Eu3+-Directed Supramolecular Metallogels with Reversible Quadruple-Stimuli Response Behaviors.

ABSTRACT

Smart luminescent materials that have the ability to reversibly adapt to external environmental stimuli and possess a wide range of responses are continually emerging, which place higher demands on the means of regulation and response sites. Here, europium ions (Eu3+)-directed supramolecular metallogels are constructed by orthogonal self-assembly of Eu3+ based coordination interactions and hydrogen bonding. A new organic ligand (L) is synthesized, consisting of crown ethers and two flexible amide bonds-linked 1,10-phenanthroline moieties to coordinate with Eu3+. Synergistic intermolecular hydrogen bonding in L and Eu3+-L coordination bonding enable Eu3+ and L to self-assemble into shape-persistent 3D coordination metallogels in MeOH solution. The key to success is the utilization of crown ethers, playing dual roles of acting both as building blocks to build L with C2-symmetrical structure, and as the ideal monomer for increasing the energy transfer from L to Eu3+'s excited state, thus maintaining the excellent luminescence of metallogels. Interestingly, such assemblies show K+, pH, F-, and mechano-induced reversible gel-sol transitions and tunable luminescence properties. Above findings are useful in the studies of molecular switches, dynamic assemblies, and smart luminescent materials.