[Ingestion of caustic substances in childhood]. / Ingestion von ätzenden Substanzen im Kindesalter.

ABSTRACT

Patients who ingest caustic substances continue to pose difficult problems in diagnosis and management. Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy and radiological studies have helped to assess the extent of damage caused by corrosives. A number of non surgical techniques are available for therapy, mainly corticosteroids and antibiotics. In a retrospective study from January 1976 till October 1988 we analysed 86 children aged from 1 month to 11 years. The purpose of our analysis was to check the outcome in patients with corrosive burning treated by standardized therapeutic management. Alkaline household substances caused the injury in 75% of our patients. No lesions were found in 19 patients. There were 21 patients with first degree, 28 with second degree ans 18 with third degree lesions. The diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopy within the first 48 hours. Therapeutic management in 2nd and 3rd degree lesions was based on corticosteroids, antibiotics and early bougienage of the oesophagus over an endless thread. Three patients with 2nd degree and all 18 patients with 3rd degree lesions underwent bougienage. Corticosteroids were given for two to four weeks, depending on the severity of the lesion. Our results demonstrate that early diagnosis and therapy can help to reduce stenosis and prolonged illness of these patients. In addition, public health efforts should be made to educate people about the dangers of caustic substances.