Inhibition of mTOR differently modulates planar and subepithelial fibrogenesis in human conjunctival fibroblasts.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: In the current investigation, the effects of the mTOR inhibitors, Rapa and Torin1 on the TGF-ß2-induced conjunctival fibrogenesis were studied. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental research. METHODS: 2D and 3D cultures of HconF were subjected to the following analyses; (1) planar proliferation evaluated by TEER (2D), (2) Seahorse metabolic analyses (2D), (3) subepithelial proliferation evaluated by the 3D spheroids' size and hardness, and (4) the mRNA expression of ECM proteins and their regulators (2D and 3D). RESULT: Rapa or Torin1 both significantly increased planar proliferation in the non-TGF-ß2-treated 2D HconF cells, but in the TGF-ß2-treated cells, this proliferation was inhibited by Rapa and enhanced by Torin1. Although Rapa or Torin1 did not affect cellular metabolism in the non-TGF-ß2-treated HconF cells, mTOR inhibitors significantly decreased and increased the mitochondrial respiration and the glycolytic capacity, respectively, under conditions of TGF-ß2-induced fibrogenesis. Subepithelial proliferation, as evidenced by the hardness of the 3D spheroids, was markedly down-regulated by both Rapa and Torin1 independent of TGF-ß2. The mRNA expressions of several ECM molecules and their regulators fluctuated in the cases of 2D vs 3D and TGF-ß2 untreated vs treated cultures. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that mTOR inhibitors have the ability to increase and to reduce planar and subepithelial proliferation in HconF cells, depending on the inhibitor being used.