Toward understanding deep learning classification of anatomic sites: lessons from the development of a CBCT projection classifier.
J Med Imaging (Bellingham)
; 9(4): 045002, 2022 Jul.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35903414
ABSTRACT
Purpose:
Deep learning (DL) applications strongly depend on the training dataset and convolutional neural network architecture; however, it is unclear how to objectively select such parameters. We investigate the classification performance of different DL models and training schemes for the anatomic classification of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) projections.Approach:
CBCT scans from 1055 patients were collected and manually classified into five anatomic classes and used to develop DL models to predict the anatomic class from single x-ray projections. VGG-16, Xception, and Inception v3 architectures were trained with 75% of the data, and the remaining 25% was used for testing and evaluation. To study the dependence of the classification performance on dataset size, training data was downsampled to various dataset sizes. Gradient-weighted class activation maps (grad-CAM) were generated using the model with highest classification performance, to identify regions with strong influence on CNN decisions.Results:
The highest precision and recall values were achieved with VGG-16. One of the best performing combinations was the VGG-16 trained with 90 deg projections (mean class precision = 0.87). The training dataset size could be reduced to â¼ 50 % of its initial size, without compromising the classification performance. For correctly classified cases, Grad-CAM were more heavily weighted for anatomically relevant regions.Conclusions:
It was possible to determine those dependencies with a higher influence on the classification performance of DL models for the studied task. Grad-CAM enabled the identification of possible sources of class confusion.
Texto completo:
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Bases de datos:
MEDLINE
Tipo de estudio:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Med Imaging (Bellingham)
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos