Biomarkers of secondhand smoke exposure in automobiles.
Tob Control
; 23(1): 51-7, 2014 Jan.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-23349229
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of this study were (1) to characterise the exposure of non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) in a vehicle using biomarkers, (2) to describe the time course of the biomarkers over 24 h, and (3) to examine the relationship between tobacco biomarkers and airborne concentrations of SHS markers.METHODS:
Eight non-smokers were individually exposed to SHS in cars with fully open front windows and closed back windows over an hour from a smoker who smoked three cigarettes at 20 min intervals. The non-smokers sat in the back seat on the passenger side, while the smoker sat in the driver's seat. Plasma cotinine and urine cotinine, 3-hydroxycotinine (3HC) and 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) were compared in samples taken at baseline (BL) and several time-points after exposure. Nicotine, particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured inside and outside the vehicle and ventilation rates in the cars were measured.RESULTS:
Average plasma cotinine and the molar sum of urine cotinine and 3HC (COT+3HC) increased four-fold, urine cotinine increased six-fold and urine NNAL increased â¼27 times compared to BL biomarker levels. Plasma cotinine, urine COT+3HC and NNAL peaked at 4-8 h post-exposure while urine cotinine peaked within 4 h. Plasma cotinine was significantly correlated to PM2.5 (Spearman correlation rs=0.94) and CO (rs=0.76) but not to air nicotine. The correlations between urine biomarkers, cotinine, COT+3HC and NNAL, and air nicotine, PM2.5 and CO were moderate but non-significant (rs range = 0.31-0.60).CONCLUSIONS:
Brief SHS exposure in cars resulted in substantial increases in levels of tobacco biomarkers in non-smokers. For optimal characterisation of SHS exposure, tobacco biomarkers should be measured within 4-8 h post-exposure. Additional studies are needed to better describe the relationship between tobacco biomarkers and environmental markers of SHS.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Bases de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Piridinas
/
Automóviles
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Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco
/
Fumar
/
Cotinina
/
Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales
/
Nitrosaminas
Límite:
Adolescent
/
Adult
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Female
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Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Tob Control
Asunto de la revista:
TRANSTORNOS RELACIONADOS COM SUBSTANCIAS
Año:
2014
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos