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Many studies and systematic reviews have been published about MRI of the knee and its structures, discussing detailed anatomy, imaging findings, and correlations between imaging and clinical findings. This paper includes evidence-based recommendations for a general radiologist regarding choice of imaging sequences and reporting basic MRI examinations of the knee. We recommend using clinicians' terminology when it is applicable to the imaging findings, for example, when reporting meniscal, ligament and tendon, or cartilage pathology. The intent is to standardise reporting language and to make reports less equivocal. The aim of the paper is to improve the usefulness of the MRI report by understanding the strengths and limitations of the MRI exam with regard to clinical correlation. We hope the implementation of these recommendations into radiological practice will increase diagnostic accuracy and consistency by avoiding pitfalls and reducing overcalling of pathology on MRI of the knee. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The recommendations presented here are meant to aid general radiologists in planning and assessing studies to evaluate acute and chronic knee findings by advocating the use of unequivocal terminology and discussing the strengths and limitations of MRI examination of the knee. KEY POINTS: ⢠On MRI, the knee should be examined and assessed in three orthogonal imaging planes. ⢠The basic general protocol must yield T2-weighted fluid-sensitive and T1-weighted images. ⢠The radiological assessment should include evaluation of ligamentous structures, cartilage, bony structures and bone marrow, soft tissues, bursae, alignment, and incidental findings.
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Peripheral nerve imaging provides information that can be critical to the diagnosis, staging, and management of peripheral neuropathies. MRI and ultrasound are the imaging modalities of choice for clinical evaluation of the peripheral nerves given their high soft tissue contrast and high resolution, respectively. This AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review describes MRI- and ultrasound-based techniques for peripheral nerve imaging; highlights considerations for imaging in the settings of trauma, entrapment syndromes, diffuse inflammatory neuropathies, and tumor; and discusses image-guided nerve interventions, focusing on nerve blocks and ablation.
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As per recommendations from the European Society of Radiology and the European Union of Medical Specialists, upon completion of level 3 radiology training, an objective assessment of the attained standards, aligned with national customs and practices, should take place. A subspecialty exam should ideally be an integral part of the training completion process. Among 10 of 13 European subspecialty societies currently offering a European subspecialty diploma, the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) diploma program was formally introduced by the ESSR in 2003. This article describes the evolution of the ESSR diploma, encompassing the current diploma program, validation procedures, endorsements, and future perspectives. Additionally, insights from a brief survey among ESSR diploma holders is shared, offering valuable tips for prospective candidates aiming to navigate the examination process successfully.
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Radiologia , Humanos , Radiologia/educação , Europa (Continente) , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Sociedades Médicas , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Certificação/métodos , Competência Clínica , Avaliação Educacional/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To perform a Delphi-based consensus on published evidence on image-guided interventional procedures for peripheral nerves of the lower limb (excluding Morton's neuroma) and provide clinical indications. METHODS: We report the results of a Delphi-based consensus of 53 experts from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided interventional procedures offered around peripheral nerves in the lower limb (excluding Morton's neuroma) to derive their clinical indications. Experts drafted a list of statements and graded them according to the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine levels of evidence. Consensus was considered strong when > 95% of experts agreed with the statement or broad when > 80% but < 95% agreed. The results of the Delphi-based consensus were used to write the paper. RESULTS: Nine statements on image-guided interventional procedures for peripheral nerves of the lower limb have been drafted. All of them received strong consensus. Image-guided pudendal nerve block is safe, effective, and well tolerated with few complications. US-guided perisciatic injection of anesthetic provides good symptom relief in patients with piriformis syndrome; however, the addition of corticosteroids to local anesthetics still has an unclear role. US-guided lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block can be used to provide effective post-operative regional analgesia. CONCLUSION: Despite the promising results reported by published papers on image-guided interventional procedures for peripheral nerves of the lower limb, there is still a lack of evidence on the efficacy of most procedures. KEY POINTS: ⢠Image-guided pudendal nerve block is safe, effective, and well tolerated with few complications. ⢠US-guided perisciatic injection of anesthetic provides good symptom relief in patients with piriformis syndrome; however, the addition of corticosteroids to local anesthetics still has an unclear role. ⢠US-guided lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block can be used to provide effective post-operative regional analgesia. The volume of local anesthetic affects the size of the blocked sensory area.
