Application of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay and analysis of PON1Gln192Arg and CYP2A6*9(-48T>G) polymorphisms in tobacco farmers.
Environ Mol Mutagen
; 53(7): 525-34, 2012 Aug.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-22847926
ABSTRACT
Tobacco is a major Brazilian cash crop. Tobacco farmers apply large amounts of pesticides to control insect growth. Workers come into contact with green tobacco leaves during the tobacco harvest and absorb nicotine through the skin. In the present study, micronucleus frequency, cell death, and the frequency of basal cells were measured in tobacco farmers using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt), in parallel with measurement of blood butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and nicotine levels. Polymorphisms in PONIGln192Arg and CYP2A6*9(-48T>G) were evaluated to verify the relationship between genetic susceptibility and the measured biomarkers. Peripheral blood and buccal cell samples were collected from 106 agricultural workers, at two different crop times (during pesticide application and leaf harvest), as well as 53 unexposed controls. BMCyt showed statistically significant increases in micronuclei, nuclear buds, and binucleated cells among exposed subjects in differentiated cells, and in micronuclei in basal cells. In addition, the exposed group showed higher values for condensed chromatin, karyorrhectic, pyknotic, and karyolitic cells, indicative of cell death, and an increase in the frequency of basal cells compared to the unexposed control group. A slight difference in mutagenicity using the BMCyt assay was found between the two different sampling times (pesticide application and leaf harvest), with higher micronucleus frequencies during pesticide application. Elevated cotinine levels were observed during the leaf harvest compared to the unexposed controls, while BChE level was similar among the farmers and controls. PONIGln192Arg and CYP2A6*9(-48T>G) polymorphisms were associated with DNA damage induced by pesticides and cell death.
Texto completo:
1
Bases de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Plaguicidas
/
Polimorfismo Genético
/
Nicotiana
/
Daño del ADN
/
Hidrocarburo de Aril Hidroxilasas
/
Exposición Profesional
/
Arildialquilfosfatasa
Límite:
Humans
País/Región como asunto:
America do sul
/
Brasil
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Mol Mutagen
Asunto de la revista:
BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR
/
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
Año:
2012
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Brasil