnout. For public health, we must work together to reduce the pressure and increase social support to mitigate mental health risks in psychiatrists.

A tale of two cities: Chinese mothers' parental burnout and parenting behaviors in Shanghai and Nanning.

PURPOSE: Parental burnout is a psychological syndrome that develops in response to the chronic stressors in one's role as a parent. It can be detrimental to the health and wellbeing of both parents and children and has been empirically proven to result in more negative parenting behaviours. Based on recent research, parental burnout is more prevalent in individualistic cultures. Considering that parenting norms and practices vary greatly across cultures, there could be different effects of parental burnout on parenting practices in different areas. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between parental burnout and parenting behaviours in Shanghai and Nanning, two cities in China that differ in the extent to which they have been exposed to the cultural influence of Western individualism, and to examine the moderating effect of city on these relationship patterns. METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-eight mothers in Shanghai and 180 mothers in Nanning took part in the survey. RESULTS: On average, mothers in Shanghai had more severe parental burnout than their counterparts in Nanning. Furthermore, parental burnout was associated with positive parenting behaviours (i.e., parental warmth) and negative parenting behaviours (i.e., parental hostility and neglect), and the associations between parental burnout and negative parenting behaviours in Nanning were greater than in Shanghai. CONCLUSIONS: These results can be explained by cultural differences in individualism and collectivism between Shanghai and Nanning. This study extends the knowledge on the role of culture in shaping parental roles.

The high cost of healing and teaching: a cross-sectional survey of burnout among academic physicians in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Globally, the medical and teaching professions are two major professions with the highest prevalence of burnout, and academic physicians bestride the two professions. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of burnout among academic physicians working in tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: This was a self-administered online survey. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators (MBI-ES) on Google Form and sent to 256 academic physicians in tertiary hospitals across Nigeria using the WhatsApp broadcast feature. MBI-ES was categorized into two categories (Burnout and No Burnout), and binary logistic regression was used to test the influence of 13 predictors on the three dimensions of MBI-ES as well as MBI in its entirety. FINDINGS: A total of 155 academic physicians responded, resulting in a response rate of 60.5%. There were 121 (80.7%) males and 29 (19.3%) females (five cases respondents omitted this detail). Eighty-seven respondents exhibited moderate to high burnout in at least one of the dimensions of the MBI, translating to a prevalence rate of 57.7% in our study. Five variables, number of peer reviewed articles published, hours of weekly teaching, enjoyment of academic writing, apathy to teaching and religion were all significantly associated with burnout. Moderate to high emotional exhaustion was reported by 30.8% (45 respondents), moderate to high depersonalization by 5.5% (8 respondents),, and low to moderate personal accomplishment by 43.5% (67 respondents).Eight variables: religion, geopolitical zone of practice, enjoyment of academic writing, apathy toward teaching, university ownership, number of published peer-reviewed articles, salary, and supplementary income were significantly associated with emotional exhaustion, while the number of weeks spent teaching in a year and teaching hours/week were significantly associated with depersonalization and personal accomplishment, respectively. Age (OR 1.302, CI 1.080-1.570), Teaching hours/week (OR 0.924, CI 0.854-0.999), Salary (OR 0.996, CI 0.993-1.0), and supplementary salary (OR 0.996, CI 0.993-0.999) were found to significantly predict emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION: The study reveals a high prevalence of burnout (57.7%) among academic physicians in Nigeria, highlighting an urgent need for targeted interventions and policy changes. Given the significant role these professionals play in healthcare and medical education, immediate action is essential to address this issue. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures and exploring the long-term impacts of burnout.

Investigation of the Level of Burnout in Health Care Professionals in COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to high levels of stress and anxiety for health care professionals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the burnout of health care professionals in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Quantitative research was performed, and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to study burnout. The research sample consisted of 360 health care professionals. Health professionals have been found to have fairly high levels of personal burnout, work burnout, and burnout associated with patient interactions. It has also been found that women and health professionals working in department for patients with COVID-19 have significantly greater burnout. However, it was found that age, marital status, years of service, specialty, non-basic degree, and whether they or a first-degree relative had COVID-19 were not correlated to burnout. Given the very high level of burnout among health professionals, it is necessary to develop appropriate strategies to reduce burnout.

