Influence of the extraction conditions on chia oil quality and partially defatted flour antioxidant properties.

Partially defatted chia flour (PDCF) is a by-product of oil extraction from chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). It may be used as an ingredient to improve food products, especially due to its antioxidant properties. In this work, we studied the best screw press extraction conditions that allow preserving the antioxidant properties of PDCF. A central composite design was applied to perform a response surface analysis in order to optimize the oil extraction. The variables considered for optimization were seed moisture content and pressing temperature. Besides the oil quality indicators, the study was focused on the assessment of PDCF properties, including total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity determined by chemical methods. Our results show that, within the range of screw press conditions evaluated, the chemical quality of the oil and the antioxidant properties of PDCF are both preserved. The best results (highest oil yield and stability) were obtained under a seed moisture content of 10.2% and a pressing temperature of 58.5 °C. In general, our results indicate that screw press methodology can be applied to process chia seeds, using a wide range of conditions, to concurrently produce good quality oil and a PDCF with beneficial properties.

Mood variations and personality traits in patients with epilepsy over the course of their menstrual cycle.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of mood disorders and psychopathology is more frequent in patients with epilepsy (PWE) than in the general population. Also, it has been reported that PWE suffer more seizures during certain phases of their menstrual cycle (MC). Still, limited information exists regarding the relationship between the physical and emotional changes during the MC in PWE. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the mood and personality traits of PWE during their MC and to compare them with controls. METHODS: A cohort of 22 PWE and nine controls was gathered. All the participants underwent psychiatric, electroencephalographic, and gynecological evaluations. RESULTS: Overall, PWE scored higher in depression compared with controls (p < 0.05), PWE also obtained higher scores for the personality traits of neuroticism and self-isolation (p < 0.05). During the evaluation of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), PWE were more symptomatic during the early follicular (EF) phase in comparison with the rest of the phases of their MC, whereas the control group showed the known premenstrual pattern of symptoms during the late luteal (LL) phase. The frequency of seizures (40.6%) and electroencephalographic abnormalities (34.8%) was also higher during the EF phase of the MC when compared with the other phases of the MC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that unlike the PMS present in women without epilepsy, PWE appear to show a "menstrual syndrome" that consists of similar mood changes and physical symptoms. This arrangement of symptoms seems to have an impact on the increase in seizure activity.

Management of chronic liver disease-associated severe thrombocytopenia in Spain: a view from the experts.

BACKGROUND: chronic liver disease (CLD) patients often present thrombocytopenia (TCP) and when severe, it may prevent them from undergoing necessary invasive procedures due to an increased bleeding risk. The lack of scientific evidence makes it impossible to determine key aspects of the current management and associated healthcare burden of these patients in Spain. PURPOSE: to gain insight into the current situation of patients with CLD-associated severe TCP undergoing invasive procedures in Spain, based on the experience of clinical experts. METHODS: national Delphi study involving 32 medical experts. RESULTS: the estimated prevalence of CLD-associated severe TCP is approximately 5,967, with an annual incidence of 1,148 new patients. Patients undergo a median of 1 (0-3) invasive procedures/year. Platelet transfusions (PTs) are the standard option to raise platelet counts and are associated with significant burden. The achievement of target platelet levels (≥ 50 x 109/l) after a transfusion is not routinely measured. The lack of effectiveness and short life span of transfused platelets can lead to procedure cancellations and bleeding events, which potentially affect patient outcomes. Adverse events occur in 1-25 % of patients, including mild (febrile and allergic reactions) and severe events (e.g., transfusion-related acute lung injury). Between 5-15 % of patients are unfit to receive PTs and approximately 3 % are treated off-label with thrombopoietin receptor agonists. CONCLUSIONS: this study provides a snapshot of the current situation in Spain, highlighting that the current management is poorly standardized and suboptimal in some cases. The results suggest the benefit of developing a consensus document to address some of these shortcomings and to advance in the search for alternatives to PTs.

Storage and preservation of dry pasta into biodegradable packaging made from triticale flour.

We studied the quality of dry pasta packaged and stored for 45 days in biodegradable bags made from triticale flour films. Results were compared with the quality of pasta packaged in commercial bags. Characterization of films and technologic and microbiological quality of pasta were performed. Biodegradable bags presented adequate properties during storage. There was no microbiological growth or differences in moisture and breaking force of dry pasta within both types of packaging during storage. Cooking quality of pasta was not affected by the type of packaging or storage time. We also studied the antioxidant capacity of pasta enriched with partially-deoiled-chia flour during storage in both types of packaging. A decrease in the antioxidant activity measured by ABTS assay was found at 45 days of storage in pasta packaged in biodegradable bags. Nevertheless, the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity evaluated by FRAP method did not change significantly with time or type of packaging.

Utilization of a by-product of chia oil extraction as a potential source for value addition in wheat muffins.

