First report of a mermithid nematode infecting the invasive Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) in the United States.

Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) has become a pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.), in the United States. While several natural enemies of M. cribraria have been reported, our study is the first to report nematodes beneath the pleural membranes in the abdominal cavities of adults. Morphological and molecular analyses suggest this nematode belongs to the family Mermithidae. This first report of a nematode infection in M. cribraria adds to the current inventory of enemies attacking this insect. Our observations provide a basis for future research to examine the impact of nematodes on M. cribraria mortality and to investigate their capacity to reduce populations.

Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for conservation genetic studies of the coral reef fish Centropyge bicolor.

A total of 23 novel polymorphic microsatellite marker loci were developed for the angelfish Centropyge bicolor through 454 sequencing, and further tested on two spatially separated populations (90 individuals each) from Kimbe Bay in Papua New Guinea. The mean ± s.e. number of alleles per locus was 14·65 ± 1·05, and mean ± s.e. observed (HO ) and expected (HE ) heterozygosity frequencies were 0·676 ± 0·021 and 0·749 ± 0·018, respectively. The markers reported here constitute the first specific set for this genus and will be useful for future conservation genetic studies in the Indo-Pacific region.

First Report of Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus magnistylus) on Corn, Soybean, and Cotton in Tennessee.

The lance nematode Hoplolaimus magnistylus Robbins 1982 (3) was found for the first time in Tennessee in a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) field (35°19.550' N, 89°24.535' W) in Fayette County in May 2011. In June of the same year, the species was also found in soil samples collected from a corn (Zea mays L.) field (36°15.736' N, 88°51.121' W) and a soybean (Glycine max L.) field (36°15.616' N, 88°51.118' W) in Weakley County, TN. Nematodes were extracted from the soil with a semi-automatic elutriator and further processed by sugar flotation-centrifugation. Population densities were between 30 and 50 individuals per 100 cm3 of soil in areas with noticeable stunting. Helicotylenchus sp. and Pratylenchus sp. were also present at less than 10 individuals per 100 cm3 of soil. Ten soybean seeds, cv. Hutcheson, were planted and inoculated with 50 H. magnistylus per 100 cm3 in steam-sterilized soil, and were maintained in a greenhouse. Forty-five days later, soybean plants exhibited at least one of the following symptoms: stunting and chlorosis, reduced root growth, and localized root lesions. Individual nematodes were handpicked and identified under a compound light microscope as H. magnistylus based on morphological and morphometric characteristics. The main diagnostic character for this species is the size of the stylet. In the populations collected, females had stylets ranging from 49 to 58 µm (mean 56 µm). Males and females were observed with head distinctly set off and massive cephalic framework, stylet long and robust and stylet knobs pointed anteriorly. The lateral field was areolated and had four incisures most of the body length, the excretory pore was prominent and located 190 µm (175 to 200 µm) from anterior end, hemizonid was large and located one or two annules posterior to the excretory pore, phasmids were large, conspicuous, and variable in position, and vulva was prominent and near midbody. This species is most similar to the more commonly reported H. galeatus, but differs from it in the longer stylet. Total DNA was extracted from single adults from each soil sample and the species-specific primers Hoc-1f (5'-AACCTGCTGCTGGATCATTA-3') and HM-3r (5'-AGACTGGACGGCCAAAGTT-3') designed by Bae et al. (1) were used to confirm the identification by amplification of a distinct 340-bp amplicon that differentiates this species from H. columbus, H. galeatus, H. concaudajuvencus, and H. stephanus. H. magnistylus was first described from soil samples taken from a corn and soybean field in Marianna, AR (3), and has been reported in association with soybean and corn in Louisiana and Mississippi (4). Robbins (4) reported that H. magnistylus was not a serious pest of irrigated cotton in Arkansas, but there are no other pathogenicity studies published for soybean, corn, or non-irrigated cotton. Other lance species, mainly H. galeatus and H. columbus, have been reported to cause serious damage to cotton in the Carolinas and Georgia (3). Previously, H. galeatus was reported in Tennessee by Bernard (2). Lance nematodes feed as migratory endo- and ectoparasites and injure the growing points of roots, causing stunting of plants. Because so little is known about the pathogenicity of this nematode, it becomes relevant to add our records of its known distribution in field crops in the United States. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. magnistylus in Tennessee. References: (1) C. H. Bae et al. Nematology 11:471, 2009. (2) E. C. Bernard. University of Tennessee Bulletin 594, 1980. (3) R. T. Robbins. J. Nematol. 14:500, 1982. (4) R. T. Robbins. J. Nematol. 30(4S):590, 1998.

