Outcome findings of COVID-19 vaccine among 31 977 pregnant women in Indonesia.

OBJECTIVE: We provide an overview of the safety of messenger RNA and inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and monitoring of pregnant women after COVID-19 vaccination. The vaccine safety outcome profile is beneficial for further recommendations of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy. METHODS: This research was conducted as descriptive research. Sampling was performed using an online questionnaire to be filled out voluntarily and distributed to all pregnant women in Indonesia who received the COVID-19 vaccination. Data collection was performed and descriptive statistics were obtained. RESULTS: Among 31 977 pregnant women, 24 212 (75.7%) received the first dose, 7619 (23.8%) received the second dose, and 146 (4.5%) received the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Sinovac vaccine is the most administered vaccine to pregnant women (27 122 [84%]). Most pregnant women (78.7%) who were vaccinated had no adverse effects after immunization, while the most reported adverse effects were mild symptoms. CONCLUSION: The current study contributed evidence that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy has minimal adverse effects. These findings may help pregnant women and healthcare providers to make informed decisions regarding vaccination.

The role of angiogenic factors in pre-eclampsia.

Preeclampsia is best described as a Pregnancy specific syndrome that can affect virtually every organ system. Preeclampsia, a systemic syndrome of pregnancy clinically characterized by new onset of proteinuria and hypertension, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality to both mothers and fetuses. Preeclampsia originates in the placenta, starting within adequate cytotrophoblast invasion and ending with widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction. Production of placental anti-angiogenic factors, specifically soluble fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin, have been shown to be upregulated in preeclampsia. These placental anti-angio-genic factors are released into the maternal circulation; their actions disrupt the maternal endothelium and result in hypertension, proteinuria, and the other systemic manifestations of preeclampsia. The molecular basis for placental dysregulation of these pathogenic factors remains unknown, remains unknown. Hypoxia is likely an important regulator. Other factors such as alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, immune maladaption, excessive shedding of trophoblast debris, oxidative stress, and genetic factors likely contribute to the pathogenesis of the abnormal placentation. The only successful treatment for preeclampsia is delivery. No definitive preventive strategies have been identified.