During chia oil extraction a by-product, the partially-deoiled chia flour is obtained. This product has highly desirable characteristics. It has a high content of protein, dietary fiber and a high antioxidant power. The partially-deoiled chia meal (PDCF) was extracted, characterized and utilized to formulate a popular baked product (muffins). The effect of the PDCF on its physicochemical, microstructural, sensory, nutritional and antioxidant properties were evaluated. Muffins supplemented with the chia by-product had improved nutritional properties (higher protein, fiber, polyphenols content, and higher antioxidant capacities). The sensory properties of the muffins made with up to 5% were not significantly changed. The use of a partially-deoiled chia meal in functional food development could add value to the food chain value with economic/social benefits. Some changes in the quality were observed but the use of a 5% of partially-deoiled chia flour could be proposed without significantly affecting the overall quality of the product.

Harmful Use of Alcohol as Predictor of Presex Drinking in Mexican Young College Women.

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify whether the harmful use of alcohol is associated with an increased probability of presex drinking in Mexican young women. METHOD: This was a study with a predictive design. Multiple logistic regressions were performed in a random sample of 304 young college women (between the ages of 18 and 24 years) from Guanajuato and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants completed a sociodemographic data survey and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire. RESULTS: Women with a pattern of harmful use of alcohol were more likely to report drinking before sex (adjusted odds ratio = 4.679, 95% confidence interval [1.619, 13.520], McFadden's pseudo R2 = 25.5%). Further analyses revealed that presex drinking by partners was an even stronger predictor of alcohol use before sexual intercourse in women (adjusted odds ratio = 12.749, 95% confidence interval [4.714, 34.483], McFadden's pseudo R2 = 34.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings demand additional nursing studies to corroborate-and to better understand-the relationship between harmful use of alcohol in Mexican women, their partners' drinking behavior, and unhealthy behaviors like drinking before sexual intercourse.

Sunflower oil preservation by using chickpea flour film as bio-packaging material.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of biodegradable packages made with chickpea flour on the oxidation of sunflower oil. Chickpea flour films were prepared using the casting technique. To study the influence of storage time on films properties, the chickpea flour films were stored during 60 days at 25 °C and 52% relative humidity. In addition, sunflower oil samples were packaged in chickpea flour packages (CPs) and stored for 60 days at 25 °C. Lipid oxidation indicators were evaluated. The results showed that puncture force and redness values (a*) of chickpea films did not change significantly during storage. Tensile strength, Young's modulus (YM), and yellowness (b*) increased and moisture content (MC), elongation (%E), solubility (%S), water vapor permeability (WVP), and luminosity (L*) decreased. Microscopic images showed the presence of a few cracks in the film network at storage day 60. Conjugated dienes and peroxide value increased less for sunflower oil stored in high-barrier plastic pouches and CPs during storage than the control treatment. CPs helped to preserve the chemical quality of sunflower oil samples, proving to be a promising alternative to develop biodegradable packaging to be used in oily food preservation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Discarded chickpea grains are those split and different color grains that are separated from marketable grains, and represent an industrial byproduct. These grains are currently used for feed, constituting a nutritive biomass of low commercial value. Chickpea flour is a potential material for making biodegradable films. This strategy allows adding value to the chickpea industry, transforming a byproduct into a raw material with the potential to develop economical food packaging material. The use of chickpea packages to preserve sunflower oil may be an alternative to pack vegetable oil or high lipid content food, allowing the use reduction of nonbiodegradable pouches.

[Alcohol consumption and self esteem in adolescents]. / Consumo de alcohol y autoestima en adolescentes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of levels of self esteem and alcohol consumption in adolescents, by carrying out a transversal, descriptive study, in a college of nursing of Queretaro in Mexico, in the month of July 2008, with a sample of 109 adolescents, between 17 and 20 years old. For attainment of the data two instruments were applied: AUDIT and the Rosemberg self esteem scale. The majority of the participating adolescents had high self esteem (94.5%) and none presented low self esteem. Of the adolescents in the study 80.7% did not consume alcohol hazardously. It was concluded that the adolescents presented high self esteem and low alcohol consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to implement preventive programs related to alcohol consumption and to identify the protective factors to guarantee the maintenance of healthy habits for the adolescents.

Influencia de la masculinidad y la feminidad en el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes: revisión de alcance / Influence of Masculinity and Femininity on Alcohol Consumption in Young People: A Scoping Review / Influência da masculinidade e da feminilidade no consumo de álcool pelos jovens: uma revisão de escopo

Introducción: el consumo de alcohol es una práctica social compleja que desempeña un papel en la construcción y consolidación de amistades, así como en la formación de identidades de género. Este último determina los límites de los comportamientos y define lo que se considera apropiado o inapropiado en nuestra rutina diaria; por lo tanto, los patrones de consumo de alcohol no son independientes del género. Objetivo: identificar y describir la evidencia disponible sobre la influencia del género en el consumo de alcohol de los jóvenes. Materiales y método: se realizó una revisión bajo las pautas del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) y los lineamientos del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Se analizaron artículos originales a texto completo, publicados entre 2018 y 2023 en las bases BVS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Sciences, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, y ProQuest, sin limitación de idioma; las categorías de búsqueda fueron "Alcohol Drinking" AND "Young Adult" AND "Gender Identity" OR "Gender role". Resultados: se identificaron 403 registros, pero solo se incluyeron 12 estudios en la síntesis. Los resultados principales de estos estudios mostraron que tanto la identidad de género como los roles de género influyen en el consumo de alcohol en adultos jóvenes. Las normas sociales de género pueden presionar a las mujeres jóvenes a mantener una imagen física y a los hombres jóvenes a mantener una imagen pública normativa. Conclusiones: las normas sociales de género influyen en los comportamientos de consumo de alcohol, por ello, es necesario tener en cuenta estas diferencias de género en las intervenciones de enfermería y estrategias de prevención.

