Update on liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma : a review of the recent literature.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) represent 3% of all gastrointestinal tumours and can be classified anatomically in 3 types: intrahepatic (ICC), perihilar (PCC) and distal (DCC) cholangiocarcinomas. Resection is the treatment of choice but is only achieved in a few cases (<20%) because of invasion of the biliary tract and/or vascular structures. The outcome of advanced CC is poor with an overall survival (OS) of maximum 15 months with chemotherapy. In the 1990s, CC was regarded as a contraindication for liver transplantation (LT). LT has recently been proposed as potentially curative option for ICC and PCC. Careful patient selection has changed OS. This article provides an update on current status of LT for patients with unresectable CC.