Factors associated with academic burnout and its prevalence among university students: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the current state of academic burnout among Chinese college students and its influencing factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 22,983 students was conducted using structured questionnaires and the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey on sociodemographic characteristics, educational process, and personal aspects. Multiple variables were statistically evaluated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The total score of the students' academic burnout was 40.73 (± 10.12) points. The scores for the reduced personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, and cynicism were 23.63 (± 6.55), 11.20 (± 6.05), and 5.91 (± 5.31), respectively. Students with academic burnout accounted for 59.9% (13,753/22,983). Male students had higher burnout scores than female students, upper-grade students had higher burnout scores than lower-grade students, and students who smoked had higher burnout than non-smokers during the school day. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of students experienced academic burnout. Gender, grade, monthly living expenses, smoking, parents' education level, study and life pressures, and the current degree of professional knowledge interest significantly impacted academic burnout. An effective wellness program and an annual long-term burnout assessment may sufficiently reduce student burnout.

Assessment of burnout level among clinical dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak has caused especially health workers to face mental and physical problems all over the world. The aim of this study is to evaluate burnout, stress perception and perceived social support levels of clinical (the fourth and fifth year) dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The Sociodemographic Information Form (SIF), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Sense of Coherence-13 (SoC-13), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used for data. Questionnaires were answered directly or online by the participants. RESULTS: A total of 211 participants, 67.8% were female, 32.2% were male. Of these, 96.2% were aged 20-24 years, 84.4% were nuclear family, 11.8% were extended family, and 3.8% were blended family, and 91.5% were willingly for dentistry choice. Based on the results; the total burnout score indicated moderate burnout (41.99 ± 9.94), the SoC-13 scale indicated a strong sense of coherence (55.24 ± 7.21), the PSS-10 score (22.44 ± 3.44) indicated moderate perceived stress and the MSPSS score (65.92 ± 13.22) indicated high perceived social support. A positive correlation was found between perceived stress and burnout. Based on the personal accomplishment subscale; females, those living in extended family, and those who unwillingly choose dentistry among the clinical dental students had higher intense burnout (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrated that clinical dental students were affected by the emotional stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. In the education of dentistry faculties, it would be appropriate to carry out comprehensive studies on adaptation to the changing living conditions with the COVID-19 pandemic and taking the necessary measures for the psychological distress caused by the difficulties experienced.

Burnout among university students during distance learning period due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study at the University of Jordan.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a deviation from classical face-to-face learning to distance learning. Few studies examined burnout among university students during the distance learning period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study that aims to investigate the prevalence of burnout among university students during distance learning and the factors associated with it. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at the University of Jordan. The modified version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for students (MBI-SS) was used to assess burnout. RESULTS: The total number of participants was 587 and the mean total of MBI-SS score was 63.34 ± 8.85. Based on the MBI-SS definition, 6.6% of the study participants were found to have symptoms of burnout. Practicing hobbies, level of satisfaction with distance learning, and thoughts about quitting courses were significant predictors of burnout. CONCLUSION: This study showed a relatively low prevalence of burnout among students during the distance learning period with several factors associated with it. As a result, identifying these factors will help both students and educational institutions to implement strategies that are needed for the primary and secondary prevention of burnout.

Associations between COVID-19 mental impact and distress, resilience, burnout and well-being in Hong Kong community adults: A structural equation model.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses substantial risks to individuals' physical and mental health and prolonged psychological responses to the pandemic could lead to emotional exhaustion. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of COVID-19 related mental impact and distress in the relationship among resilience, burnout, and well-being. The present study recruited 500 community adults (mean age = 38.8 years, SD = 13.9; 76% females) in Hong Kong via an online survey in autumn 2021. The participants completed the Mental Impact and Distress Scale: COVID-19 (MIDc) and validated measures on resilience, burnout, and well-being. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the MIDc. Direct and indirect effects of resilience on burnout and well-being via MIDc were examined via structural equation modeling. Confirmatory factor analysis supported factorial validity for the three factors of MIDc (situational impact, anticipation, and modulation). Resilience showed negative effects on the MIDc (ß = -0.69, SE = 0.04, p < 0.01) and burnout (ß = 0.23, SE = 0.06, p < 0.01). Burnout was positively associated with MIDc (ß = 0.63, SE = 0.06, p < 0.01) and negatively associated with well-being (ß = -0.47, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01). Resilience showed a significant and positive indirect effect (αßγ = 0.203, 95% CI = 0.131 to 0.285) on well-being via MIDc and burnout. The results support a potential mediating role for MIDc as psychological responses in the relationship among resilience and burnout and well-being.