Introdução: o consumo de bebida alcoólica é uma prática social complexa que desempenha um papel na construção e na consolidação de amizades, bem como na formação de identidades de gênero. Este último determina os limites dos comportamentos e define o que é considerado apropriado ou inapropriado em nossas rotinas diárias; portanto, os padrões de consumo de álcool não são independentes do gênero. Objetivo: identificar e descrever as evidências disponíveis sobre a influência do gênero no consumo de álcool pelos jovens. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de acordo com as diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) e dos lineamentos do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Foram analisados artigos originais de texto completo, publicados entre 2018 e 2023 nos bancos de dados BVS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Sciences, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect e ProQuest, sem limitação de idioma; as categorias de pesquisa foram "alcohol drinking" AND "young adult" AND "gender identity" OR "gender role". Resultados: foram identificados 403 registros, mas apenas 12 estudos foram incluídos na síntese. Os principais resultados desses estudos mostraram que tanto a identidade de gênero quanto as funções de gênero influenciam o consumo de bebida alcoólica por jovens adultos. As normas sociais de gênero podem pressionar as mulheres jovens a manter uma imagem física e os homens jovens a manter uma imagem pública normativa. Conclusões: as normas sociais de gênero influenciam os comportamentos de consumo de álcool; portanto, essas diferenças de gênero precisam ser levadas em conta nas intervenções de enfermagem e nas estratégias de prevenção.

Introduction: Alcohol consumption is a complex social practice that plays a role in building and consolidating friendships, as well as creating gender identities. The latter determines the limits of behaviors and defines what is considered appropriate or inappropriate in our daily routine; therefore, alcohol consumption patterns are not independent of gender. Objective: To identify and describe available evidence on the influence of gender on youth alcohol consumption. Materials and method: A review was conducted under JBI and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Original full-text articles published between 2018 and 2023 in the VHL, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Sciences, Epistemonikos, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases, without language limitations, were analyzed. The search categories were "Alcohol Drinking" AND "Young Adult" AND "Gender Identity" OR "Gender role". Results: A total of 403 records were identified, but only 12 studies were included in the synthesis. The main results of these studies showed that both gender identity and gender roles influence alcohol consumption in young adults. Social gender norms may pressure young women to maintain a physical image and young men to maintain a normative public image. Conclusions: Social gender norms influence alcohol consumption behaviors; therefore, it is necessary to take these gender differences into account in nursing interventions and prevention strategies.

Creencias y costumbres en la alimentación durante el puerperio mediato de las mujeres nahuas e implicaciones para Enfermería / Beliefs and Customs on Nutrition in Nahua women during the Immediate Postpartum Period and Implications for Nursing

Introducción: La alimentación constituye uno de los saberes ancestrales perpetuados en las comunidades indígenas, con creencias y costumbres peculiares para el puerperio, sobre qué comer y qué no comer. Objetivo: Describir las creencias y costumbres en la alimentación durante el puerperio mediato de las mujeres nahuas y sus implicaciones para Enfermería. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo etnográfico, ejecutado en las comunidades nativas Axtla de Terrazas en San Luis de Potosí, México, entre los meses marzo-julio del 2019. La población la conformaron 50 puérperas de esa comunidad. La muestra, integrada por 14 madres, fue no probabilística por conveniencia y lograda por el criterio de saturación y redundancia de los datos. Para recolectar los datos se usaron la observación participante y la entrevista etnográfica, previo consentimiento informado, luego fueron procesados de manera artesanal según el análisis temático. Resultados: Emergieron tres categorías: a) Alimentos adecuados que contribuyen con la recuperación de la puérpera. b) Alimentos inadecuados que afectan la salud de la puérpera. c) Alimentos que incrementan o disminuyen la producción de leche materna y generan malestar al neonato. Conclusiones: Las mujeres nahuas siguen las indicaciones de abuelas y parteras respecto a los alimentos cuyo consumo es permitido o no durante el puerperio mediato, ya que es importante para su recuperación y la producción láctea. Es necesario realizar más estudios para identificar si las madres reciben los requerimientos nutricionales adecuados, ya que evitan alimentos nutritivos como el huevo, la leche, las carnes rojas, algunas frutas y verduras(AU)