First Report of Stubby Root Caused by Trichodorus obtusus on Zoysiagrass and Bermudagrass in South Carolina.

In September 2011, diagnostic samples were taken from 'Tifway' Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) tees and from 'Emerald' Zoysia (Zoysia japonica) roughs of a golf course in Charleston, SC. Additional samples were taken from a sod farm located near Charleston, SC from a field of 'Empire' Zoysia. The soil was sandy loam and the samples were taken at a depth of 10 to 15 cm from symptomatic turf. Symptoms on bermudagrass and zoysiagrass included stubby roots and lightly to severely chlorotic or dead patches of irregular sizes and shapes. Nematodes were extracted by sugar centrifugal-flotation and counted. The predominant nematode species recovered was Trichodorus obtusus Cobb, 1913: syn. T. proximus Allen, 1957, n.syn. (3). Nematode densities (per 100 cm3 of soil) were 30 to 170 (average 94, n = 5) at the sod farm, and 30 to 230 (average 107, n = 7) at the golf course. This nematode has been reported as a pathogen of bermudagrass in Florida, where it is more damaging than Paratrichodorus minor, the other stubby root nematode commonly associated with turfgrass (1). In Florida, 120 T. obtusus individuals per 100 cm3 is considered high risk (2). We have encountered several additional samples from across South Carolina with comparable densities since our first diagnosis. Infested soil (94 individuals per 100 cm3) collected from the sod farm was put into columns and planted with 'Empire' sod and maintained in the greenhouse. After 140 days, the population density increased to an average of 230 individuals per 100 cm3. Plants were prone to wilting and new root growth showed symptoms similar to those observed in the field. Morphologic and morphometric identification of T. obtusus was made by examining male and female specimens in temporary water mounts. Males had ventrally curved spicules with three ventral precloacal papillae, with the posterior papilla just anterior to the head of the retracted spicules, one ventromedian cervical papilla anterior to the excretory pore, and tail with non-thickened terminal cuticle. Females had a deep, barrel-shaped, pore-like vulva, and one or two postadvulvar lateral body pores on each side. Males and females had distinctly offset esophagus. Females (n = 10) were 1,100 to 1,440 (1,250) µm long, body width 40 to 53 (45) µm, onchiostyle 63 to 75 (67) µm, and V 583 to 770 (673) µm. Males (n = 10) were 1,076 to 1,353 (1,222) µm long, body width 33 to 45 (39) µm, onchiostyle 62 to 69 (65) µm, and spicule 55 to 63 (59) µm. From individuals representing the two locations, an 898-bp section of the 18S rDNA region was sequenced using primers 37F (5'-GCCGCGAAAAGCTCATTACAAC-3') and 932R (5'-TATCTGATCGCTGTCGAACC-3') (4). A BLASTn search revealed no similar sequences to those of our two populations (Accessions JX289834 and JX279930). As such, it appears that these are the first sequences of this portion of the 18S rDNA for T. obtusus, although a different, non-overlapping portion of 18S was found in GenBank (AY146460) under the synonym T. proximus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. obtusus on zoysiagrass and the first report of the species on bermudagrass in South Carolina. References: (1) W. T. Crow and J. K. Welch. Nematropica 34:31, 2004. (2) W. T. Crow et al. Florida Nematode Management Guide. SP-54. University of Florida, Gainesville, 2003. (3) W. Decraemer. The Family Trichodoridae: Stubby Root and Virus Vector Nematodes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Pp. 27-30, 1995. (4) I. Duarte et al. Nematology 12:171, 2010.

Incidence and Pathogenicity of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) Replant Disease in Georgia and North Carolina.

