New Insights in Tissue Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of [3H]-Labeled Antibody Maytansinoid Conjugates in Female Tumor-Bearing Nude Rats.

ABSTRACT

For antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), the fate of the cytotoxic payload in vivo needs to be well understood to mitigate toxicity risks and properly design the first in-patient studies. Therefore, a distribution, metabolism, and excretion (DME) study with a radiolabeled rat cross-reactive ADC ([(3)H]DM1-LNL897) targeting the P-cadherin receptor was conducted in female tumor-bearing nude rats. Although multiple components [total radioactivity, conjugated ADC, total ADC, emtansine (DM1) payload, and catabolites] needed to be monitored with different technologies (liquid scintillation counting, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and size exclusion chromatography), the pharmacokinetic data were nearly superimposable with the various techniques. [(3)H]DM1-LNL897 was cleared with half-lives of 51-62 hours and LNL897-related radioactivity showed a minor extent of tissue distribution. The highest tissue concentrations of [(3)H]DM1-LNL897-related radioactivity were measured in tumor. Complimentary liquid extraction surface analysis coupled to micro-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry data proved that the lysine (LYS)-4(maleimidylmethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate-DM1 (LYS-MCC-DM1) catabolite was the only detectable component distributed evenly in the tumor and liver tissue. The mass balance was complete with up to 13.8% ± 0.482% of the administered radioactivity remaining in carcass 168 hours postdose. LNL897-derived radioactivity was mainly excreted via feces (84.5% ± 3.12%) and through urine only to a minor extent (4.15% ± 0.462%). In serum, the major part of radioactivity could be attributed to ADC, while small molecule disposition products were the predominant species in excreta. We show that there is a difference in metabolite profiles depending on which derivatization methods for DM1 were applied. Besides previously published results on LYS-MCC-DM1 and MCC-DM1, maysine and a cysteine conjugate of DM1 could be identified in serum and excreta.