Introduction: Feeding constitutes one of the ancestral knowledge perpetuated in indigenous communities, with peculiar beliefs and customs for the puerperium, about what to eat and what not to eat. Objective: To describe the beliefs and customs of Nahua women during the immediate postpartum period and their implications for Nursing. Methods: Qualitative ethnographic study, carried out in the native communities of Axtla de Terrazas in San Luis de Potosí, Mexico, between March and July 2019. The population consisted of 50 postpartum mothers from that community. The sample, composed of 14 mothers, was non-probabilistic by convenience and achieved by the criteria of saturation and redundancy of the data. The data were collected by participant observation and ethnographic interview, with prior informed consent, and then processed in an artisanal manner according to the thematic analysis. Results: Three categories emerged: a) Adequate foods that contribute to the recovery of the postpartum women. b) Inadequate foods that affect the postpartum women´s health. c) Foods that increase or decrease the production of breast milk and generate discomfort to the neonate. Conclusions: Nahua women follow the indications of grandmothers and midwives regarding the foods whose consumption is allowed or not during the mediate puerperium, since it is important for their recovery and milk production. Further studies are needed to identify whether mothers receive adequate nutritional requirements, as they avoid nutritious foods such as eggs, milk, red meat, some fruits and vegetables(AU)

Health-promoting lifestyle and assertiveness in university workers.

OBJECTIVES: The work sought to analyze the health-promoting lifestyle variables, assertiveness, and their relation to health condition in university workers. METHODS: This was a correlational study with the participation of 112 workers selected through census-type random sampling. To gather information, a form was used that included sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data, in addition to the health-promoting lifestyle scale by Walker et al., and the Assertiveness Questionnaire by Lazarus and Folkman. RESULTS: Participants ranged between 24 and 72 years of age (mean = 45), 61.6% were women, 49.1% worked the day shift, and 59.8% worked as teaching staff. With respect to health problems diagnosed: 17.0% had high blood pressure, 4.5% type II diabetes mellitus, and 4.5% suffer both diseases; 46.4% were found with overweight condition and 23.9% with some degree of obesity. The general index of health-promoting lifestyle was of 39.2 points (medium level) and assertiveness of 74.5 points (high level). A positive and significant relationship was found between assertiveness and the general index of the health-promoting lifestyle (r = 0.22, p <0.05) and the dimensions of spiritual development (r = 0.35, p<0.01) and interpersonal relations (r = 0.29, p <0.01). Likewise, glucose level, one of the parameters of the health condition, was inversely related to the health-promoting lifestyle (r = -0.20, p <0.05) and to the dimensions of physical activity (r = -0.24, p <0.01) and stress management (r = -0.24, p <0.01). RESULTS: Participants ranged between 24 and 72 years of age (mean = 45), 61.6% were women, 49.1% worked the day shift, and 59.8% worked as teaching staff. With respect to health problems diagnosed: 17.0% had high blood pressure, 4.5% type II diabetes mellitus, and 4.5% suffer both diseases; 46.4% were found with overweight condition and 23.9% with some degree of obesity. The general index of health-promoting lifestyle was of 39.2 points (medium level) and assertiveness of 74.5 points (high level). A positive and significant relationship was found between assertiveness and the general index of the health-promoting lifestyle (r = 0.22, p <0.05) and the dimensions of spiritual development (r = 0.35, p<0.01) and interpersonal relations (r = 0.29, p <0.01). Likewise, glucose level, one of the parameters of the health condition, was inversely related to the health-promoting lifestyle (r = -0.20, p <0.05) and to the dimensions of physical activity (r = -0.24, p <0.01) and stress management (r = -0.24, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings show the relationship between the health-promoting lifestyle and assertiveness in university workers studied, which justifies the design of educational interventions from nursing aimed at improving these aspects.

Modelo bioecológico para o autocontrole do consumo de álcool e qualidade de vida no trabalho / Bioecological model for the self-control of alcohol consumption and quality of work life / Modelo bioecológico para el autocontrol del consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida laboral

OBJETIVO: a proposta do estudo foi derivar a "The Ecology of Human Development" para explicar o autocontrole do consumo de álcool e a qualidade da vida profissional a partir da abordagem da enfermagem. MÉTODO: análise e aplicação da metodologia que inclui cinco etapas principais. RESULTADOS: construção do modelo bioecológico para autocontrole do consumo de álcool e qualidade de vida no local de trabalho. CONCLUSÕES: o desenvolvimento do modelo pode favorecer a identificação e geração de campos de ação que sejam úteis na prática dos enfermeiros com base científica para prevenir ou reduzir o consumo de álcool no local de trabalho.

OBJECTIVE: the purpose of the study was to derive "The Ecology of Human Development" to explain the self-control of alcohol consumption and quality of work life from the nursing approach. METHOD: Analysis and application of the methodology which includes five main steps. RESULTS: Bioecological model for self-control of alcohol consumption and quality of life in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS: the development of the model can favor identifying and generating fields of action that are useful in the practice of nurses with a scientific basis to prevent or reduce the consumption of alcohol in the workplace.

OBJETIVO: el propósito del estudio fue derivar "The Ecology of Human Development" para explicar el autocontrol del consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida laboral desde el enfoque de enfermería. MÉTODO: análisis y aplicación de la metodología la cual contempla cinco pasos principales. RESULTADOS: construcción del modelo Bioecológico para el autocontrol del consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida en el área laboral. CONCLUSIONES: el desarrollo del modelo puede favorecer identificar y generar campos de acción que sean útiles en la práctica del enfermero con fundamento científico para prevenir o disminuir el consumo de alcohol en el área laboral.

