Analytical Understanding of the Materials Design with Well-Described Shrinkages on Multiscale.

Shrinkages derived from condensation of frameworks are one of the significant steps for fabricating demanded materials having unique morphologies and properties. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to understanding their mechanisms that are quite useful for the materials design. In this context, diversified measuring and observing tools have been facilitated to evaluate structural contractions and corresponding driving forces. All of the investigations are crucial to encourage the utilization of such shrinkages for the precise design of nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize significant works how to analyze shrinkages in multiscale during the synthesis of materials, which will be useful as a follow-up review to our latest contribution. Well-defined porous materials are also selected as a good candidate for understanding well-described shrinkages. This review aims to provide a detailed glimpse of the development of analyses on shrinking behaviors in multiscale for the materials design. Shrinking degree and direction in multiscale, which are driven by condensation of frameworks, are predominant for understanding and/or predicting final nanostructures of materials after shrinkages.