Boosting Solid-State Diffusivity and Conductivity in Lithium Superionic Argyrodites by Halide Substitution.

ABSTRACT

Developing high-performance all-solid-state batteries is contingent on finding solid electrolyte materials with high ionic conductivity and ductility. Here we report new halide-rich solid solution phases in the argyrodite Li6 PS5 Cl family, Li6-x PS5-x Cl1+x , and combine electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, neutron diffraction, and 7 Li NMR MAS and PFG spectroscopy to show that increasing the Cl- /S2- ratio has a systematic, and remarkable impact on Li-ion diffusivity in the lattice. The phase at the limit of the solid solution regime, Li5.5 PS4.5 Cl1.5 , exhibits a cold-pressed conductivity of 9.4±0.1 mS cm-1 at 298 K (and 12.0±0.2 mS cm-1 on sintering)-almost four-fold greater than Li6 PS5 Cl under identical processing conditions and comparable to metastable superionic Li7 P3 S11 . Weakened interactions between the mobile Li-ions and surrounding framework anions incurred by substitution of divalent S2- for monovalent Cl- play a major role in enhancing Li+ -ion diffusivity, along with increased site disorder and a higher lithium vacancy population.