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1.
J Infect Dis ; 230(1): 103-108, 2024 Jul 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39052697

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study compared trends in norovirus cases to determine whether chief complaint-based emergency department (ED) visit data could reflect trends of norovirus in Korea. METHODS: The ED visits from the National Emergency Department Information System database and the weekly reported number of noroviruses from the sentinel surveillance system were collected between August 2017 and December 2020. The correlation between weekly norovirus cases and weekly ED visits considering the chief complaint and discharge diagnosis code was estimated using a 3-week moving average. RESULTS: In total, 6 399 774 patients with chief complaints related to digestive system disease visited an ED. A higher correlation between reported norovirus cases and ED visit with chief complaint of vomiting and discharge diagnosis code of gastroenteritis and colitis of unspecified origin or other and unspecified gastroenteritis and colitis of infectious origin was observed (R = 0.88, P < .0001). The correlation was highest for the age group 0-4 years (R = 0.89, P < .0001). However, no correlation was observed between the reported norovirus cases and the number of ED visits with norovirus identified as a discharge diagnosis code. CONCLUSIONS: ED visit data considering a combination of chief complaints and discharged diagnosis code would be useful for early detection of infectious disease trends.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Caliciviridae , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Gastroenteritis , Norovirus , Humanos , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/diagnóstico , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Preescolar , Lactante , República de Corea/epidemiología , Adulto , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Vigilancia de Guardia , Recién Nacido
2.
J Infect Dis ; 230(1): e75-e79, 2024 Jul 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39052701

RESUMEN

To evaluate how breakthrough rotavirus disease contributes to transmission, we examined the impact of rotavirus vaccination on fecal shedding and duration of illness. We used multivariable linear regression to analyze rotavirus quantity by RT-qPCR and duration among 184 episodes of rotavirus diarrhea positive by ELISA in the PROVIDE study. Vaccinated children had less fecal viral shedding compared to unvaccinated children (mean difference = -0.59 log copies per gram of stool; 95% confidence interval [CI], -.99 to -.19). Duration of illness was on average 0.47 days (95% CI, -.23 to 1.17 days) shorter among vaccinated children. Rotarix vaccination reduces shedding burden among breakthrough cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Clinical Trials Registration . NCT01375647.


Asunto(s)
Heces , Infecciones por Rotavirus , Vacunas contra Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Vacunas Atenuadas , Esparcimiento de Virus , Humanos , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Lactante , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Rotavirus/inmunología , Heces/virología , Femenino , Masculino , Vacunas Atenuadas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/prevención & control , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Vacunación , Diarrea/virología , Diarrea/prevención & control , Diarrea/epidemiología , Administración Oral
3.
Gut ; 73(9): 1431-1440, 2024 Aug 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39013599

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Disorders of gut-brain interaction may arise after acute gastroenteritis. Data on the influence of pathogen type on the risk of postinfection IBS (PI-IBS), as on postinfection functional dyspepsia (PI-FD), are limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine prevalence of PI-IBS or PI-FD after acute gastroenteritis. DESIGN: We included observational studies recruiting ≥50 adults and reporting prevalence of IBS or FD after acute gastroenteritis with ≥3-month follow-up. A random effects model was used to estimate prevalence and ORs with 95% CIs. RESULTS: In total, 47 studies (28 170 subjects) were eligible. Overall prevalence of PI-IBS and PI-FD were 14.5% and 12.7%, respectively. IBS persisted in 39.8% of subjects in the long-term (>5 years follow-up) after diagnosis. Individuals experiencing acute gastroenteritis had a significantly higher odds of IBS (OR 4.3) and FD (OR 3.0) than non-exposed controls. PI-IBS was most associated with parasites (prevalence 30.1%), but in only two studies, followed by bacteria (18.3%) and viruses (10.7%). In available studies, Campylobacter was associated with the highest PI-IBS prevalence (20.7%) whereas Proteobacteria and SARS-CoV-2 yielded the highest odds for PI-IBS (both OR 5.4). Prevalence of PI-FD was 10.0% for SARS-CoV-2 and 13.6% for bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae 19.4%). CONCLUSION: In a large systematic review and meta-analysis, 14.5% of individuals experiencing acute gastroenteritis developed PI-IBS and 12.7% PI-FD, with greater than fourfold increased odds for IBS and threefold for FD. Proinflammatory microbes, including Proteobacteria and subcategories, and SARS-CoV-2, may be associated with the development of PI-IBS and PI-FD.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Dispepsia , Gastroenteritis , Síndrome del Colon Irritable , Humanos , Enfermedad Aguda , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/virología , Dispepsia/epidemiología , Dispepsia/microbiología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/complicaciones , Gastroenteritis/microbiología , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/epidemiología , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/microbiología , Prevalencia , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación
4.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(1): 163-167, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38063078

