Neutrophils and redox stress in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.
Free Radic Biol Med
; 125: 25-35, 2018 09.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29605448
ABSTRACT
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or neutrophils, are specialist phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. Their primary role is host defence against micro-organisms, which they kill via phagocytosis, followed by release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteolytic enzymes within the phagosome. ROS are generated via the action of the NADPH oxidase (also known as NOX2), in a process termed the 'Respiratory Burst'. This process consumes large amounts of oxygen, which is converted into the highly-reactive superoxide radical O2- and H2O2. Subsequent activation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) generates secondary oxidants and chloroamines that are highly microbiocidal in nature, which together with proteases such as elastase and gelatinase provide a toxic intra-phagosomal environment able to kill a broad range of micro-organisms. However, under certain circumstances such as during an auto-immune response, neutrophils can be triggered to release ROS and proteases extracellularly causing damage to host tissues, modification of host proteins, lipids and DNA and dysregulation of oxidative homeostasis. This review describes the range of ROS species produced by human neutrophils with a focus on the implications of neutrophil redox products in autoimmune inflammation.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Bases de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Enfermedades Autoinmunes
/
Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno
/
Estrés Oxidativo
/
Neutrófilos
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
Límite:
Animals
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Free Radic Biol Med
Asunto de la revista:
BIOQUIMICA
/
MEDICINA
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Reino Unido