Near zero vascular complications using echo-guided puncture during catheter ablation of arrhythmias: A retrospective study and literature review.

Background: Catheter ablation (CA) is routinely used for the treatment of arrhythmias. Vascular complications are the most common complications during these procedures. Previous data reported that ultrasound (US)-guided puncture is a useful method to avoid vascular complications. We reported our experience using US-guided puncture in patients undergoing CA for arrhythmias. Methods: A total of 273 patients (mean age 57 ± 17 years; 58% male) were referred to our center for CA of arrhythmias from January 2016 to December 2019. All procedures were performed by expert operators, and US-guided vascular access was performed on all patients. Doppler sonography was performed the day after the procedure on all patients. Results: Eighty-four patients (31%) underwent atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation, 49 patients (18%) atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia ablation, 14 patients (5%) atrial tachycardia ablation, 25 patients (9%) atrial flutter ablation, 63 patients (23%) atrial fibrillation ablation, and 38 patients (14%) ventricular tachycardia ablation. Vascular pseudo-aneurysms and arteriovenous fistula were defined as major complications; furthermore, venous thrombosis and inguinal hematomas were as defined minor complications. The percentage of major vascular complications was 0.3% (1 arteriovenous fistula) and the percentage of minor vascular complications was 0.3% (1 venous thrombosis). Discussion: Ultrasound-guided vascular puncture in patients undergoing CA is useful to improve procedural success and reduce complications.