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Sistema Musculoesquelético , Radiologia , Anestésicos Locais , Consenso , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the hip are widely used in daily clinical practice. The need for clarity concerning the actual added value of imaging guidance and types of medications to be offered led the Ultrasound and the Interventional Subcommittees of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) to promote, with the support of its Research Committee, a collaborative project to review the published literature on image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures in the lower limb in order to derive a list of clinical indications. METHODS: In this article, we report the results of a Delphi-based consensus of 53 experts who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided interventional procedures offered in the joint and soft tissues around the hip in order of their clinical indications. RESULTS: Ten statements concerning image-guided treatment procedures around the hip have been collected by the panel of ESSR experts. CONCLUSIONS: This work highlighted that there is still low evidence in the existing literature on some of these interventional procedures. Further large prospective randomized trials are essential to better confirm the benefits and objectively clarify the role of imaging to guide musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the hip. KEY POINTS: ⢠Expert consensus produced a list of 10 evidence-based statements on clinical indications of image-guided interventional procedures around the hip. ⢠The highest level of evidence was only reached for one statement. ⢠Strong consensus was obtained for all statements.
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Sistema Musculoesquelético , Radiologia , Consenso , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia , Radiologia Intervencionista , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Interventional procedures around the knee are widely adopted for treating different musculoskeletal conditions. A panel of experts from the Ultrasound and Interventional Subcommittees of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) reviewed the existing literature to assess the evidence on image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures around the knee, with the goal of highlighting some controversies associated with these procedures, specifically the role of imaging guidance, as well as the efficacy of the medications routinely injected. METHODS: We report the results of a Delphi-based consensus of 53 experts in musculoskeletal radiology, who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided interventional procedures around the knee to derive a list of pertinent clinical indications. RESULTS: A list of 10 statements about clinical indications of image-guided procedures around the knee was created by a Delphi-based consensus. Only two of them had the highest level of evidence; all of them received 100% consensus. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography guidance is strongly recommended for intra-articular and patellar tendinopathy procedures to ensure the precision and efficacy of these treatments. Prospective randomized studies remain warranted to better understand the role of imaging guidance and assess some of the medications used for interventional procedures around the knee. KEY POINTS: ⢠A list of 10 evidence-based statements on clinical indications of image-guided interventional procedures around the knee was produced by an expert panel of the ESSR. ⢠Strong consensus with 100% agreement was obtained for all statements. ⢠Two statements reached the highest level of evidence, allowing us to strongly recommend the use of ultrasonography to guide intra-articular and patellar tendon procedures to ensure higher accuracy and efficacy of these treatments.
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Radiologia , Consenso , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia , Radiologia Intervencionista , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Clarity regarding accuracy and effectiveness for interventional procedures around the foot and ankle is lacking. Consequently, a board of 53 members of the Ultrasound and Interventional Subcommittees of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) reviewed the published literature to evaluate the evidence on image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures around this anatomical region. METHODS: We report the results of a Delphi-based consensus of 53 experts from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology who reviewed the published literature for evidence on image-guided interventional procedures offered around foot and ankle in order to derive their clinical indications. Experts drafted a list of statements and graded them according to the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine levels of evidence. Consensus was considered strong when > 95% of experts agreed with the statement or broad when > 80% but < 95% agreed. The results of the Delphi-based consensus were used to write the paper that was shared with all panel members for final approval. RESULTS: A list of 16 evidence-based statements on clinical indications for image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures in the foot and ankle were drafted after a literature review. The highest level of evidence was reported for four statements, all receiving 100% agreement. CONCLUSION: According to this consensus, image-guided interventions should not be considered a first-level approach for treating Achilles tendinopathy, while ultrasonography guidance is strongly recommended to improve the efficacy of interventional procedures for plantar fasciitis and Morton's neuroma, particularly using platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroids, respectively. KEY POINTS: ⢠The expert panel of the ESSR listed 16 evidence-based statements on clinical indications of image-guided musculoskeletal interventional procedures in the foot and ankle. ⢠Strong consensus was obtained for all statements. ⢠The highest level of evidence was reached by four statements concerning the effectiveness of US-guided injections of corticosteroid for Morton's neuroma and PRP for plantar fasciitis.