Predictive factors of alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the effect of self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency on alcohol and tobacco consumption in adolescents. METHOD: a descriptive and correlational study was undertaken with 575 adolescents in 2010. The Self-Esteem Scale, the Situational Confidence Scale, the Assertiveness Questionnaire and the Resiliency Scale were used. RESULTS: the adjustment of the logistic regression model, considering age, sex, self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency, demonstrates significance in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Age, resiliency and assertiveness predict alcohol consumption in the lifetime and assertiveness predicts alcohol consumption in the last year. Similarly, age and sex predict tobacco consumption in the lifetime and age in the last year. CONCLUSION: this study can offer important information to plan nursing interventions involving adolescent alcohol and tobacco users.

Revisión del efecto de la incertidumbre en personas adultas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Review of the effect of uncertainty in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introducción: cuando a una persona se le diagnostica con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), dicha noticia le suele representar un conjunto de emociones, como estrés, ansiedad e incertidumbre frente a la enfermedad, lo que la sitúa en la imposibilidad para predecir los resultados. Objetivo: realizar una revisión del estado del arte del periodo 2011 a 2016 sobre los efectos de la incertidumbre en las personas adultas con DM2. Métodos: la revisión se efectuó con base en las etapas propuestas por Dal Sasso-Mendes, en las bases de datos EBSCO, PubMed, SciELO, CONRICyT, ScienceDirect y Scopus. Se emplearon dos descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) en los idiomas inglés, español y portugués: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 y Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, así como Uncertainty, Incertidumbre e Incerteza. Se identificaron 2721 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 23 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: de los diferentes componentes de la incertidumbre y DM2, se conformaron cuatro componentes: teórico, apoyo social, respuestas emocionales y diferencias en el tratamiento. Se identificó una relación de los componentes teórico y de apoyo social (21.7%) con la incertidumbre y con mayor énfasis el componente de diferencias en el tratamiento (43.5%). Conclusión: se identificó que el efecto de la incertidumbre de los pacientes ante la DM2 es una situación poco investigada, principalmente en lo que respecta a las respuestas emocionales.

Introduction: When a person is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this news usually represents a set of emotions, such as stress, anxiety, and uncertainty about the disease. This puts the person in a difficult position, due to their inability to predict the results. Objective: To carry out a state-of-the-art review, from 2011 to 2016, on the effects of uncertainty in adults with T2DM. Methods: Based on the stages proposed by Dal Sasso-Mendes, the review was performed in the following databases: Ebsco, PubMed, SciELO, Conricyt, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Two health sciences descriptors were used in English, Spanish and Portuguese: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, and Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (for Spanish and Portuguese), as well as Uncertainty, Incertidumbre, and Incerteza. 2721 articles were identified, out of which 23 that met the selection criteria were selected. Results: From the different components of uncertainty and T2DM, four were formed: theoretical, social support, emotional responses, and differences in treatment. It was identified a relation between theoretical and social support components (21.7%) with uncertainty, with greater emphasis in the differences in treatment component (43.5%). Conclusion: It was identified that the effect of uncertainty on patients facing T2DM is a relatively unresearched situation, mainly concerning emotional responses.

Estilo de vida promotor de la salud y asertividad en trabajadores universitarios / Estilo de vida promotor da saúde e assertividade em trabalhadores universitários / Health-promoting lifestyle y assertiveness in university workers

Objective. The work sought to analyze the health-promoting lifestyle variables, assertiveness, and their relation to health condition in university workers. Methods. This was a correlational study with the participation of 112 workers selected through census-type random sampling. To gather information, a form was used that included sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data, in addition to the health-promoting lifestyle scale by Walker et al., and the Assertiveness Questionnaire by Lazarus and Folkman. Results. Participants ranged between 24 and 72 years of age (mean = 45), 61.6% were women, 49.1% worked the day shift, and 59.8% worked as teaching staff. With respect to health problems diagnosed: 17.0% had high blood pressure, 4.5% type II diabetes mellitus, and 4.5% suffer both diseases; 46.4% were found with overweight condition and 23.9% with some degree of obesity. The general index of health-promoting lifestyle was of 39.2 points (medium level) and assertiveness of 74.5 points (high level). A positive and significant relationship was found between assertiveness and the general index of the health-promoting lifestyle (r=0.22, p<0.05) and the dimensions of spiritual development (r =0.35, p<0.01) and interpersonal relations (r =0.29, p<0.01). Likewise, glucose level, one of the parameters of the health condition, was inversely related to the health-promoting lifestyle (r =-0.20, p<0.05) and to the dimensions of physical activity (r =-0.24, p <0.01) and stress management (r=-0.24, p<0.01). Conclusion. The findings show the relationship between the health-promoting lifestyle and assertiveness in university workers studied, which justifies the design of educational interventions from nursing aimed at improving these aspects.

