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The current study was planned to explore the potential synergistic role of the co-administration of sarilumab and dexamethasone in reducing blood biomarkers associated with cytokine release syndrome in hospitalised patients of coronavirus disease-2019. The sample comprised 22 patients hospitalised with severe and critical severity levels and who were treated with sarilumab and dexamethasone. Positive responses were seen in blood biomarkers, including decreased interleukin-6 alpha levels and improved oxygen saturation. Tumour necrosis factor, Ddimer, C-reactive protein, ferritin and lymphocyte count also showed positive responses in patients who survived than those who died. Lactate dehydrogenase levels fluctuated with improvement among the survivors, but had limited effectiveness in those who died. The findings suggested promising avenues for future treatment strategies in patients with severe coronavirus disease-2019 and cytokine release syndrome.
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Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reativa , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina , Dexametasona , Ferritinas , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/sangue , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biomarcadores/sangue , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/complicações , Ferritinas/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Interleucina-6/sangue , Quimioterapia Combinada , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Contagem de Linfócitos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/análise , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
Objectives: To determine how plasma fibrinogen levels impact the severity of microvascular complications in people with type 2 diabetes while focussing on the molecular mechanisms of fibrinogen's role in such complications. METHODS: The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 at the Department of Medicine, Mardan Medical Complex and Teaching Hospital, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and comprised adult patients of either gender who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and microvascular complications. Each patient was subjected to an evaluation of microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, using validated diagnostic criteria and clinical examinations. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. RESULTS: Of the 174 patients 97(%) were males and 77(%) were females. Retinopathy was found in 57(32.7) patients with median age 53 years (interquartile range: 46-63 years). Nephropathy was found in 55(31.6%) subjects with median age 54 years (interquartile range: 50-61 years). Neuropathy was found in 62(35.6%) patients with median age 53 years (interquartile range: 48-58 years). Diabetic neuropathy was significantly associated with elevated plasma fibrinogen levels and various biomarkers, such as creatinine, urea, fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin and estimated average glucose (p<0.05). Diabetic retinopathy was significantly linked with higher levels of fibrinogen, which manifested through symptoms, like floaters or dark spots, impaired colour vision, difficulty seeing at night, blurred or fluctuating vision and vision loss (p<0.05). Diabetic nephropathy and the progression of its severity was significantly associated with increased fibrinogen levels, as well as markers, like albuminuria, creatinine, urea, fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin and estimated average glucose (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with type 2 diabetes significantly correlated with increased microvascular complications, underscoring the importance of monitoring and managing fibrinogen levels to mitigate diabetes-associated vascular pathologies.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Neuropatias Diabéticas , Retinopatia Diabética , Fibrinogênio , Humanos , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fibrinogênio/análise , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Retinopatia Diabética/sangue , Retinopatia Diabética/epidemiologia , Retinopatia Diabética/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Neuropatias Diabéticas/sangue , Neuropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Neuropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/sangue , Nefropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/sangue , Angiopatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Creatinina/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effects of aluminum phosphide poisoning dosage on arterial blood gases and the clinical outcome. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the intensive care unit of Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, Pakistan, from January 2021 to May 2022, and comprised patients of either gender who had attempted suicide using aluminum phosphide. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. RESULTS: Of the 116 patients, 42(36.2%) were males and 74(63.8%) were females. There were 75(64.65) survivors; 31(41.33) males and 44(58.66) females with overall mean age 26.30±9.45 years. There were 41(35.35%) non-survivors; 11(26.82%) males and 30(73.18) females with overall mean age 28.21±11.16 years.During hospitalisation, the non- survivors showed drastically decreased levels of all arterial blood gas paramters with severe clinical outcomes (p<0.05). As the number of aluminum phosphide pills increased, the chance of survival decreased (p<0.05). The non-survivors spent an average of 32.51±16.02 hours in hospital (range: 6-59 hours). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who ingested more aluminum phosphide pills had more abnormal arterial blood gas parameter with severe clinical outcomes. Also, they had lower chance of survival and unfavourable response to treatment.