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Tendão do Calcâneo , Sistema Musculoesquelético , Radiologia , Tendinopatia , Tornozelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Consenso , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although image-guided interventional procedures of the elbow and wrist are routinely performed, there is poor evidence in the literature concerning such treatments. Our aim was to perform a Delphi-based consensus on published evidence on image-guided interventional procedures around the elbow and wrist and provide clinical indications on this topic. METHODS: A board of 45 experts in image-guided interventional musculoskeletal procedures from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology were involved in this Delphi-based consensus study. All panelists reviewed and scored published papers on image-guided interventional procedures around the elbow and wrist updated to September 2018 according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine levels of evidence. Consensus on statements drafted by the panelists about clinical indications was considered as "strong" when more than 95% of panelists agreed and as "broad" if more than 80% agreed. RESULTS: Eighteen statements were drafted, 12 about tendon procedures and 6 about intra-articular procedures. Only statement #15 reached the highest level of evidence (ultrasound-guided steroid wrist injections result in greater pain reduction and greater likelihood of attaining clinically important improvement). Seventeen statements received strong consensus (94%), while one received broad consensus (6%). CONCLUSIONS: There is still poor evidence in published papers on image-guided interventional procedures around the elbow and wrist. A strong consensus has been achieved in 17/18 (94%) statements provided by the panel on clinical indications. Large prospective randomized trials are needed to better define the role of these procedures in clinical practice. KEY POINTS: ⢠The panel provided 18 evidence-based statements on clinical indications of image-guided interventional procedures around the elbow and wrist. ⢠Only statement #15 reached the highest level of evidence: ultrasound-guided steroid wrist injections result in greater pain reduction and greater likelihood of attaining clinically important improvement. ⢠Seventeen statements received strong consensus (94%), while broad consensus was obtained by 1 statement (6%).
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Doença de De Quervain/terapia , Tendinopatia do Cotovelo/terapia , Radiografia Intervencionista , Dedo em Gatilho/terapia , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Técnica Delphi , Agulhamento Seco , Articulação do Cotovelo , Fluoroscopia , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Ácido Hialurônico/administração & dosagem , Injeções , Injeções Intra-Articulares , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia , Tenotomia , Viscossuplementos/administração & dosagem , Articulação do PunhoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Image-guided interventional procedures of the nerves are commonly performed by physicians from different medical specialties, although there is a lack of clinical indications for these types of procedures. This Delphi-based consensus provided a list of indications on image-guided interventional procedures for nerves of the upper limb based on updated published evidence. METHODS: An expert panel of 45 members of the Ultrasound and Interventional Subcommittees of the ESSR participated in this Delphi-based consensus study. After revision of the published papers on image-guided interventional procedures for nerves of the upper limb updated to September 2018, the experts drafted a list of statements according to the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine levels of evidence. Consensus on statements regarding clinical indications was considered as strong when more than 95% of experts agreed, and broad if more than 80% agreed. RESULTS: Ten statements were drafted on procedures for nerves of the upper limb. Only two statements reached the highest level of evidence (ultrasound guidance is a safe and effective method for brachial plexus block; ultrasound-guided non-surgical approaches are safe and effective methods to treat carpal tunnel syndrome in the short term, but there is sparse evidence on the mid- and long-term effectiveness of these interventions). Strong consensus was obtained on 6/10 statements (60%), while 4/10 statements reached broad consensus (40%). CONCLUSIONS: This Delphi-based consensus study reported poor evidence on image-guided interventional procedures for nerves of the upper limb. Sixty percent of statements on clinical indications provided by the expert board reached a strong consensus. KEY POINTS: ⢠An expert panel of the ESSR provided 10 evidence-based statements on clinical indications for image-guided interventional procedures for nerves of the upper limb ⢠Two statements reached the highest level of evidence ⢠Strong consensus was obtained on 6/10 statements (60%), while 4/10 statements reached broad consensus (40%).
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Consenso , Nervos Periféricos/cirurgia , Radiologia , Sociedades Médicas , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Extremidade Superior/inervação , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/cirurgia , Técnica Delphi , Humanos , Nervos Periféricos/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Extremidade Superior/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Image-guided interventional procedures around the shoulder are commonly performed in clinical practice, although evidence regarding their effectiveness is scarce. We report the results of a Delphi method review of evidence on literature published on image-guided interventional procedures around the shoulder with a list of clinical indications. METHODS: Forty-five experts in image-guided musculoskeletal procedures from the ESSR participated in a consensus study using the Delphic method. Peer-reviewed papers regarding interventional procedures around the shoulder up to September 2018 were scored according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine levels of evidence. Statements on clinical indications were constructed. Consensus was considered as strong if more than 95% of experts agreed and as broad if more than 80% agreed. RESULTS: A total of 20 statements were drafted, and 5 reached the highest level of evidence. There were 10 statements about tendon procedures, 6 about intra-articular procedures, and 4 about intrabursal injections. Strong consensus was obtained in 16 of them (80%), while 4 received broad consensus (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Literature evidence on image-guided interventional procedures around the shoulder is limited. A strong consensus has been reached for 80% of statements. The ESSR recommends further research to potentially influence treatment options, patient outcomes, and social impact. KEY POINTS: ⢠Expert consensus produced a list of 20 evidence-based statements on clinical indications of image-guided interventional procedures around the shoulder. ⢠The highest level of evidence was reached for five statements. ⢠Strong consensus was obtained for 16 statements (80%), while 4 received broad consensus (20%).
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Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Ombro/cirurgia , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Consenso , Técnica Delphi , Humanos , Sistema Musculoesquelético/cirurgia , Radiografia , Radiologia , Sociedades MédicasRESUMO
No official data exist on the status of musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology in Europe. The Committee for National Societies conducted an international survey to understand the status of training, subspecialization, and local practice among the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) partner societies. This article reports the results of that survey. An online questionnaire was distributed to all 26 European national associations that act as official partner societies of the ESSR. The 24 questions were subdivided into six sections: society structure, relationship with the national radiological society, subspecialization, present radiology practice, MSK interventional procedures, and MSK ultrasound. The findings of our study show a lack of standardized training and/or accreditation methods in the field of MSK radiology at a national level. The European diploma in musculoskeletal radiology is directed to partly overcome this problem; however, this certification is still underrecognized. Using certification methods, a more homogeneous European landscape could be created in the future with a view to subspecialist training. MSK ultrasound and MSK interventional procedures should be performed by a health professional with a solid knowledge of the relevant imaging modalities and sufficient training in MSK radiology. Recognition of MSK radiology as an official subspecialty would make the field more attractive for younger colleagues as well as attracting the brightest and best, an important key to further development of both clinical and academic radiology. KEY POINTS: · Standardized training and/or accreditation methods in the field of MSK radiology is lacking at a national level.. · With certification methods, such as the European diploma in musculoskeletal radiology, a more homogeneous European landscape could be created in the future with a view to subspecialist training.. · Recognition of MSK radiology as an official subspecialty would make the field more attractive for younger colleagues as well as attracting the brightest and best, an important key to further development of both clinical and academic radiology..
