Comparison of methadone and high dosage buprenorphine users in French care centres.

AIMS: In France, maintenance programmes for opiate users were adopted later than in other countries. Two maintenance treatments are available: methadone is only delivered in specialized centres while high dosage (HD) buprenorphine can be prescribed by all general practitioners and in specialized centres. The aim of this study was to compare the socio-demographic profiles, the practices and drug consumption patterns of the two groups attending specialized centres. METHODOLOGY: The Oppidum Programme (observation of illegal drugs and misuse of psychotropic medications), a multi-centric survey, surveys drug-dependent subjects attending specialized care centres throughout France annually. Data were collected by questionnaire on socio-demographic variables and drug use during the preceding week. RESULTS: During October 1998, 46 centres took part in the survey. The methadone group (n = 424) was older, with a better economic situation; 16% used cocaine regularly. The HD buprenorphine group (n = 616) consumed more heroin (12% vs. 8%) and engaged in more misuse, such as intravenous use, illicit acquisitions or irregular consumption. These practices were more frequent for patients consuming the drug "outwith protocol" or for patients obtaining the drug from a general practitioner. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that patterns of consumption of methadone and buprenorphine are different in several respects: concomitant use of licit or illicit psychoactive substances, route of administration, and illegal acquisition. They also suggest that the behaviours of maintenance treatment users depend less on the nature of the maintenance drug (methadone or high dosage buprenorphine), than the nature of the delivery and monitoring practices.