RESUMEN

We detected a novel GII.4 variant with an amino acid insertion at the start of epitope A in viral protein 1 of noroviruses from the United States, Gabon, South Africa, and the United Kingdom collected during 2017-2022. Early identification of GII.4 variants is crucial for assessing pandemic potential and informing vaccine development.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Caliciviridae , Gastroenteritis , Norovirus , Humanos , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Norovirus/genética , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , Genotipo , Pandemias , Filogenia
5.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(11): 2438-2441, 2024 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39447203

RESUMEN

Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and imposes a substantial disease burden. In California, USA, norovirus surveillance is limited. We evaluated correlations between wastewater norovirus concentrations and available public health surveillance data. Wastewater surveillance for norovirus genotype GII in California provided timely, localized, and actionable data for public health authorities.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Caliciviridae , Gastroenteritis , Norovirus , Aguas Residuales , Norovirus/genética , California/epidemiología , Aguas Residuales/virología , Humanos , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/virología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Genotipo
6.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(1): 194-197, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38147526

RESUMEN

Acute gastroenteritis associated with human norovirus infection was reported in Phuket, Thailand, in June 2023. We amplified GII.8[P8] from the outbreak stool specimens. Retrospective sample analysis identified infrequent GII.8[P8] in the country beginning in 2018. In all, the 10 whole-genome GII.8[P8] sequences from Thailand we examined had no evidence of genotypic recombination.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Caliciviridae , Gastroenteritis , Norovirus , Humanos , Norovirus/genética , Tailandia/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Heces , Filogenia , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Genotipo , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología
7.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(6): 1240-1244, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38782018

RESUMEN

A 2022 canine gastroenteritis outbreak in the United Kingdom was associated with circulation of a new canine enteric coronavirus closely related to a 2020 variant with an additional spike gene recombination. The variants are unrelated to canine enteric coronavirus-like viruses associated with human disease but represent a model for coronavirus population adaptation.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus , Brotes de Enfermedades , Enfermedades de los Perros , Gastroenteritis , Filogenia , Animales , Perros , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/virología , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Coronavirus Canino/genética , Coronavirus Canino/clasificación , Humanos , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/genética
8.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(5): 968-973, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38666613

RESUMEN

We conducted a large surveillance study among members of an integrated healthcare delivery system in Pacific Northwest of the United States to estimate medical costs attributable to medically attended acute gastroenteritis (MAAGE) on the day care was sought and during 30-day follow-up. We used multivariable regression to compare costs of MAAGE and non-MAAGE cases matched on age, gender, and index time. Differences accounted for confounders, including race, ethnicity, and history of chronic underlying conditions. Analyses included 73,140 MAAGE episodes from adults and 18,617 from children who were Kaiser Permanente Northwest members during 2014-2016. Total costs were higher for MAAGE cases relative to non-MAAGE comparators as were costs on the day care was sought and costs during follow-up. Costs of MAAGE are substantial relative to the cost of usual-care medical services, and much of the burden accrues during short-term follow-up.