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Diagnóstico por Imagem/tendências , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Sociedades MédicasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Some orthopedic surgeons request a posterior approach for shoulder magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography, especially in patients with anterior shoulder instability, to avoid interpretive difficulties in differentiating anterior extraarticular contrast injection when using an anterior approach from ventral leakage of contrast. PURPOSE: To determine the occurrence of ventral leakage of contrast in shoulder MR arthrography when using a posterior approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospectively, we included 73 consecutive patients who underwent shoulder MR arthrography (1.0 Tesla) using the posterior approach. Three unsuccessful procedures were excluded. Ventral leakage of contrast, defined as contrast seen around the musculus subscapularis without distention of the posterior capsule, was recorded. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: Seventy shoulders were included. Forty-one left shoulders were involved (59%). Mean age of patients was 49 years (range, 17-76 years). Thirty-five patients were women (50%). Ventral leakage of contrast was seen in 12 shoulders (17%). CONCLUSION: As ventral leakage of contrast was seen in a substantial number of cases when using a posterior approach in shoulder MR arthrography, the use of a posterior approach is advised to avoid misinterpretation of ventral contrast leakage with accidental extra articular contrast injection, and to increase confidence in the final radiological diagnosis.
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Meios de Contraste , Extravasamento de Materiais Terapêuticos e Diagnósticos , Iohexol/análogos & derivados , Instabilidade Articular/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Meglumina , Compostos Organometálicos , Articulação do Ombro/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Fluoroscopia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Ultrasound is a powerful technique in pediatric imaging and musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging in many specific clinical scenarios. This article will feature some common and less common spot diagnoses in pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound.Cases were collected by members of the Educational Committee of the ESSR (European Society of musculoSkeletal Radiology) and the Pediatric Subcommittee of the ESSR with expertise in musculoskeletal ultrasound.Fifteen clinical entities are discussed based on the features that allow diagnosis by ultrasound.Clinical history, location, and ultrasound appearance are the keys to spot diagnoses when performing pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound. · Ultrasound in pediatric musculoskeletal imaging can achieve a diagnosis in specific clinical settings.. · Clinical history, location, and ultrasound appearance are keys to spot diagnoses.. · Knowledge of spot diagnoses in pediatric musculoskeletal ultrasound facilitates daily clinical practice..
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OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding normal labral variants at MRI. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase. For each included study, information regarding normal labral variants and findings in asymptomatic subjects was extracted. RESULTS: There were 24 studies in symptomatic patients, evaluating 822 hips. The presence of a sublabral sulcus was reported by four studies in 41 hips (5 % of all evaluated hips), occurring at all anatomical locations. There were 3 cadaver studies, investigating 32 hips and reporting no normal labral variants. There were 8 studies in asymptomatic subjects, evaluating 1,096 hips. Labral tears were reported in 213 hips (19 %); no sublabral sulci were reported. Labral shape was most commonly triangular (59-89 %), whereas rounded (11-16 %), flattened (13-37 %) and teardrop (41 %) shapes were less frequently seen. Overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate, with median total quality scores of 43 % (symptomatic patients), 71 % (cadavers) and 70 % (asymptomatic subjects). CONCLUSION: At MRI, a sublabral sulcus can be found at any anatomical location. Our results suggest that its prevalence is at least 5 % in symptomatic patients. The most common labral shape is triangular. Rounded, flattened and teardrop shapes are less frequent but are also encountered in asymptomatic subjects. KEY POINTS: ⢠A sublabral sulcus can be detected by MRI at any anatomical site ⢠Its prevalence is estimated to be at least 5 % in symptomatic patients ⢠The most common shape of the hip labrum is triangular ⢠Rounded, flattened and teardrop shapes are less frequent.
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Quadril/anatomia & histologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Acetábulo/anatomia & histologia , Acetábulo/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cadáver , Feminino , Quadril/patologia , Articulação do Quadril/anatomia & histologia , Articulação do Quadril/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In this study, we present the case of a 74-year-old male patient who presented with a painful pretibial swelling. The patient had a history of varices of the ipsilateral leg for which he had undergone stripping and ligation. At physical examination, pretibial varices and an associated soft tissue swelling were found. Ultrasound revealed pretibial varices, one of which caused a defect on the anterior tibial cortex. Plain radiography showed a small subcortical lucency of the tibial shaft. MRI confirmed the presence of pretibial varices, one of which perforated through the anterior tibial cortex and then coursed intramedullary as an enlarged intraosseous vein. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of varices with an intraosseous venous drainage anomaly was made. The patient was subsequently successfully treated by ambulatory minisurgical phlebectomy. Knowledge and recognition of this intraosseous venous drainage anomaly, which is a rare condition, is pivotal for correct patient management. We review clinical and imaging findings, and discuss previously reported cases.
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Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Tíbia/irrigação sanguínea , Tíbia/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Ultrassonografia Doppler em Cores/métodos , Varizes/diagnóstico , Veias/anormalidades , Veias/patologia , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Flebografia , Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a well-established surgical procedure. However, post-operative imaging in the early phase is not routinely performed. The rationale for performing such imaging is to provide a baseline examination for future controls, to provide immediate feedback to surgeons regarding tunnel placement, and to assess placement of fixation devices. The purpose of this paper is to enable the reader to accurately read post-operative radiographs and CT scans after single-bundle ACL reconstruction.
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Reconstrução do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/métodos , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Traumatismos do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos do Joelho/cirurgia , Posicionamento do Paciente/métodos , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Humanos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To provide an overview of existing Subspecialty Exams and Diplomas in Radiology and their endorsement as well as to providing an insight into the status of subspecialisation in radiology in Europe. The European Training Curriculum for Subspecialisation in Radiology mentions thirteen fields of subspecialisation within radiology. The websites of the corresponding subspecialty societies were checked for Subspecialty Exams and Diplomas. In addition, we performed a survey among European radiologists regarding subspecialisation in radiology. RESULTS: Ten out of 13 European subspecialty societies offer a European subspecialty diploma. At least 7 out of the 10 European subspecialties societies in radiology offering a European subspecialty diploma obtained European Society of Radiology (ESR) endorsement. Two out of 10 obtained European Union of Medical Specialists-Council of European Specialist Medical Assessment endorsement. Survey among European radiologists who were ESR full members in March 2021 demonstrated that almost 20% of respondents indicated that they have no subspecialisation. Another 15% indicated that their area of subspecialisation is not recognised in their country of work. Eighty-four percent of respondents would like their area of subspecialisation in radiology to be officially recognised. According to the respondents, the major benefit of having their subspecialisation in radiology officially recognised is personal interest (45%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a desire for more subspecialty recognition in radiology among European radiologists. Therefore, European subspecialty diplomas in radiology fulfil a need. Furthermore, there is room for further harmonisation and implementation on a European level regarding subspecialty training and recognition in radiology. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: As there is a desire for more subspecialty recognition in radiology among European radiologists, European subspecialty diplomas in radiology fulfil a need and there is still room for further harmonisation and implementation on a European level regarding subspecialty training in radiology. KEY POINTS: ⢠Radiology has 13 subspecialties as per the European Training Curriculum for Subspecialisation. ⢠Currently, 15 subspecialty diplomas are offered by European subspecialty societies in radiology ⢠Members of the European Society of Radiology seek greater recognition of radiology subspecialties.
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INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound is a powerful technique in musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging, and it can replace MR imaging in many specific clinical scenarios. This article will feature some common and less common spot diagnoses in musculoskeletal ultrasound. SPOT DIAGNOSIS: Cases were collected by members of the Educational Committee of the ESSR ( European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology) with expertise in musculoskeletal ultrasound. Sixteen clinical entities are discussed based on the features that allow US spot diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Clinical history, location, and ultrasound appearance are the keys to spot diagnoses when performing musculoskeletal ultrasound. KEY POINTS: · Musculoskeletal ultrasound can be the primary and only modality in common spot diagnoses in specific clinical settings.. · Clinical history, location, and ultrasound appearance are keys to spot diagnoses.. · Knowledge of spot diagnoses in musculoskeletal ultrasound facilitates daily clinical practice.. CITATION FORMAT: · Drakonaki EE, Martinoli C, Vanhoenacker FM etâal. The Beauty of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Spot Diagnoses. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 385â-â392.