Objetivo. Analizar las variables estilo de vida promotor de la salud, asertividad y su relación con el estado de salud en trabajadores universitarios. Métodos. Estudio correlacional en el que participaron 112 trabajadores seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio tipo censo. Para la toma de información se utilizó un formulario que incluyó datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y clínicos, además de la escala de estilo de vida promotor de la salud de Walker et al. y del cuestionario de asertividad de Lazarus y Folkman. Resultados. Los participantes tenían entre 24 y 72 años de edad (Media=45), 61.6% fueron mujeres, 49.1% laboraba en el turno matutino y 59.8% se desempeñaba como docente. Con respecto a los problemas de salud diagnosticados, 17.0% presentó hipertensión arterial; 4.5%, diabetes mellitus II, y 4.5% padecía ambas enfermedades; 46.4% se encontró en nivel de sobrepeso y 23.9% en algún grado de obesidad. En el índice general de estilo de vida promotor de la salud fue de 39.2 puntos (nivel medio) y asertividad de 74.5 puntos (nivel alto); se encontró relación positiva y significativa entre la asertividad y el índice general del estilo de vida promotor de la salud (r=0.22, p<0.05) y las dimensiones de desarrollo espiritual (r=0.35, p<0.01) y de relaciones interpersonales (r=0.29, p<0.01). Asimismo, la cifra de glucosa, uno de los parámetros del estado de salud, se relacionó de manera inversa con el estilo de vida promotor de la salud (r=-0.20, p<0.05) y con las dimensiones de actividad física (r=-0.24, p<0.01) y de manejo del estrés (r=-0.24, p<0.01).Conclusión. Los hallazgos muestran la relación que existe entre el estilo de vida promotor de la salud y la asertividad en trabajadores universitarios estudiados, por lo que se justifica el diseño de intervenciones educativas de enfermería tendientes a mejorar estos aspectos.

Objetivo. Analisar as variáveis estilo de vida promotor da saúde, assertividade e sua relação com o estado de saúde em trabalhadores universitários. Métodos. Estudo correlacional no qual participaram 112 trabalhadores selecionados por amostra aleatória tipo censo. Para a toma de informação se utilizou um formulário que incluiu dados sócio-demográficos, antropométricos e clínicos, ademais da escala de estilo de vida promotor da saúde de Walker et al. e do questionário de assertividade de Lazarus e Folkman. Resultados. Os participantes tinham entre 24 e 72 anos de idade (Media=45), 61.6% foram mulheres, 49.1% trabalhavam no turno matutino e 59.8% se desempenhava como docente. Com respeito aos problemas de saúde diagnosticados: 17.0% apresentaram hipertensão arterial, 4.5% diabetes mellitus II e 4.5% padecem ambas doenças, 46.4% se encontrou em nível de sobrepeso e 23.9% em algum grau de obesidade. O índice geral de estilo de vida promotor da saúde foi de 39.2 pontos (nível médio) e assertividade de 74.5 pontos (nível alto), se encontrou relação positiva e significativa entre a assertividade e o índice geral de estilo de vida promotor da saúde (r=0.22, p<0.05) e as dimensões de desenvolvimento espiritual (r=0.35, p<0.01) e de relações interpessoais (r=0.29, p<0.01). Assim mesmo, a cifra de glicose, um dos parâmetros do estado de saúde, se relacionou de maneira inversa com o estilo de vida promotor da saúde (r=-0.20, p<0.05) e com as dimensões de atividade física (r=-0.24, p<0.01) e de manejo do estresse (r=-0.24, p<0.01).Conclusão. Os resultados mostram a relação que existe entre o estilo de vida promotor da saúde e a assertividade em trabalhadores universitários estudados, pelo que se justifica o desenho de intervenções educativas de enfermagem tendentes a melhorar estes aspectos.

Family, obesogenic environment, and cardiometabolic risk in mexican school-age children / Familia, medio ambiente obesogénico, y riesgo cardiometabólico en niños en edad escolar en México

Introduction: Obesity in children is considered a risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders at an early age. Objective: To identify the relationship among environmental and family variables on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in school-age children, and to compare such CMRF by weight status. Material and methods: A cross-sectional design was used. A 228 children and their mothers were randomly selected from public and private elementary schools. Measurements in children included: body fat percentage (BFP), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), acanthosis, lipids, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), and self-care activities. Mothers were assessed for: BFP, sociodemographic, family history, mothering style. School environment variables were also evaluated. Results: Children and mother's mean ages were 8.5 and 36.8 years, respectively. Mother schooling mean was 12.4 years. Overweight or obese (Ow/OB) children (70.2%) showed higher values in SBP (p = 0. 040), low-density cholesterol (p = 0. 018), triglycerides (p = 0. 003), glucose (p = 0. 022) and CRP (p = 0. 001) and lower in high-density cholesterol (p = 0. 004). Age and child gender, mothering, and mother schooling influenced CMRF [Wilk's Lamda = 0.65, F = 21.71, p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Children with Ow/OB in a obesogenic environment are more likely to develop CMRF. It is necessary to promote the identification and treatment of CMRF at an early age as well as promote healthier family and school environments.

