Characterization of immortalized human epidermolysis bullosa simplex (KRT5) cell lines: trimethylamine N-oxide protects the keratin cytoskeleton against disruptive stress condition.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an autosomal inherited mechano-bullous disease, characterized by intraepidermal blistering and skin fragility caused by mutations in the keratin (KRT) 5 or 14 genes. Despite a vast knowledge about the intermediate filament pathology in this disease, the progress in therapy has been slow. Animal models and well-characterized continuous cell culture models of EBS are needed prior to clinical testing. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to generate immortalized cell lines as an in vitro model for the study of EBS and test a chemical chaperone, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), as a putative novel therapy. METHODS: We generated four immortalized cell lines, two each from an EBS patient with a KRT5-mutation (V186L) and a healthy control, using human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E6E7 as transducer. Cell lines were established in serum-free and serum-containing medium and assessed for growth characteristics, keratin expression profiles, ability to differentiate in organotypic cultures, and response to heat stress with and without the presence of TMAO. RESULTS: All cell lines have been expanded >160 population doublings and their cellular characteristics are similar. However, the formation of cytoplasmic keratin filament aggregates in response to heat-shock treatment differed between EBS and normal cell lines. Notably, serum-free established EBS-cell line was most vulnerable to heat shock but both cell lines exhibited significant reduction in the number of keratin aggregates containing cells by TMAO. CONCLUSION: The immortalized cell lines represent a suitable model for studying novel therapies for EBS. TMAO is a promising new agent for future development as a novel EBS therapy.