Asunto(s)
Costo de Enfermedad , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud , Gastroenteritis , Costos de la Atención en Salud , Humanos , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/economía , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/economía , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Costos de la Atención en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Lactante , Anciano , Enfermedad Aguda/epidemiología , Historia del Siglo XXI
10.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(9): 1895-1902, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39174022

RESUMEN

We assessed the effect of rotavirus vaccination coverage on the number of inpatients with gastroenteritis of all ages in Japan. We identified patients admitted with all-cause gastroenteritis during 2011-2019 using data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system in Japan. We used generalized estimating equations with a Poisson distribution, using hospital codes as a cluster variable to estimate the impact of rotavirus vaccination coverage by prefecture on monthly numbers of inpatients with all-cause gastroenteritis. We analyzed 294,108 hospitalizations across 569 hospitals. Higher rotavirus vaccination coverage was associated with reduced gastroenteritis hospitalizations compared with the reference category of vaccination coverage <40% (e.g., for coverage >80%, adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.87 [95% CI 0.83-0.90]). Our results show that achieving higher rotavirus vaccination coverage among infants could benefit the entire population by reducing overall hospitalizations for gastroenteritis for all age groups.


Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis , Hospitalización , Infecciones por Rotavirus , Vacunas contra Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Cobertura de Vacunación , Humanos , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/prevención & control , Lactante , Japón/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/administración & dosificación , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Cobertura de Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Rotavirus/inmunología , Adulto , Niño , Adolescente , Recién Nacido , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Incidencia , Vacunación/estadística & datos numéricos , Historia del Siglo XXI
11.
J Gen Virol ; 105(6)2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38836747

RESUMEN

Historically, the Wa-like strains of human group A rotavirus (RVA) have been major causes of gastroenteritis. However, since the 2010s, the circulation of non-Wa-like strains has been increasingly reported, indicating a shift in the molecular epidemiology of RVA. Although understanding RVA evolution requires the analysis of both current and historical strains, comprehensive pre-1980's sequencing data are scarce globally. We determined the whole-genome sequences of representative strains from six RVA gastroenteritis outbreaks observed at an infant home in Sapporo, Japan, between 1981 and 1989. These outbreaks were mainly caused by G1 or G3 Wa-like strains, resembling strains from the United States in the 1970s-1980s and from Malawi in the 1990s. Phylogenetic analysis of these infant home strains, together with Wa-like strains collected worldwide from the 1970s to 2020, revealed a notable trend: pre-2010 strains diverged into multiple lineages in many genomic segments, whereas post-2010 strains tended to converge into a single lineage. However, Bayesian skyline plot indicated near-constant effective population sizes from the 1970s to 2020, and selection pressure analysis identified positive selection only at amino acid 75 of NSP2. These results suggest that evidence supporting the influence of rotavirus vaccines, introduced globally since 2006, on Wa-like RVA molecular evolution is lacking at present, and phylogenetic analysis may simply reflect natural fluctuations in RVA molecular evolution. Evaluating the long-term impact of RV vaccines on the molecular evolution of RVA requires sustained surveillance.


Asunto(s)
Evolución Molecular , Gastroenteritis , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Infecciones por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/clasificación , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/historia , Japón/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/historia , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Brotes de Enfermedades , Lactante , Genotipo , Epidemiología Molecular , Historia del Siglo XX
12.
Int J Med Microbiol ; 314: 151600, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38246091

