Gill damage and delayed mortality of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) after short time exposure to anti-parasitic veterinary medicine containing hydrogen peroxide.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
; 180: 473-482, 2019 Sep 30.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31121554
ABSTRACT
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as anti-parasitic veterinary medicine in salmon farms worldwide. In the period from 2009 to 2018 a total of 135 million kg of H2O2 was used in Norway, the world's largest producer of Atlantic salmon. Since the treatment water is discharged to the sea, concerns have been raised about effects of H2O2 on the coastal ecosystem. In the present study, Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) have been exposed to short pulses of H2O2 in the PARAMOVE® formulation, followed by a recovery period in clean seawater. The exposure concentrations represented 100, 1000 and 10â¯000 times dilutions of the prescribed treatment concentration for salmon; 15â¯mg/L, 1.5â¯mg/L and 0.15â¯mg/L H2O2. Significantly increased mortality was observed after 2â¯h exposure to 15â¯mg/L H2O2 (50%) and after 2â¯h exposure to 1.5â¯mg/L H2O2 on 3 consecutive days (33%), but no mortality was observed after 2â¯h exposure to 0.15â¯mg/L. The mortality occurred 2-4 days after the first pulse of exposure. The patterns of acute effects (immobility and death) could be captured with a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic model (GUTS), which allows extrapolations to LC50s for constant exposure, or thresholds for effects given untested exposure profiles. Effects of H2O2 were also detected in shrimp that survived until the end of the recovery period. The feeding rate was 66% lower than in the control after 12 days of recovery for the three-pulse 1.5â¯mg/L exposure. Furthermore, dose dependent tissue damage was detected in the gills and evidence of lipid peroxidation in the hepatopancreas in shrimp exposed for 1â¯h to 1.5â¯mg/L and 15â¯mg/L and kept in recovery for 8 days. Fluorescence intensity in the hepatopancreas of treated shrimp increased 47% and 157% at 1.5â¯mg/L and 15â¯mg/L, respectively, compared to the control. Local hydrodynamic conditions will determine how fast the concentration of H2O2 will be diluted and how far it will be transported horizontally and vertically. Results from dispersion modelling (literature data) together with the current experiments indicate that treatment water with toxic concentrations of H2O2 (1.5â¯mg/L) could reach P. borealis living more than 1â¯km from a treated salmon farm.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Bases de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Contaminantes Químicos del Agua
/
Drogas Veterinarias
/
Pandalidae
/
Branquias
/
Peróxido de Hidrógeno
/
Antiparasitarios
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Límite:
Animals
País/Región como asunto:
Europa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Año:
2019
Tipo del documento:
Article