An Intelligent Traffic Surveillance System Using Integrated Wireless Sensor Network and Improved Phase Timing Optimization.

The transportation industry is crucial to the realization of a smart city. However, the current growth in vehicle numbers is not being matched by an increase in road capacity. Congestion may boost the number of accidents, harm economic growth, and result in higher gas emissions. Currently, traffic congestion is seen as a severe threat to urban life. Suffering as a result of increased car traffic, insufficient infrastructure, and inefficient traffic management has exceeded the tolerance limit. Since route decisions are typically made in a short amount of time, the visualization of the data must be presented in a highly conceivable way. Also, the data generated by the transportation system face difficulties in processing and sometimes lack effective usage in certain fields. Hence, to overcome the challenges in computer vision, a novel computer vision-based traffic management system is proposed by integrating a wireless sensor network (WSN) and visual analytics framework. This research aimed to analyze average message delivery, average latency, average access, average energy consumption, and network performance. Wireless sensors are used in the study to collect road metrics, quantify them, and then rank them for entry. For optimization of the traffic data, improved phase timing optimization (IPTO) was used. The whole experimentation was carried out in a virtual environment. It was observed from the experimental results that the proposed approach outperformed other existing approaches.

Choroidal Vascularity in Non-arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy.

This study evaluates the peripapillary choroidal vascularity in eyes with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and compares it with the vascularity of healthy fellow eyes and age-matched subjects. The peripapillary choroidal vascularity index (CVI), a new tool of measurement, was calculated using horizontal swept-source optical coherence tomography scans. CVI was calculated using a previously validated automated algorithm. CVI in NAION and fellow eyes of NAION patients were compared with age-matched eyes of healthy individuals using Kruskal-Wallis test. A total of 20 eyes of 20 patients with acute unilateral NAION with healthy fellow eyes (20 eyes) and 40 eyes of 40 healthy patients were included in the study. The average age of patients with NAION was 56 ± 8 and 55 ± 7 years in age-matched healthy controls. NAION eyes had a significantly lower CVI than age-matched controls in both nasal and temporal areas. NAION nasal CVI was 0.47 ± 0.47 compared to 0.62 ± 0.04 in controls (p < 0.001). NAION temporal CVI was 0.45 ± 0.48 compared to 0.58 ± 0.04 in controls (p < 0.001). Temporal CVI was 0.45 ± 0.48 in NAION eyes and was significantly lower than counterpart healthy fellow eyes 0.48 ± 0.02 (p = 0.007). In conclusion, NAION eyes have significantly reduced vascularity in the peripapillary area. CVI is lower in the nasal and temporal of the optic disc compared to healthy individuals. This may suggest those with smaller CVI are more prone to ischaemia from reduced vascularity resulting in NAION.

Racial Differences in Choroidal Vascularity Index in Healthy Patients: Novel Insights.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) measures the ratio of blood vessels in the choroid to the total choroidal area. We aimed to compare CVI between young Black and White patients without a history of ocular or systemic disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used a previously validated algorithm for shadow compensation and choroidal vessel binarization to measure CVI across the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. RESULTS: Black patients had a lower CVI (ß = -0.05, P < 0.001) compared to White patients. Choroidal volume or luminal volume did not significantly differ with respect to race, whereas there was a trend for Black patients to have a greater stromal volume (ß = 3.08, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Black patients have a lower CVI than do White patients, likely due to a greater proportion of stromal volume. Further study of this parameter is warranted to validate the findings of this exploratory study. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:30-38.].