Blueberry replant disease (BRD) is an emerging threat to continued blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) production in Georgia and North Carolina. Since high populations of ring nematode Mesocriconema ornatum were found to be associated with commercially grown blueberries in Georgia, we hypothesized that M. ornatum may be responsible for predisposing blueberry to BRD. We therefore tested the pathogenicity of M. ornatum on 10-wk-old Rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium virgatum) by inoculating with initial populations (Pi) of 0 (water control), 10, 100, 1,000. and 10,000 mixed stages of M. ornatum/pot under both greenhouse (25 ± 2°C) and field microplot conditions. Nematode soil population densities and reproduction rates were assessed 75, 150, 225, and 255, and 75, 150, 225, and 375 d after inoculation (DAI) in both the greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. Plant growth parameters were recorded in the greenhouse and field microplot experiments at 255 and 375 DAI, respectively. The highest M. ornatum population density occurred with the highest Pi level, at 75 and 150 DAI under both greenhouse (P < 0.01) and field (P < 0.01) conditions. However, M. ornatum rate of reproduction increased significantly in pots receiving the lowest Pi level of 10 nematodes/plant compared with the pots receiving Pi levels of 100, 1,000, and 10,000 nematodes 75 DAI. Plant-parasitic nematode populations were determined in commercial blueberry replant sites in Georgia and North Carolina during the 2010 growing season. Mesocriconema ornatum and Dolichodorus spp. were the predominant plant-parasitic nematodes in Georgia and North Carolina, respectively, with M. ornatum occurring in nearly half the blueberry fields sampled in Georgia. Other nematode genera detected in both states included Tylenchorhynchus spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Hemicycliophora spp., and Xiphinema spp. Paratrichodorus spp. was also found only in Georgia. In Georgia, our results indicate that blueberry is a host for M. ornatum and its relationship to BRD warrants further investigation.

Aboveground Root Collar Excavation of Peach Trees for Armillaria Root Rot Management.

Root collar excavation (RCE) has been applied to established citrus trees and grapevines for Armillaria root rot (ARR) control but, despite its demonstrated effectiveness, this cultural management system is not routinely used for ARR protection in disease-infested replant sites. One major drawback is the difficulty of excavating the belowground root collar, the potential of excavated roots to be covered again with surrounding soil, and the associated labor cost. In this study, a new cultural method was investigated that resulted in trees with aboveground excavated root collars, potentially eliminating many of the drawbacks. Experimental peach trees were planted in two commercial orchards (designated Landrum and Monetta) in South Carolina; each tree replaced one that had declined from ARR disease the year before. Trees were planted approximately 40 cm higher than normal in open-bottom Smart Pots and root collars were excavated above ground level 8 months later. Five years after planting, 30 and 70% of all control trees (planted according to grower standard) had declined from ARR disease in Landrum and Monetta, respectively, whereas only 0 and 10%, respectively, of trees in the aboveground root collar excavation (AGRCE) treatment had declined. The difference in disease pressure between the two locations could not be attributed to differences in nematode pressure. Nonexcavated trees in Smart Pots revealed significantly less tree decline (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the control but tree decline in both locations was greater compared with the AG-RCE treatment (P ≤ 0.05). Trees in the AG-RCE treatment were as vigorous as the controls but produced more root suckers. In this 'prototype' study, we demonstrate the potential of aboveground root collar excavation for ARR management. Its potential for commercial use is discussed.

First Report of the Spiral Nematode Scutellonema brachyurum on Lilyturf in the United States.

