Transport time after combat-related injury and patient-reported outcomes among US service members.

INTRODUCTION: The 'golden hour' is a universal paradigm that suggests trauma patients have lower morbidity and mortality when provided with medical care within 1 hour after injury. The objective of this study was to examine whether transport time from point of injury to a military treatment facility (MTF) in-theatre was associated with patient-reported outcomes, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and quality of life (QOL), among US service members with combat-related injury. METHODS: Participants were injured between March 2003 and March 2016 and completed standardised assessments of PTSD, depression and QOL for theWounded Warrior Recovery Project (WWRP) between January 2013 and November 2017. Multivariable regressions were used to assess the relationship between transport time (≤1 hour or >1 hour from injury to MTF) and positive screens for PTSD and depression, and QOL, respectively.Overall, 45.6% of participants (n=879) arrived at an MTF within 1 hour postinjury. About 8 years passed between when participants were injured on deployment and when they completed their first WWRP assessment. Approximately 48% of participants screened positive for PTSD and 51.3% for depression, with a mean QOL score of 0.513 (SD=0.150). After adjusting for covariates, transport time was not significantly associated with PTSD (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.38; p=0.77), depression (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.21; p=0.55) or QOL (ß=0.009; p=0.38). CONCLUSION: Transport time was not associated with patient-reported outcomes among US service members with combat-related injury. These findings are important as we seek to understand how combat casualties may be affected by extended medical evacuation or transport times anticipated in future expeditionary operations.