RESUMEN

Human norovirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in all age groups. The virus is constantly and rapidly changing, allowing mutations and recombination events to create great diversity of circulating viruses. With the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, a wide range of public health measures were introduced worldwide to control human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In Germany, control measures such as distance rules, contact restrictions, personal protection equipment as well as intensive hand hygiene were introduced. To better understand the effect of the measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic on incidence and the molecular epidemiological dynamics of norovirus outbreaks in Germany, we analyzed national notification data between July 2017 and December 2022 and characterized norovirus sequences circulating between January 2018 and December 2022. Compared to a reference period before the pandemic, the incidence of notified norovirus gastroenteritis decreased by 89.7% to 9.6 per 100,000 during the 2020/2021 norovirus season, corresponding to an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.10. Samples from 539 outbreaks were genotyped in two regions of the viral genome from pre-pandemic (January 2018 to February 2020) and samples from 208 outbreaks during pandemic time period (March 2020 to December 2022). As expected, norovirus outbreaks were mainly found in child care facilities and nursing homes. In total, 36 genotypes were detected in the study period. A high proportion of recombinant strains (86%) was found in patients, the proportion of detected recombinant viruses did not vary between the pre-pandemic and pandemic phase. The proportion of the predominant recombinant strain GII.4 Sydney[P16] was unchanged before pandemic and during pandemic at 37.5%. The diversity of most common genotypes in nursing homes and child care facilities showed a different proportion of genotypes causing outbreaks. In nursing homes as well as in child care facilities GII.4 Sydney[P16] was predominant during the whole study period. Compared to the nursing homes, a greater variety of genotypes at the expense of GII.4 Sydney[P16] was detected in child care facilities. Furthermore, the overall proportion of recombinant strain GII.3[P12] increased during the pandemic, due to outbreaks in child care facilities. The COVID-19 pandemic had a high impact on the occurrence of sporadic cases and norovirus outbreaks in Germany, leading to a near suppression of the typical norovirus winter season following the start of the pandemic. The number of norovirus-associated outbreak samples sent to the Consultant Laboratory dropped by 63% during the pandemic. We could not identify a clear influence on circulating norovirus genotypes. The dominance of GII.4 Sydney recombinant strains was independent from the pandemic. Further studies are needed to follow up on the diversity of less predominant genotypes to see if the pandemic could have acted as a bottleneck to the spread of previously minoritized genotypes like GII.3[P12].


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Infecciones por Caliciviridae , Gastroenteritis , Norovirus , Humanos , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Norovirus/genética , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Genotipo , Brotes de Enfermedades , Filogenia
13.
J Med Virol ; 96(1): e29368, 2024 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38180381

RESUMEN

Group A rotavirus (RVA) is considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups, especially in children. We investigated the epidemiology of RVA in outpatients aged ≤ 16 years at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. In this study, 16.6% (246/1482) were infected with RVA. The detection rate of RVA was significantly higher in the year of 2021 (20.3%, 147/725) compared to the year of 2020 (14.5%, 77/531) and 2022 (9.7%, 22/226) (p = 0.000). RVA infection was prevalent in all seasons from 2020 to 2022, with a different monthly distribution observed in different years. Among 246 RVA-positive samples, 14 different RVA genotypes were detected with different frequencies. Overall, G9P[8] (45.5%, 112/246) was the most common RVA genotype, followed by G8P[8] (37.4%, 92/246) and G3P[8] (4.1%, 10/246). The prevalence of G/P combinations varied from 2020 to 2022. G9P[8] was the most prevalent circulating genotype in 2020 (68.2%, 15/22) and 2021 (57.8%, 85/147). However, G8P[8] (68.8%, 53/77) suddenly became the most prevalent genotype in 2022 after being first identified in 2020 and prevalent in 2021. The G8 strains detected in the study were all clustered to DS-1-like G8 strains with the closest genetic distance to strains circulating in Southeast Asia. Our study demonstrated the diversity of circulating RVA genotypes in Shanghai. The sudden emergence and high prevalence of unusual G8P[8] strains deserve more concern and indicate the need for continuous surveillance of RVA in children with AGE in the future to refine future vaccine strategy.


Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis , Rotavirus , Niño , Humanos , Rotavirus/genética , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Prevalencia , China/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología
14.
J Med Virol ; 96(4): e29565, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38558056

RESUMEN

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are generally highly species-specific; however, some strains infect across species. Feline RVAs sporadically infect humans, causing gastroenteritis. In 2012 and 2013, rectal swab samples were collected from 61 asymptomatic shelter cats at a public health center in Mie Prefecture, Japan, to investigate the presence of RVA and any association with human infections. The analysis identified G6P[9] strains in three cats and G3P[9] strains in two cats, although no feline RVA sequence data were available for the former. A whole-genome analysis of these G6P[9] strains identified the genotype constellation G6-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T3-E3-H3. The nucleotide identity among these G6P[9] strains exceeded 99.5% across all 11 gene segments, indicating the circulation of this G6P[9] strain among cats. Notably, strain RVA/Human-wt/JPN/KF17/2010/G6P[9], previously detected in a 3-year-old child with gastroenteritis, shares high nucleotide identity (>98%) with Mie20120017f, the representative G6P[9] strain in this study, across all 11 gene segments, confirming feline RVA infection and symptomatic presentation in this child. The VP7 gene of strain Mie20120017f also shares high nucleotide identity with other sporadically reported G6 RVA strains in humans. This suggests that feline-origin G6 strains as the probable source of these sporadic G6 RVA strains causing gastroenteritis in humans globally. Moreover, a feline-like human G6P[8] strain circulating in Brazil in 2022 was identified, emphasizing the importance of ongoing surveillance to monitor potential global human outbreaks of RVA.


Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis , Infecciones por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Gatos , Humanos , Animales , Preescolar , Rotavirus/genética , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Rotavirus/genética , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/veterinaria , Gastroenteritis/genética , Genotipo , Brotes de Enfermedades , Nucleótidos
15.
J Med Virol ; 96(1): e29344, 2024 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38149453

RESUMEN

Utilizing multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for rapid diagnosis of gastroenteritis, enables simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens. A comparative analysis of disease characteristics was conducted between cases with single and multiple viruses. Rotavirus vaccine was introduced in 2010, reaching a 70% coverage in 2 years. All rectal swabs collected from diarrheic children (<5 years) between December 2017 and March 2022 were included. Detection of the same viruses within 2 months was considered a single episode. Episodes with positive stool bacterial PCR were excluded. A total of 5879 samples were collected, revealing 86.9% (1509) with single virus detection and 13.1% (227) with multiple viruses. The most frequent combination was rotavirus and norovirus (27.8%), these infections followed a winter-spring seasonality akin to rotavirus. Children with multivirus infections exhibited higher immunodeficiency (OR 2.06) rates, but lower food allergy (OR 0.45) and prematurity rates (OR 0.55) compared to single infections. Greater disease severity, evaluated by the Vesikari score, was observed in multivirus episodes (p < 0.001, OR 1.12). Multivirus infections accounted for 13.1% of symptomatic cases in hospitalized young children. Despite vaccination efforts, rotavirus remained prominent, frequently in co-infections with norovirus. Overall, multivirus infections were linked to more severe diseases than single virus cases.


Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis , Norovirus , Infecciones por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Virus , Niño , Humanos , Lactante , Preescolar , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Gastroenteritis/diagnóstico , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Rotavirus/genética , Infecciones por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Virus/genética , Norovirus/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex , Técnicas y Procedimientos Diagnósticos , Heces
16.
J Med Virol ; 96(4): e29615, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38628102

RESUMEN

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is one of the causative viruses of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children worldwide. Species F is known to be enteric adenovirus (genotypes 40 and 41) detected in stool samples. In Japan, we conducted an epidemiological study and molecular characterization of HAdV before and after the COVID-19 pandemic from 2017 to 2023. Among 821 patients, HAdV was detected in 118 AGE cases (14.4%). During a period of 6 years, the HAdV detection rates for each year were relatively low at 3.7% and 0%, in 2017-2018, and 2020-2021, respectively. However, the detection rate increased to remarkably high rates, ranging from 13.3% to 27.3% in the other 4-year periods. Of these HAdV-positive strains, 83.1% were F41 genotypes and 16.9% were other genotypes (A31, B3, C1, C2/C6, and C5). Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the full-length hexon gene demonstrated that HAdV-F41 strains were comprised of three clades, and each clade was distributed across the study period from 2017 to 2023. Analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of the hexon gene of the representative HAdV-F41 strains from each clade revealed numerous amino acid substitutions across hypervariable regions (HVRs) from HVR-1 to HVR-7, two insertions in HVR-1 and HVR-7, and two deletions in HVR-1 and HVR-2 of the hexon gene compared to those of the prototype strain, particularly, those of clade 3 HAdV-F41 strains. The findings suggested that the HAdV-F41 of each clade was stable, conserved, and co-circulated for over two decades in Japan.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Adenoviridae , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos , Adenovirus Humanos , Gastroenteritis , Niño , Humanos , Adenoviridae/genética , Japón/epidemiología , Filogenia , Pandemias , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Adenovirus Humanos/genética , Infecciones por Adenoviridae/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiología
17.
J Med Virol ; 96(9): e29904, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39264064

