Risk factors and prognosis for recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation: a Nordic Multicentre Study.

OBJECTIVES: The risk for recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis (rPSC) after liver transplantation is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We assessed the frequency of rPSC and studied risk factors for recurrent disease with special focus on IBD. We also evaluated the importance of rPSC for prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All liver transplanted PSC patients in the Nordic countries between 1984 and 2007 (n = 440), identified by the Nordic Liver Transplant Registry, were studied. Data were retrieved from patients' chart reviews. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate risk factors for rPSC and death. RESULTS: Of the 440 patients with a follow-up time after liver transplantation of 3743 patient years, rPSC was diagnosed in 19% (n = 85). Colectomy before liver transplantation was associated with a reduced risk of rPSC (HR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26-0.94, p = 0.033). Neither high IBD activity nor presence of IBD flares before or after liver transplantation was associated with rPSC. Treatment with tacrolimus was an independent risk factor associated with increased risk for rPSC (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.15-2.86, p = 0.010). The risk of dying or needing a re-transplantation after rPSC was increased in all age groups, but highest in patients transplanted before 40 years of age (HR 7.3; 95% CI, 4.1-12.8, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that colectomy before liver transplantation is associated with a decreased risk of rPSC. Inflammatory activity of IBD was not associated with the risk of rPSC. Tacrolimus was an independent risk factor for PSC recurrence and its use as first line immunosuppression in PSC needs further study.