Lilyturf (Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey), an herbaceous plant, is commonly used in landscaping including borders (along sidewalks, driveways, and trees) and mass plantings as groundcover in the southeastern United States. In December of 2009, a soil sample was submitted to our lab for diagnosis of plant-parasitic nematodes from an area planted with lilyturf located on the Clemson University main campus. A high population density (1,220 individuals/100 cm3 of soil) of spiral nematodes (Scutellonema brachyurum (Steiner, 1938) Andrássy, 1958) was found by routine extraction by sugar centrifugal flotation (3). Other plant-parasitic nematodes, mainly ring nematodes (10 individuals/100 cm3) and stubby root nematodes (10 individuals/100 cm3), were present. To verify if high numbers of spiral nematodes were consistently associated with lilyturf, 20 additional soil and root samples were collected from different places on the campus. In all cases, S. brachyurum was found in densities ranging from 680 to 1,600 individuals/100 cm3 of soil (average of 1,210 individuals/100 cm3). The species was identified by morphological characters of females, including well developed stylet (26 to 30 µm long), no spermatheca, no sperm in uterus, tail broadly rounded with 8 to 12 annules between anus and tail, and scutella at anus level. As is commonly the case for this species, no males were found in any of the samples collected. Examination of the roots revealed numerous, small, reddish brown, necrotic lesions, apparently caused by the feeding and penetration of S. brachyurum. Host plant suitability and pathogenicity of the nematode were tested in the greenhouse. Ten nematode-free lilyturf plants grown individually in 15-cm-diameter plastic pots with pasteurized soil were inoculated with 1,000 spiral nematodes each. Ten uninoculated plants were kept under identical conditions as controls. Three months after inoculation, soil population densities were measured and reproduction factors were calculated to be between 2.8 and 5.4 (final population density divided by initial population density) for the 10 plants. Characteristic lesions previously described were observed in the roots of all inoculated plants, along with slight chlorosis of foliage. These symptoms were not observed on control plants. Spiral nematodes may attack the roots and stolons of lilyturf as ectoparasites or they may enter them and feed in the cortex as endoparasites. Although root lesions were common on affected plants, root injury in general was not severe and generalized root decay was not observed on either the collected plants or those from the greenhouse study. Reports on the pathogenicity of S. brachyurum are variable. Moderate damage was recorded on amaryllis and other ornamentals (4), while measurable damage was observed on tobacco (2), with approximately 100 individuals/100 cm3 of soil, and severe damage on Aloe vera ((L.) Burm. f.), with approximately 500 individuals/100 cm3 (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. brachyurum causing visible symptoms on lilyturf. As the interstate and international movement of perennial plants continues to grow, awareness of the host status of potentially harmful nematodes becomes essential information. References: (1) R. P. Esser et al. Nematropica 16:65, 1986. (2) T. W. Graham. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 45:347, 1955. (3) W. R. Jenkins. Plant Dis. Rep. 48:692, 1964. (4) L. Nong and G. F. Weber. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 54:902, 1964.

Estimating connectivity in marine populations: an empirical evaluation of assignment tests and parentage analysis under different gene flow scenarios.

The application of spatially explicit models of population dynamics to fisheries management and the design marine reserve network systems has been limited due to a lack of empirical estimates of larval dispersal. Here we compared assignment tests and parentage analysis for examining larval retention and connectivity under two different gene flow scenarios using panda clownfish (Amphiprion polymnus) in Papua New Guinea. A metapopulation of panda clownfish in Bootless Bay with little or no genetic differentiation among five spatially discrete locations separated by 2-6 km provided the high gene flow scenario. The low gene flow scenario compared the Bootless Bay metapopulation with a genetically distinct population (F(ST )= 0.1) located at Schumann Island, New Britain, 1500 km to the northeast. We used assignment tests and parentage analysis based on microsatellite DNA data to identify natal origins of 177 juveniles in Bootless Bay and 73 juveniles at Schumann Island. At low rates of gene flow, assignment tests correctly classified juveniles to their source population. On the other hand, parentage analysis led to an overestimate of self-recruitment within the two populations due to the significant deviation from panmixia when both populations were pooled. At high gene flow (within Bootless Bay), assignment tests underestimated self-recruitment and connectivity among subpopulations, and grossly overestimated self-recruitment within the overall metapopulation. However, the assignment tests did identify immigrants from distant (genetically distinct) populations. Parentage analysis clearly provided the most accurate estimates of connectivity in situations of high gene flow.

First Report of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Chrysanthemum in Colombia.

Severe plant stunting, chlorosis, and extensive root galling were observed on chrysanthemum (Dendrathema grandiflora cv. Yellow Vero) in a commercial cut-flower production facility in Rionegro, Antioquia, northwestern Colombia. Examination of the root samples from selected infected plants revealed the presence of abundant root-knot nematodes. Juveniles, males, and females were extracted for species identification using morphological characteristics. Identification was confirmed by perineal patterns and esterase phenotype analysis of females. All methods of identification were consistent with typical Meloidogyne javanica. No other root-knot nematode species were found on this farm, but the presence of other Meloidogyne species in the region is possible. Root-knot nematodes have been reported to cause economic losses in cut-flower plantations in Colombia (1), but there are no reports of the species involved. M. javanica has an extensive host range and wide distribution. The identification and distribution of M. javanica in chrysanthemum production is relevant because nematode-fungus interactions may depend on the nematode species involved. Only M. javanica, and not M. hapla or M. incognita, has been found to increase the severity of Fusarium wilt on chrysanthemum (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. javanica on chrysanthemum in Colombia. References: (1) G. Arbeláez. Acta Hortic. 482:91, 1999. (2) A. W. Johnson and R. H. Littrell. J. Nematol. 1:122. 1969.

[Neuropsychological Assessment of Children: a test battery for children between 5 and 16 years of age. A Colombian normative study]. / Evaluacion Neuropsicologica Infantil (ENI): bateria para la evaluacion de niños entre 5 y 16 años de edad. Estudio normativo colombiano.

INTRODUCTION: A neuropsychological test battery for 5 to 16 year old children has recently been developed. This battery is called Neuropsychological Assessment of Children (Evaluacion Neuropsicológica Infantil, ENI) and it includes the following sections: attention, constructional skills, memory encoding, perceptual skills, memory recall, language, metalinguistic skills, reading, writing, arithmetic, spatial skills, conceptual skills and executive functions. AIMS: Our aim was to obtain norms for the ENI in a Colombian population between 5 and 16 years of age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We selected 252 children (92 boys and 160 girls) in the city of Manizales (Colombia), and they were administered the ENI. In order to obtain an external validity, 21 of the participants were also given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised (WISC R). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found on most of the subtests across age groups. Differences between boys and girls appeared more specifically in tests of visuoperceptual, visual constructional, spatial and numerical skills. Some of the ENI subtests correlated with the WISC R subtests. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the ENI could satisfy the existing need in the Spanish speaking world for neuropsychological tools with which to assess children and adolescents.

Enseñanza y evaluación en pediatría mediante la simulación: descripción de dos escenarios simulados / Teaching and evaluation in pediatrics using simulation: description of two simulated scenarios / Ensino e avaliação em pediatria utilizando simulação: descrição de dois cenários simulados

La educación basada en la simulación en áreas de la salud ha sido ampliamente utilizada en los últimos años, al punto de constituir \r\nuna forma de enseñanza y evaluación a la vanguardia de la tecnología, ya que permite el perfeccionamiento de habilidades, el \r\ndesarrollo de competencias y la evaluación objetiva. De esa manera, esta se ha convertido en una estrategia de innovación educa\r\n-\r\ntiva que permite afrontar algunos de los nuevos retos en la educación médica. Dentro de las estrategias de simulación se destacan \r\nla devolución constructiva inmediata y el examen clínico objetivo estructurado. En el presente trabajo se describen dos escenarios \r\nsimulados pediátricos diseñados por los autores: uno aborda el manejo inmediato del recién nacido y otro el reconocimiento de \r\nsignos de enfermedad respiratoria aguda en niños de dos meses a cinco años de edad, escenarios que pueden ser utilizados para \r\nla enseñanza y la evaluación tanto en programas de pregrado como de posgrado.

Teaching based on simulation in health areas has been widely \r\nused in the last years, constituting a form of teaching method \r\nand evaluation at the forefront of technology, which allows \r\nthe improvement of skills, acquisition of competences, and an \r\nobjective evaluation. In this way, it has converted to an educa\r\n-\r\ntional innovate strategy that allows to face some of the new \r\nchallenges of medical teaching. Among the strategies of simu\r\n-\r\nlation, the immediate constructive feedback and the objective \r\nstructured clinical examination was highlighted. In the present \r\nstudy two simulated pediatric scenarios developed by the \r\nauthors of this document are described: one of them is about \r\nthe immediate care of a newborn and the other about recog\r\n-\r\nnizing signs of acute respiratory pathology in children from two \r\nmonths to five years old; both of these scenarios can be used to \r\nteach and evaluate at a undergraduate and postgraduate level.

A educação baseada na simulação, em áreas da saúde, tem \r\nsido amplamente utilizada nos últimos anos, constituindo-se \r\nem uma forma de ensino e avaliação da vanguarda da tecno\r\n-\r\nlogia, uma vez que permite o aperfeiçoamento de habilidade, \r\naquisição de competências e avaliação objetiva. Deste modo, \r\nela se converteu em uma estratégia de inovação educativa, \r\nque permitiu enfrentar alguns dos novos desafios na educação \r\nmédica. Dentro das estratégias de simulação se destacam \r\no retorno construtivo imediato e o exame clínico objetivo \r\nestruturado. No presente trabalho são descritos os cenários \r\npediátricos simulados, elaborados pelos autores do presente \r\ndocumento: um deles é sobre o manuseio imediato do recém-\r\nnascido e outro sobre o reconhecimento de sinais de doença \r\nrespiratória aguda em crianças de dois meses a cinco anos \r\nde idade, cenários que podem ser utilizados para o ensino e \r\navaliação tanto em programas de graduação quanto de pós-\r\ngraduação.