RESUMEN

Sapovirus (SaV) infection is increasing worldwide. Herein, we provided evidence of a significant increase in SaV infection in Japan during 2010-2022, primarily due to the considerable (p = 0.0003) rise of the GI.1 genotype. Furthermore, we found that all major and minor SaV outbreaks in Japan, including the largest SaV outbreak in 2021-2022, were caused by the GI.1 genotype. Therefore, to get insight into the underlying molecular mechanism behind this rising trend of the SaV GI.1 type, we selected 15 SaV GI.1 outbreak strains for complete genome analysis through next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetically, our strains remained clustered in different branches in lineages I and II among the GI.1 genotype. We showed all amino acid (aa) substitutions in different open reading frames (ORFs) in these strains. Importantly, we have demonstrated that the strains involved in the largest SaV outbreak in Japan in 2021-2022 belonged to lineage II and possessed the third ORF. We have identified some unique aa mutations in these major outbreak strains in the NS1 and NS6-NS7 regions that are thought to be associated with viral pathogenicity, cell tropism, and epidemiological competence. Thus, in addition to enriching the database of SaV's complete sequences, this study provides insights into its important mutations.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Caliciviridae , Brotes de Enfermedades , Evolución Molecular , Genoma Viral , Genotipo , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Filogenia , Sapovirus , Sapovirus/genética , Sapovirus/clasificación , Sapovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/virología , Japón/epidemiología , Genoma Viral/genética , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Epidemiología Molecular , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , Mutación
18.
J Med Virol ; 96(6): e29761, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38924137

RESUMEN

Globally, Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old, with Pakistan having the highest rates of RVA-related morbidity and mortality. The current study aims to determine the genetic diversity of rotavirus and evaluate the impact of Rotarix-vaccine introduction on disease epidemiology in Pakistan. A total of 4749 children, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between 2018 and 2020, were tested at four hospitals in Lahore and Karachi. Of the total, 19.3% (918/4749) cases were tested positive for RVA antigen, with the positivity rate varying annually (2018 = 22.7%, 2019 = 14.4%, 2020 = 20.9%). Among RVA-positive children, 66.3% were under 1 year of age. Genotyping of 662 enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay-positive samples revealed the predominant genotype as G9P[4] (21.4%), followed by G1P[8] (18.9%), G3P[8] (11.4%), G12P[6] (8.7%), G2P[4] (5.7%), G2P[6] (4.8%), and 10.8% had mixed genotypes. Among vaccinated children, genotypes G9P[4] and G12P[6] were more frequently detected, whereas a decline in G2P[4] was observed. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the continued circulation of indigenous genotypes detected earlier in the country except G9 and P[6] strains. Our findings highlight the predominance of G9P[4] genotype after the vaccine introduction thus emphasizing continual surveillance to monitor the disease burden, viral diversity, and their impact on control of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children.


Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis , Genotipo , Filogenia , Infecciones por Rotavirus , Vacunas contra Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Vacunas Atenuadas , Humanos , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Rotavirus/clasificación , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/prevención & control , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/inmunología , Lactante , Preescolar , Pakistán/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Variación Genética , Heces/virología , Enfermedad Aguda/epidemiología
19.
J Med Virol ; 96(10): e70014, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39420695