Instruments for assessing health workers' burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health workers' workload is increasing, with the risk of burnout. Several instruments for assessing burnout have been developed since the concept was coined in the 1970s. It is important to map and describe the application of burnout instruments for health workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic situation. AIMS: This article aimed to map and describe what instruments are used and variations of their application to research burnout in health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This scoping review searched articles systematically through 7 databases (PubMed, Clinical Key, Scopus, EBSCOhost, APA PsycINFO, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library). Articles were screened and analyzed following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. RESULTS: From 507 results, 31 peer-reviewed articles were selected. These studies involved 33,879 participants from various health professions. Generally, the research instrument is still dominated by Maslach Burnout Inventory. Applications of burnout measurements vary widely because there is no consensus on the concept of burnout assessment. CONCLUSION: Inconsistency in burnout-measuring tools can be seen as providing flexibility and alternatives, but at the same time, it is a gap that challenges researchers to develop more comprehensive instruments, especially for the burnout phenomenon in health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DEPRESSION, RESILIENCE AND INTOLERANCE OF UNCERTAINTY: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF RUMINATION AND COVID-19 BURNOUT.

BACKGROUND: This study aims at investigating the mediating role of rumination and COVID-19 burnout in the relationship among depression, resilience and intolerance of uncertainty. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is a correlational study. The study sample is composed of 436 (F=259, M=177) Turkish university students recruited via convenience sampling method. The participants responded to the Depression Scale, COVID-19 Burnout Scale, Rumination Scale, Resilience Scale and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale face to face. The model that was developed within the scope of the current study was tested via path analysis, which is a technique of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). RESULTS: The study findings show that resilience and intolerance of uncertainty predict depression and rumination at a statistically significant level. Moreover, rumination directly predicts COVID-19 burnout, while COVID-19 burnout predicts depression. On the other hand, indirect effect modelling shows that resilience predicts depression with the mediating effect of rumination and COVID-19 burnout at a statistically significant level. Lastly, intolerance of uncertainty predicts depression with the mediating effect of rumination and COVID-19 burnout at a statistically significant level. CONCLUSION: The current findings suggest that an increase in the level of intolerance of uncertainty and a decrease in the level of resilience increase rumination, which in turn increases depression by increasing COVID-19 burnout.

A cross-sectional national study of burnout and psychosocial work environment in vascular surgery in Denmark.

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about burnout among European vascular surgeons (VSs). In this study, the prevalence of burnout and its associated risk factors were investigated among all VSs and vascular surgeons in training (VSTs) in Denmark. METHODS: An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to all clinical active VSs and VSTs on January 1, 2020. Validated assessment tools were used to measure burnout and aspects of the psychosocial work environment. RESULTS: A total of 104 VSs and VSTs were invited to participate, and 82% (n = 85) completed the survey. The majority of the respondents were male (60%; n = 50) and VSs (67%; n = 61). Of the respondents, 82% (n = 70) reported either light (54%; n = 46), moderate (22%; n = 19), or severe (6%; n = 5) personal burnout. More than 50% (n = 47) reported work-related burnout, light (39%; n = 33), moderate (9%; n = 8), and severe (7%; n = 6), respectively, whereas 35% (n = 30) reported patient-related burnout, light (31%; n = 26), moderate (2%; n = 2), and severe (2%; n = 2), respectively. Respondents with more than four 24-hour on-call shifts per month had significantly higher work-related burnout scores, whereas respondents with home-living children and those aged 45 to 59 years showed significantly higher personal and patient-related burnout, respectively. There were strong associations between personal and work-related burnout and the psychosocial work environment, especially work organization and interpersonal relations, but not job demands. The prevalence of burnout was unevenly distributed across departments, with the most affected department having a burnout occurrence twice the least affected department. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a national survey conducted among all clinical active VSs and VSTs in Denmark, more than 80% (n = 70) suffered from burnout, of whom 28% (n = 24) suffered from moderate to severe personal burnout. The strong association with the psychosocial work environment, and the significant differences between departments, suggest that burnout is modifiable through changes in the work environment.

The global prevalence of burnout among general practitioners: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Burnout among general practitioners (GPs) has attracted the attention of more and more researchers. An adequate understanding the prevalence and related factors of burnout to prevent and reduce burnout is necessary. This study systematically measured the global prevalence of burnout among GPs. METHODS: Eligible original studies were identified from the PubMed, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline (R), and Web of science databases. We searched the full-time period available for each database, up to 30 September 2021. The adjusted prevalence rate was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated via subgroup analyses and meta-regression. RESULTS: A total of 16 cross-sectional studies with 7,595 participants were included. The pooled burnout rate showed 37%, 28%, and 26% of general GPs suffer from high emotional exhaustion (EE), high depersonalization (DP), and low personal exhaustion (PA), respectively. Groups comparisons found that high EE, high DP, and low PA rate data obtained from 2001 to 2009, high DP rate data obtained from Europe, low PA rate data obtained from high-quality studies had much higher rates. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the prevalence of burnout in the GPs and alert health managers to tailor their strategies to retain this community. Targeted initiatives are needed to provide adequate GPs' well-being and maintain primary health care.