Rational Design of Iron Spin-Crossover Complexes Using Heteroscorpionate Chelates.

The optical, structural, and magnetic properties of iron(II,III) sandwich complexes, Fe(Tp')2n+ (Tp' = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)benzotriazolylborate), are described. The intensely colored FeII(Tp')2 (orange) and FeIII(Tp')2+ (purple) show strong MLCT bands. Geometric isomerism for M(Tp')2 is established crystallographically in the racemate of chiral cis-Fe(Tp')2. For the first time, paramagnetic 11B NMR describes solution-phase low-spin (LS, S = 0) to high-spin (HS, S = 2) crossover behavior in Fe(Tp')2. Thermochemical parameters for solution-phase SCO of Fe(Tp')2 demonstrate the endothermic LS to HS conversion and entropic preference of the HS state. Entropy changes for both Fe(Tp')2 isomers are significantly larger than for the majority of iron scorpionate SCO systems. Solid-state magnetic and thermochemical measurements show cis-Fe(Tp')2 to be thermally stable up to 520 K, allowing experimental investigation of a solid-state SCO magnetic hysteresis of over 45 K. A large solution vs solid-state SCO difference was observed: cis-Fe(Tp')2 shows Tc ≈ 270 K (solution) and Tc ≈ 385 K (solid), with the remarkably wide ΔTc ≈ 115 K; trans-Fe(Tp')2 shows Tc ≈ 278 K (solution) and Tc ≈ 372 K (solid). Solid-state Tc values are among the highest seen for iron(II) molecular systems. The large solution/solid ΔTc difference is explained by "anchoring" intermolecular interactions in the solid state that prevent thermal expansion of the LS iron(II) coordination sphere in its transition to the HS state. DFT calculations, validated against LS cis-Fe(Tp')2 crystallography and LS to HS SCO thermochemical parameters, demonstrate the role the benzotriazole rings play in its structural and optical properties. The Lewis basicity of M(Tp')2 is shown with the structural characterization of the air-stable tin(II) adduct [cis-Fe(Tp')2-SnCl2]; tin(II) coordination does not alter the iron(II) spin state. The Tp' chelate adds functionality (asymmetry, chirality, chemical reactivity) to the array of iron SCO materials for potential incorporation into nanoscale magnetic switches and spintronic devices.

Community experience and awareness regarding foreign body aspiration in Asir region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a serious preventable pediatric health problem and one of the main causes of accidental death in children. Although unusual in adults, it is often overlooked as a cause of airway obstruction with serious consequences. This study assessed awareness and previous FBA experiences in the Asir community, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Using validated questionnaire, an annonymous online survey was conducted among 870 people aged 18 years and above. The questionnaire was used to collect data about the personal and sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, as well as their experiences with FBA, and participants' knowledge and perceived seriousness of FBA. The level of knowledge was deemed good if the score ranged between 60% and 100%, and bad if the score fell below 60%The level of knowledge was deemed good if the score ranged between 60% and 100%, and bad if the score fell below 60%. The majority of the participants (79.7%) were females, 48.1% were aged 18 to 30 years, 72.9% had university degree, 30.6% were students, 26.9% worked in the educational sector, 43.6% reported monthly income of <5000 Saudi Riyals and 19.8% of them identified themselves as healthcarepractitioners. Although the community experience with FBA was considerably high (70.6%) among the study participants, their awareness levels about FBA were deficient. Only 24.7% of the respondents had good knowledge of FBA. Older age, being a health practitioner, and perceiving FBA as a serious incident were significantly associated with good knowledge (P < .001). The findings of this study indicate an urgent need to raise community awareness of FBA. To reduce FBA morbidity and mortality, health education efforts in community and healthcare settings are required to educate people about the seriousness and importance of early diagnosis and management of the condition.

Awareness and Perceptions of the Impact of Tonsillectomy on the Level of Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases among the Adult Population in Abha City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The widespread misconception that tonsillectomy leads to a decrease in immunity may lead to fear and avoidance of the operation. This can result in a deterioration of the situation, such as sleep-related breathing issues, frequent infections, and an increase in complications. The current research was conducted to assess the awareness and perception with respect to the impact of tonsillectomy on the immune system and to assess the awareness and perception of the relationship between autoimmune diseases and tonsillectomy. This 6-month descriptive cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted among individuals who were 18 years and above living in Abha city, Saudi Arabia. Out of the 800 study subjects, 104 (13%) had undergone tonsillectomy. Statistically significant associations were found between age group, education, income, and occupation among those who had undergone tonsillectomy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ages 18-30 years and 31-40 years (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.18-4.71, and OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.53-3.97) and education levels of high school, bachelors, and above (OR: 8.30, 95% CI: 3.05-22.58 and OR: 10.89, 95% CI: 4.23-28.05) were found to be associated with tonsillectomy status of the subjects. On the contrary, income levels of 5000-9000 and >9000 (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.36-1.17 and OR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.42-1.42) and male gender (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.52-1.19) were found to be associated with non-tonsillectomy status of subjects. Almost 36% of study subjects thought that tonsillectomy affects immunity. Only 18% of study subjects thought that there is a relationship between tonsillectomy and autoimmune diseases. About one-third of the respondents had received this information from community members and social media. A small number of study subjects relied on public awareness programs. Therefore, social media can play a vital role in the community to remove misconceptions regarding tonsillectomy and its effect on immunity and autoimmune disease. Further educational interventional studies are required to see the correction to the public perception of tonsillectomy and its effect on immunity and autoimmune diseases.

The Awareness of the Human Papillomavirus Infection and Oropharyngeal Cancer in People to Improve the Health Care System at Al Qunfudhah Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

With 14 million new infections each year, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among both men and women in the United States (US). Infections with the human papillomavirus (HPV) are responsible for a considerable portion of the global cancer burden. HPV-related oral malignancies are on the rise around the world, according to epidemiological studies. To provide accurate advice to their patients, dental practitioners require thorough, up-to-date HPV-related knowledge. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected by the purposely constructed questionnaire. A questionnaire composed of the demographic items and items related to the awareness and knowledge about Human papillomavirus. The questionnaire was constructed after a series of discussions between the panel of experts. This panel was composed of a subject specialist, researcher, and language expert. The Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was calculated. The study will be conducted in the Al Qunfudhah. Results. The Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.72. Out of a total of 550 respondents, with a mean (SD) age of 47.5 (11.5), the female respondents were 167 (30.4%) while male were 383 (69.6%). 20.5% of the respondents (out of 550) were having awareness of HPV. Implications. Knowledge of HPV-related oral cancer is critical, and it is advised to be taught as part of dental students' basic curriculum and clinical training. This problem can be solved by better educational training programs. Knowledge of HPV-related oral cancer is critical, and it is advised to be taught as part of dental students' basic curriculum and clinical training.