RESUMEN

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis among children under the age of five globally. The unusual bat-like human RVA strains G3P[10] (RVA/Human-wt/THA/CMH079/05/2005/G3P[10] and RVA/Human-wt/THA/CMH-S015-19/2019/G3P[10]) were detected in children with acute gastroenteritis in 2005 and 2019, respectively, in the same geographical area of Northern Thailand. To elucidate the genetic backgrounds of these unusual or bat-like human RVA strains, the complete genome of these RVA strains was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. All eleven genome segments of these G3P[10] strains were genotyped as G3-P[10]-I8-R3-C3-M3-A9-N3-T3-E3-H6, which is closely related to bat G3P[10] RVA strain (RVA/Bat-tc/CHN/MYAS33/2013/G3P[10]) and bat-like human RVA strain (RVA/Human-wt/THA/MS2015-1-0001/2015/G3P[10]). The findings indicate that human G3P[10] RVA strains detected in this study (RVA/Human-wt/THA/CMH079/05/2005/G3P[10] and RVA/Human-wt/THA/CMH-S015-19/2019/G3P[10]) contained all eleven genome segments similar to those of bat RVA strains and appeared to be human RVA strains of bat origin. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that several genome segments of these two RVA strains were also closely related with those of other species in addition to bats and had a zoonotic transmission history. The results of this study supported the roles of interspecies transmission of RVA strains among bats and humans in the natural environment and provided convincing evidence that the evolution of human RVAs was closely interrelated with those of animal RVAs. Continuing surveillance of RVAs in humans and animals is imperative to gain a better understanding of the origin and the evolution of these viruses.


Asunto(s)
Gastroenteritis , Genoma Viral , Genotipo , Filogenia , Infecciones por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Humanos , Tailandia/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/clasificación , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Genoma Viral/genética , Preescolar , Lactante , Animales , Quirópteros/virología , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma , ARN Viral/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN
20.
J Med Virol ; 96(5): e29681, 2024 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38773815

RESUMEN

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is accountable for an estimated 128 500 deaths among children younger than 5 years worldwide, and the majority occur in low-income countries. Although the clinical trials of rotavirus vaccines in Bangladesh revealed a significant reduction of severe rotavirus disease by around 50%, the vaccines are not yet included in the routine immunization program. The present study was designed to provide data on rotavirus diarrhea with clinical profiles and genotypes before (2017-2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020-2021). Fecal samples were collected from 2% of the diarrheal patients at icddr,b Dhaka hospital of all ages between January 2017 and December 2021 and were tested for VP6 rotavirus antigen using ELISA. The clinical manifestations such as fever, duration of diarrhea and hospitalization, number of stools, and dehydration and so on were collected from the surveillance database (n = 3127). Of the positive samples, 10% were randomly selected for genotyping using Sanger sequencing method. A total of 12 705 fecal samples were screened for rotavirus A antigen by enzyme immunoassay. Overall, 3369 (27%) were rotavirus antigen-positive, of whom children <2 years had the highest prevalence (88.6%). The risk of rotavirus A infection was 4.2 times higher in winter than in summer. Overall, G3P[8] was the most prominent genotype (45.3%), followed by G1P[8] (32.1%), G9P[8] (6.8%), and G2P[4] (6.1%). The other unusual combinations, such as G1P[4], G1P[6], G2P[6], G3P[4], G3P[6], and G9P[6], were also present. Genetic analysis on Bangladeshi strains revealed that the selection pressure (dN/dS) was estimated as <1. The number of hospital visits showed a 37% drop during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to the years before the pandemic. Conversely, there was a notable increase in the rate of rotavirus positivity during the pandemic (34%, p < 0.00) compared to the period before COVID-19 (23%). Among the various clinical symptoms, only the occurrence of watery stool significantly increased during the pandemic. The G2P[4] strain showed a sudden rise (19%) in 2020, which then declined in 2021. In the same year, G1P[8] was more prevalent than G3P[8] (40% vs. 38%, respectively). The remaining genotypes were negligible and did not exhibit much fluctuation. This study reveals that the rotavirus burden remained high during the COVID-19 prepandemic and pandemic in Bangladesh. Considering the lack of antigenic variations between the circulating and vaccine-targeted strains, integrating the vaccine into the national immunization program could reduce the prevalence of the disease, the number of hospitalizations, and the severity of cases.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Heces , Genotipo , Infecciones por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Humanos , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Rotavirus/clasificación , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Preescolar , Lactante , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/virología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Heces/virología , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Diarrea/virología , Diarrea/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos Virales/genética , Recién Nacido , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Adulto Joven , Prevalencia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/clasificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estaciones del Año
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