Introducción: La presencia de obesidad en niños se considera un factor de riesgo para enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares a temprana edad. Objetivo: Identificar la influencia del ambiente/familia en los factores de riesgo cardiometabólico (FRCM) en escolares y compararlos con su condición de peso. Material y métodos: Diseño transversal explicativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 228 pares madre-hijo seleccionados aleatoriamente de escuelas primarias públicas y privadas. Mediciones en Niños: porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC), presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD), acantosis, lípidos, glucosa, proteína C reactiva (PCR) y autocuidado; Madres, PGC, datos sociodemográficos, historia familiar, crianza materna; y en escuelas: ambiente escolar. Resultados: Edad promedio: niños 8.5 años y madres 36.8 años. La escolaridad materna promedio fue 12.4 años. Los niños con sobrepeso u obesidad (SP/OB) (70.2%) mostraron valores más altos en la PAS (p = 0.040), colesterol baja densidad (p = 0.018), triglicéridos (p = 0.003), glucosa (p = 0.022) y PCR (p = 0.001) y más bajos en colesterol de alta densidad (p = 0.004). Tanto la edad y género del niño como la escolaridad y estilo de crianza materno influyeron en los FRCM [Lamda de Wilk = 0.65, F = 21.71, p < 0.001] Conclusiones: La presencia de SP/OB fue alta, y en conjunto con un ambiente familiar obesogénico favorecen la prevalencia de FRCM. Es necesario promover un diagnóstico y tratamiento de FRCM a temprana edad, así como favorecer ambientes familiares y escolares más saludables.

Chia (Salvia hispanica L) gel can be used as egg or oil replacer in cake formulations.

This study determined the overall acceptability, sensory characteristics, functional properties, and nutrient content of cakes made using chia (Salvia hispanica L) gel as a replacement for oil or eggs. Chia gel was used to replace 25%, 50%, and 75% of oil or eggs in a control cake formulation. Seventy-five untrained panelists participated in rating cakes on a seven-point hedonic scale. Analysis of variance conducted on the sensory characteristics and overall acceptability indicated a statistically significant effect when replacing oil or eggs for color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability (P<0.05). Post hoc analysis (using Fisher's least significant difference method) indicated that the 25% chia gel cakes were not significantly different from the control for color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. The 50% oil substituted (with chia gel) cake, compared to control, had 36 fewer kilocalories and 4 g less fat per 100-g portion. Cake weight was not affected by chia gel in the formulation, although cake volume was lower as the percentage of substitution increased. Symmetry was generally not affected. This study demonstrates that chia gel can replace as much as 25% of oil or eggs in cakes while yielding a more nutritious product with acceptable sensory characteristics.

Porcentaje de grasa corporal en escolares y su asociación con el estilo de vida y macronutrientes / Body fat percentage in school students and its association with lifestyle and macronutrients

Introducción: Identificar la asociación entre los estilos de vida, el consumo de macronutrientes y el porcentaje de grasa corporal en escolares, y comparar por estado de peso. Materiales y Métodos: Corte transversal analítico en escolares de la ciudad de Durango a quienes se les midió antropometría, presión arterial, antecedentes familiares, estilos de vida y consumo de macronutrientes. El análisis de datos fue descriptivo, se obtuvieron medidas de tendencia central de las variables cuantitativas que mostraron una distribución normal. Las variables cualitativas se describen con valores relativos. Se realzó análisis comparativo por estado de peso. Se respetaron aspectos éticos según la reglamentación vigente. Resultados: La edad promedio 9.1 años, índice de masa corporal promedio 17.8 kg/m2, porcentaje de grasa corporal promedio 20%. El 38.7% de los escolares presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. La presión sistólica y diastólica promedio fue 93/60mmHg. Niños con sobrepeso y obesidad más riesgo de cifras de presión sistólica y diastólica alteradas. Estilos de vida y consumo de macronutrientes mostraron promedio de 64.1 y 39.5 y no influyeron en el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Discusión y Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren incluir el uso de mediciones mas objetivas de los estilos de vida, y resaltan la importancia de abordar eficientemente la problemática del sobrepeso y obesidad y disminuir riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas a temprana edad.

Introduction: Identify the association between lifestyles, macronutrients intake, and body fat percentage from school age children, and compare by weight status. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analytical in school children from Durango City. Anthropometry, blood pressure, family history, lifestyle, and macronutrient intake was measured. Data analysis included descriptive statistic, quantitative variables that showed a normal distribution were got measures of central tendency. The qualitative variables were described with relative values. Comparative analysis was done by weight status. Ethical issues were respected as required by regulations. Results: Fifty two percent were male, mean age was 9.1 years, mean body mass index 17.8 kg/m2, body fat percentage average 20, thirty-five and 42.4% of children were overweight or obese according to body mass index and body fat percentage respectively; the average of systolic and diastolic were 93/60mmHg. Children with overweight or obese have more risk of high systolic and diastolic blood pressure than children whit normal weight or below. The lifestyle and macronutrient intake showed average of 64.1 and 39.5, and did not influence on body fat percentage. Discussion and Conclusions: The results suggest to include the use more objective measurements of lifestyles, and highlight the importance of effectively addressing the problem of overweight and obesity and decrease risk of developing chronic diseases at an early age.

