Light-induced Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the four-striped field mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio: A southern African diurnal rodent.

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have suggested that nocturnal and diurnal species of rodents differ in their circadian responses to light including phase shifts and early gene expression. Rhabdomys pumilio, the four-striped field mouse, is diurnal both in nature and in the laboratory. We studied in this species the response of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to light stimuli at different time periods using light-induced expression of Fos as marker of neuronal activity. Fos induction in the SCN was investigated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis. The animals were exposed to a 15 min light pulse with monochromatic green light at different circadian times throughout a 24-h cycle. Animals maintained in constant darkness served as controls. R. pumilio exhibited an endogenous Fos rhythm in the SCN during constant darkness with highest expression during the subjective day at circadian time (CT) 2 and CT10. Photic stimulation resulted in significant Fos induction in the SCN at CT6, CT14, CT18 and CT22, compared to controls kept in constant darkness, with a peak of expression at CT22, i.e. during late subjective night, mainly due to expression in the ventral SCN. In tract tracing experiments based on the use of cholera toxin subunit B, we found that retinal fibres innervate mainly the contralateral ventral SCN. The intergeniculate leaflet received bilateral retinal innervation with overlap between ipsilateral and contralateral fibres. Altogether the data show that the rodent R. pumilio is a unique diurnal model for chronobiological studies.