Hidroneumotórax secundario a extravasación de nutrición parenteral al espacio pleural: informe de caso / Secondary hydropneumothorax due to extravasations for pa - renteral nutrition in the pleural spaces: case report / Hidropneumotórax secundário devido ao extravasamento de nutrição parenteral para o espaço pleural: relato de caso

En la actualidad, el uso de accesos venosos centrales es esencial en las unidades neonatales. Las venas de los neonatos son \r\npequeñas y frágiles y las líneas venosas usualmente se requieren por largos periodos, lo cual incrementa la propensión a complica\r\n-\r\nciones traumáticas o iatrogénicas. El ultrasonido puede aumentar la precisión y seguridad de inserción del catéter venoso central \r\ny reducir las complicaciones en niños y neonatos cuando se canaliza la vena yugular, pero no reemplaza los métodos rutinarios \r\nde confirmación.\r\nSe presenta a continuación el caso de un neonato que desarrolló hidrotórax como consecuencia de la extravasación de nutrición \r\nparenteral en el espacio pleural derecho tras la colocación de un catéter en la vena yugular interna derecha.

Currently, the use of central venous accesses in newborn units \r\nis essential. The veins of newborns are small and fragile, and \r\nvenous lines are usually needed for long periods, increasing \r\nthe susceptibility of traumatic or iatrogenic complications. \r\nUltrasound may increase the accuracy and safety for CVC \r\ninsertions and reduce complications in newborns and children \r\nwhen the jugular vein is cannulated, but it does not replace the \r\ntraditional confirmation methods.\r\nHere we have the case of a newborn that developed hydro\r\n-\r\nthorax due to the extravasations for parenteral nutrition in the \r\nright pleural space, after placing a catheter in the inner right \r\njugular vein.

Na atualidade, o uso de acessos venosos centrais é essencial \r\nnas unidades neonatais. As veias dos recém-nascidos são \r\npequenas e frágeis e as linhas venosas são geralmente neces\r\n-\r\nsárias por períodos longos, aumentando a suscetibilidade a \r\ncomplicações traumáticas ou iatrogênicas. O ultrassom pode \r\naumentar a precisão e segurança de inserção do cateter \r\nvenoso central e reduzir as complicações em crianças e recém-\r\nnascidos, quando a veia jugular for canalizada, no entanto, não \r\nsubstitui os métodos rotineiros de confirmação.\r\nA seguir é apresentado o caso de um recém-nascido que \r\ndesenvolveu hidrotórax como consequência do extravasa\r\n-\r\nmento de nutrição parenteral no espaço pleural direito, após a \r\ncolocação de um cateter na veia jugular interna direita.

Características de pacientes ingresados a la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal en la Clínica Universidad de La Sabana / Features of patients hospitalized to the newborn intensive care at Clínica Universidad de La Sabana

Introducción: Es pertinente conocer las características de los pacientes que ingresan a las unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal para que las acciones en salud respondan a sus necesidades particulares. Objetivo: Caracterizar los pacientes que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal (UCIN) de la Clínica de la Universidad de La Sabana de enero a diciembre del 2012. Materiales y Métodos: estudio retrospectivo con n=206 neonatos que ingresaron a la UCIN de la Clínica Universidad de La Sabana en el 2012, se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes ingresados para identificar sus características, se calcularon frecuencias relativas y absolutas; y para las variables cuantitativas se describieron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: el 56,3% eran hombres, el promedio de edad gestacional de 36,5 semanas (SD 3,3 semanas), el peso promedio fue de 2625,9 g (SD 757,5 g). La mediana de los días de estancia fue de 4 (IQR: 2 a 9). El principal diagnóstico fue ictericia neonatal en (21,8%), el 22% de los pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica (VM). La media de la edad gestacional y del peso en pacientes con requerimientos de VM fue de 32.7 semanas (SD: 3,7 semanas) y 1883 g (SD: 779 g) respectivamente, comparado con 37,6 semanas (SD: 2,2 semanas) y 2840 g (SD: 601 g) en los que no requirieron VM. Conclusiones: características como bajo peso al nacer, edad gestacional temprana y el uso de surfactante, se asociaron con el requerimiento de VM, adicionalmente la mortalidad calculada fue del 2,8%.