Predictive factors of alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents / Fatores preditivos do uso de álcool e tabaco em adolescentes / Factores predictivos del uso de alcohol y tabaco en los adolescentes

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the effect of self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency on alcohol and tobacco consumption in adolescents. METHOD: a descriptive and correlational study was undertaken with 575 adolescents in 2010. The Self-Esteem Scale, the Situational Confidence Scale, the Assertiveness Questionnaire and the Resiliency Scale were used. RESULTS: the adjustment of the logistic regression model, considering age, sex, self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy and resiliency, demonstrates significance in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco. Age, resiliency and assertiveness predict alcohol consumption in the lifetime and assertiveness predicts alcohol consumption in the last year. Similarly, age and sex predict tobacco consumption in the lifetime and age in the last year. CONCLUSION: this study can offer important information to plan nursing interventions involving adolescent alcohol and tobacco users. .

OBJETIVOS: analisar o efeito da autoestima, assertividade, autoeficácia e resiliência sobre o consumo de álcool e tabaco em adolescentes. MÉTODO: estudo descritivo correlacional com 575 adolescentes, realizado no ano 2010. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Autoestima, o Questionário de Confiança Situacional, o Questionário de Assertividade e a Escala de Resiliência. RESULTADOS: o ajuste do modelo de regressão logística, considerando a idade, sexo, autoestima, assertividade, autoeficácia e resiliência foi significante em relação ao consumo de álcool e tabaco. A idade, resiliência e assertividade foram preditores do consumo de álcool em algum momento na vida e a idade e a assertividade foram preditores no último ano. Para o consumo de tabaco, a idade e o sexo foram preditores em algum momento na vida e a idade no último ano. CONCLUSÃO: este estudo pode proporcionar informações importantes para o planejamento de intervenções de enfermagem em adolescentes usuários de álcool e tabaco .

OBJETIVOS: analizar el efecto de la autoestima, asertividad, autoeficacia y resiliencia sobre el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes. MÉTODO: descritivo correlacional con 575 adolescentes, en 2010. Se utilizaron la Escala de Autoestima, el Cuestionario de Confianza Situacional, el Cuestionario de Asertividad y la Escala de Resiliencia. RESULTADOS: el ajuste del modelo de regresión logística, considerando la edad, sexo, autoestima, asertividad, autoeficacia y resiliencia, muestra significancia en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco. La edad, resiliencia y asertividad predicen el consumo de alcohol alguna vez en la vida y la edad y asertividad en el último año. De la misma forma la edad y sexo predicen el consumo de tabaco alguna vez en la vida y la edad en el último año. CONCLUSIÓN: este estudio puede proporcionar información importante para la planificación de intervenciones en enfermería de los adolecentes usuarios de alcohol y tabaco. .

Experiencia vivida en el programa ¡Tú decides!: estudio fenomenológico sobre el uso de drogas / Experiência vivida no programa Você decide!: estudo fenomenológico sobre o uso de drogas / Lived experience in the program You decide!: phenomenological study on drug use

El objetivo del estudio fue comprender la experiencia vivida por medio de cartas escritas por 108 adolescentes que participaron en el programa ¡Tú decides!, desde una perspectiva fenomenológica. Los datos se colectaron de octubre a diciembre de 2010, analizados por trayectoria fenomenológica. Los resultados mostraron seis unificaciones ontológicas: el curso y las consecuencias de las drogas, expectativas negativas sobre el consumo de drogas, autoestima, asertividad, autoeficacia y resiliencia. Se concluyó que la especificidad de este grupo y su rol en la familia y escuela necesita ser llevada al campo de formulación de políticas públicas de educación en la construcción de alternativas de enfrentamiento de la problemática de drogas.

Estudo fenomenológico, cujo objetivo foi o de compreender a experiência vivida e registrada em cartas escritas por 108 adolescentes mexicanos participantes do Programa Você decide! Os dados foram coletados entre outubro de dezembro de 2010, e analisados por meio de trajetória fenomenológica. Nos resultados, emergiram seis unificações ontológicas: o uso e as consequencias das drogas; expectativas negativas sobre o consumo de drogas; autoestima; assertividade; autoeficácia; e resiliência. Conclui-se que a especificidade do grupo adolescente, e seu papel na familia e escola deve ser valorizado no campo da formulação de políticas públicas de educação na construção de alternativas de enfrentamento da problemática das drogas.

The objective of this study was to address lived experience, from a phenomenological perspective, on the basis of the letters by 108 Mexican teenage participants of the program You decide!. Data was collected from October to December, 2010 and analyzed on a phenomenological trajectory. Results showed six ontological unifications: drug use and consequences, negative expectations about drug use, self-esteem, assertiveness, self-efficacy, and resilience. Conclusions indicate that the specificity of this group as well as its role in the family and school requires contemplation by public policies in education to build up alternatives for coping with drug-related problems.