An unexpected complication of bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy: arteriovenous fistula.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) following bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 76-year-old man was diagnosed with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Pain and hematoma were detected in his left leg and hip 4 days after bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. A pelvic arteriography was performed, and a diagnosis of AVF was made. CONCLUSION: This case shows that clinicians should be aware of AVF, especially in cases with refractory bleeding after bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy despite normal blood coagulation parameters.