Introduction: It is relevant to know the characteristics of patients who enter to neonatal intensive care units in order to learn how to respond to their specific conditions and which health actions can be applied for their particular needs. Objective: The aim of this study is describe patients admitted at Clinica Universidad de La Sabana (Neonatal Intensive Care -NIC) from January to December 2012. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study with n=206 neonates admitted to the NIC at Clinica Universidad de La Sabana in 2012, medical records of patients admitted were reviewed to identify its characteristics, as well absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. In terms of quantitative variables, they were measured with central tendency and dispersion. Results: 56.3% of patients were men, the average gestational age was 36.5 weeks (SD 3.3 weeks), the average weight was 2625 gr (SD 757.5 gr). The median days of stay was 4 (IQR:2-9). The main diagnosis was neonatal icterus (21.8%); 22% of patient's required mechanical ventilation (MV). The mean gestational age and weight in patients with VM requirements was 32.7 weeks (SD: 3.7 weeks) and 1883 gr (SD: 779 gr) respectively. Contrasted with the gestational age and weight of newborns that not requiring VM was 37.6 weeks (SD 2.2 weeks) and 2840 gr (SD: 601 gr). Conclusions: Low birth weight, early gestational age and the use of surfactant, were associated with the requirement of VM, and the mortality found was 2.8% for the whole cohort.

Permanent genetic resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2010-30 November 2010.

This article documents the addition of 277 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Ascochyta rabiei, Cambarellus chapalanus, Chionodraco hamatus, Coptis omeiensis, Cynoscion nebulosus, Daphnia magna, Gerbillus nigeriae, Isurus oxyrinchus, Lates calcarifer, Metacarcinus magister, Oplegnathus fasciatus, Pachycondyla verenae, Phaethon lepturus, Pimelodus grosskopfii, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Scomberomorus niphonius, Sepia esculenta, Terapon jarbua, Teratosphaeria cryptica and Thunnus obesus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Austropotamobius italicus, Cambarellus montezumae, Cambarellus puer, Cambarellus shufeldtii, Cambarellus texanus, Chionodraco myersi, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, Coptis chinensis, Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala, Coptis deltoidea, Coptis teeta, Orconectes virilis, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Pimelodus bochii, Procambarus clarkii, Pseudopimelodus bufonius, Rhamdia quelen, Sepia andreana, Sepiella maindroni, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus maccoyii, Thunnus orientalis, Thunnus thynnus and Thunnus tonggol.

Panhipopituitarismo congénito secundario a interrupción del tallo hipofisario: informe de caso / Congenital panhypopituitarism secondary to pituitary stalk interruption: case report / Pan-hipopituitarismo congênito secundário na interrupção da haste hipofisária: relato de caso

La disrupción del tallo hipofisario es una patología infrecuente que causa hipogenesia de la pituitaria anterior y agenesia o ectopia \r\nde la hipófisis posterior. El diagnóstico se realiza tardíamente cuando aparecen mayores alteraciones antropométricas o disminu\r\n-\r\nciones en la velocidad de crecimiento. Se estima que solo el 23% de los casos se diagnostica en el periodo neonatal, con lo cual \r\nse logra disminuir la mortalidad y morbilidades secundarias. Este estudio describe el caso de un recién nacido con hipoglicemia \r\npersistente desde el nacimiento, micropene e incisivo único central. Se solicitó resonancia magnética cerebral y determinación \r\nsérica hormonal para confirmar el diagnóstico de panhipopituitarismo congénito secundario a la disrupción del tallo hipofisario. \r\nSe inició el reemplazo hormonal de forma temprana.

The disruption of the pituitary stalk is a rare disease that causes \r\nhypogenesis of the anterior pituitary and agenesis or ectopic \r\nposterior hypophysis. The diagnostic is carried out late, when \r\ngreater anthropometric alterations or decreases in the growth \r\nspeed materialize. Only 23% of the cases are diagnosed during \r\nthe neonatal period, therefore decreased in mortality and \r\nsecondary morbidities is achieved. This study describes the \r\ncase of a newborn that had persistent hypoglycemia from \r\nbirth, micropenis, and a single central incisor. A brain magnetic \r\nresonance and determination of serum hormones were \r\nrequested to confirm the diagnostic of congenital panhypo\r\n-\r\npituitarism secondary to the disruption of the pituitary stalk. \r\nHormone replacement was initiated early.

A interrupção da haste hipofisária é uma patologia pouco \r\nfrequente que causa hipogenesia da pituitária anterior e \r\nagenesia, ou ectopia, da hipófise posterior. O diagnóstico é \r\nrealizado tardiamente quando aparecem maiores alterações \r\nantropométricas ou diminuições na velocidade do crescimento. \r\nEstima-se que apenas 23% dos casos são diagnosticados no \r\nperíodo neonatal, com o que se atinge redução da morta\r\n-\r\nlidade e morbidades secundárias. Este estudo descreve o \r\ncaso de um recém-nascido com hipoglicemia persistente \r\ndesde o nascimento, micro pênis e incisivo central único. Foi \r\nsolicitada ressonância magnética cerebral e determinação \r\nsérica hormonal para confirmar o diagnóstico de pan-hipo\r\n-\r\npituitarismo congênito secundário na interrupção da haste \r\nhipofisária. A reposição hormonal foi iniciada precocemente.

Estudio serológcco de brucelosis canina en dos lbergues del municipio de enviggado, Colombia (2011) / Canine brucelosiis serological study in two shelters of the unicipality of envigado, Colombia (2011)

El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar la presencia de anticuerpos de brucelosis en la población de dos albergues caninos del municipio de Envigado (Antioquia, Colombia) y a tal fin se seleccionaron 54 perros. Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas en 10 machos y 44 hembras que fueron procesadas bajo la técnica de inmunocromatografía para Brucella canis. No hubo diferencia estadística entre albergues en los parámetros ‘sexo’ y ‘raza’ de cada grupo de estudio y tampoco se encontró evidencia serológica de la presencia de brucelosis canina en el grupo de animales muestreados. Los resultados indican que, aunque los animales permanecieron en calidad de abandono durante un período de su vida, su condición feral no era permanente debido a que en el momento del estudio se encontraban en albergues. Las políticas intensivas de recolección se orientan más a la atención de mascotas abandonadas que a aquellos animales ferales (los cuales, con mayor frecuencia, pueden ser portadores de la enfermedad). El tipo de población incluida en el estudio, sumado a la práctica estricta de esterilización inmediata dentro del albergue -que a su vez impide los apareamientos entre individuos-, pueden incidir en la reducción la propagación de la enfermedad en el municipio.

The objective of this study was to search the presence of antibodies of canine brucellosis in the population of two hostels in the municipality of Envigado (Antioquia, Colombia). For this were chosen 54 dogs of two canine shelters. They were taken blood samples in 10 males and 44 females, and they were processed under the immunochromatography technique for Brucella canis. There was no statistical difference between the parameters hostels in sex and race of each study group and no serologic evidence was found of the presence of canine brucellosis in canines sampled group. The results indicate that although the animals remained in quality of abandonment in a period of his life, his feral condition was not permanent since they were in shelters at the time of the study. The intensive policies of collecting from patients, is oriented more to care for pets abandoned, but not for ferine animals (which may be carriers of the disease more frequently). The type of population included in the study, added to the strict practice of immediately sterilization within the shelter -which in turn prevents the mattings between individuals-, both may be reducing the spread of the disease in the municipality.

Deconvolution of the factors contributing to the increase in global hurricane intensity.

To better understand the change in global hurricane intensity since 1970, we examined the joint distribution of hurricane intensity with variables identified in the literature as contributing to the intensification of hurricanes. We used a methodology based on information theory, isolating the trend from the shorter-term natural modes of variability. The results show that the trend of increasing numbers of category 4 and 5 hurricanes for the period 1970-2004 is directly linked to the trend in sea-surface temperature; other aspects of the tropical environment, although they influence shorter-term variations in hurricane intensity, do not contribute substantially to the observed global trend.