Effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on kidney growth in children.

PURPOSE: We investigated whether shock wave lithotripsy affects kidney growth in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective controlled study included 150 children with renal stones who presented for shock wave lithotripsy between March 2005 and February 2010 (group A). The control arm included 100 children without any urological problems who were enrolled in the study after obtaining written maternal consent (group B). All children in both groups underwent abdominal ultrasound to assess renal size (bipolar renal length), which was repeated after 6 months for group A and after 1 year for both groups. RESULTS: Bipolar renal size in group A increased significantly at 6 months and 1 year after shock wave lithotripsy. Renal growth did not differ based on patient age at shock wave lithotripsy (p = 0.472), number of shock wave lithotripsy sessions (p = 0.65) or number of stones (p = 0.405). There was no significant difference between the rate of kidney growth in children who underwent shock wave lithotripsy during the year of the study and normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: Shock wave lithotripsy has no deleterious effect on the normal rate of renal growth in children. This outcome is not affected by either the number of stones or the age of the child at shock wave lithotripsy.

I-131 doping of silver nanoparticles platform for tumor theranosis guided drug delivery.

Nanotechnology may be applied in medicine where the utilization of nanoparticles (≤100 nm) for the delivery and targeting of theranostic agents is at the forefront of projects in cancer nano-science. This study points a novel one step synthesis approach to build up polyethylene glycol capped silver nanoparticles doped with I-131 radionuclide (131I-doped Ag-PEG NPs). The formula was prepared with average hydrodynamic size 21 nm, zeta potential - 25 mV, radiolabeling yield 98 ±â€¯0.76%, and showed good in-vitro stability in saline and mice serum. The in-vitro cytotoxicity study of cold Ag-PEG NPs formula as a drug carrier vehicle showed no cytotoxic effect on normal cells (WI-38 cells) at a concentration below 3 µL/104 cells. The in-vivo biodistribution pattern of 131I-doped Ag-PEG NPs in solid tumor bearing mice showed high radioactivity accumulation in tumor tissues with maximum uptake of 35.43 ±â€¯1.12 and 63.8 ±â€¯1.3% ID/g at 60 and 15 min post intravenous (I.V.) and intratumoral injection (I.T.), respectively. Great potential of T/NT ratios were obtained throughout the experimental time points with maximum ratios 45.23 ±â€¯0.65 and 92.46 ±â€¯1.02 at 60 and 15 min post I.V. and I.T. injection, respectively. Thus, 131I-doped Ag-PEG NPs formulation could be displayed as a great potential tumor nano-sized theranostic probe.

In vitro release of chloramphenicol from different suppository bases.

The release of chloramphenicol from different suppository bases has been investigated. It is proved that the release was dependent on drug solubility in the base, solubility of the base in test medium, and the melting point of the base and its chemical composition.

In vitro release of noramidopyrine methansulfonate sodium from suppository as a function of particle size and concentration.

The effect of particle size and percentage concentration of noramidopyrine methansulfonate sodium on its release from Witepsol H 15 suppository base is studied. It is proved that the finer the drug particles the less its release and the more the drug concentration the more its release.

Solid state stability of ketoprofen in the presence of different excipients.

Physical mixtures of ketoprofen (KT) were prepared using different excipients, namely, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, beta-cyclodextrin, polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) K30, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) 20,000 and urea in a ratio of 2:1 (drug/excipient). The prepared samples as well as KT alone were stored at 40, 50 and 60 degrees C in sealed glass vials for 12 weeks. The fresh and stored samples were subjected to physical examination and instrumental analysis including m.p., IR and dissolution rate. KT without additives was found to be physically stable or when mixed with either lactose, mannitol, sorbitol or beta-cyclodextrin for 12 weeks at 60 degrees C. The m.p. of the drug alone or in presence of these excipients did not change. Also IR showed no change. On the other hand, KT mixtures with PVP K30, PEG 20,000 or urea were physically unstable on storage at 40, 50 and 60 degrees C. Their m.p. were found to decrease; the IR curves were also changed. All the tested excipients enhanced the dissolution of KT from its physical mixtures and could be arranged according to the extent of dissolution as follows: Lactose = Mannitol > beta-cyclodextrin > PVP K30 = Urea > Sorbitol > PEG 20,000.