[Preconceptional cigarette smoking and other risk factors for giving birth to a child with orofacial cleft]. / Palenie tytoniu przez matkie przed zajsciem w ciaze i wystepowanie innych czynników ryzyka urodzenia dziecka zrozszczepem twarzoczaszki.

ABSTRACT

Evidence suggests an association between orofacial clefts and maternal smoking, common cold, and stressful life events. 247 mothers of children with an orofacial cleft completed a self-administered survey with questions concerning obstetric history. Of these, 29.6% were smokers in pre-conceptional period. 6.3%, 5.2% and 25.2% of participants reported working exposure to solvents, stressful life events, and common cold in the early pregnancy, respectively. Differences were seen between smokers and non-smokers for preconceptional folic acid supplementation (5.6% vs. 19.9%), multivitamin use (2.8% vs. 6.4%), pre-conceptional health care utilization (15.3% vs. 30.4%), and late enrollment for prenatal care (> 12 weeks of gestation; 6.2% vs. 1.9%). Improved lifestyles of women of childbearing age is required.