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Praguicidas , Intoxicação , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Triticum , Estudos Transversais , GasesRESUMO
This study aimed to prepare a stirred type of fat-free yogurt from enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder (EHPP) and skimmed milk powder (SMP) without changing its quality and consumer acceptance. The yogurt formulations prepared contained different amount of EHPP 0, 10, 25 and 50% and were stored for 28 days at 4 °C and observed that with increasing substitution ratio, acid production was increased while the viability of lactic acid bacteria was decreased after 28 days of storage at 4 °C. The antioxidant activities (2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the yogurt were increased with increasing EHPP over the storage period. The yogurt formulations having 25 to 50% EHPP has the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity and FRAP values. Water holding capacity (WHC) was decreased over the storage period with 25% EHPP. The hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess were decreased while no significant change was found in springiness with EHPP addition over the storage period. The rheological analysis showed an elastic behavior of yogurt gels with EHPP supplementation. The sensory results of yogurt containing 25% EHPP have the highest values of taste and acceptance. Yogurt in combination with EHPP and SMP has the higher levels of WHC than non-supplemented yogurt and better stability was recorded during storage. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05737-9.
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Sugar is crucial as an essential nutrient for humans as well as for providing texture, sweetness and so on to food. But with the rise in people's pursuit of health, it is becoming increasingly clear that excessive consumption of sugar can locate a load on the body. It has been that excessive sugar is associated with many diseases, such as dental caries, obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Therefore, researchers and industries are trying to reduce or substitute sugar in food without affecting the sensory evaluation. Substituting sugar with sweeteners is alternatively becoming the most traditional way to minimize its use. So far, the sweeteners such as stevia and xylitol have been are commercially applied. Several studies have shown that technological innovation can partially compensate for the loss in sweetness as a result of sugar reduction, such as cross-modal interactions that stimulate sweetness with aroma, nanofiltration that filters disaccharides and above, enzyme-catalyzed sugar hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation that turns sugar into sugar alcohol. This review summarizes these studies to enhance the safety and quality of sugar-reduced products, and will provide some theoretical frameworks for the food industry to reduce sugar in foods, meet consumers' needs, and promote human health.
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Bioremediation of organic contaminants has become a major environmental concern in the last few years, due to its bio-resistance and potential to accumulate in the environment. The use of diverse technologies, involving chemical and physical principles, and passive uptake utilizing sorption using ecofriendly substrates have drawn a lot of interest. Biochar has got attention mainly due to its simplicity of manufacturing, treatment, and disposal, as it is a less expensive and more efficient material, and has a lot of potential for the remediation of organic contaminants. This review highlighted the adverse impact of persistent organic pollutants on the environment and soil biota. The utilization of biochar to remediate soil and contaminated compounds i.e., pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, antibiotics, and organic dyes has also been discussed. The soil application of biochar has a significant impact on the biodegradation, leaching, and sorption/desorption of organic contaminants. The sorption/desorption of organic contaminants is influenced by chemical composition and structure, porosity, surface area, pH, and elemental ratios, and surface functional groups of biochar. All the above biochar characteristics depend on the type of feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. However, the concentration and nature of organic pollutants significantly alters the sorption capability of biochar. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of biochar and soils/wastewater, and the nature of organic contaminants, should be evaluated before biochar application to soil and wastewater. Future initiatives, however, are needed to develop biochars with better adsorption capacity, and long-term sustainability for use in the xenobiotic/organic contaminant remediation strategy.
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Cortisona , Poluentes Ambientais , Águas Residuárias , Solo , Poluentes Orgânicos PersistentesRESUMO
Network slicing (NS) is one of the most prominent next-generation wireless cellular technology use cases, promising to unlock the core benefits of 5G network architecture by allowing communication service providers (CSPs) and operators to construct scalable and customized logical networks. This, in turn, enables telcos to reach the full potential of their infrastructure by offering customers tailored networking solutions that meet their specific needs, which is critical in an era where no two businesses have the same requirements. This article presents a commercial overview of NS, as well as the need for a slicing automation and orchestration framework. Furthermore, it will address the current NS project objectives along with the complex functional execution of NS code flow. A summary of activities in important standards development groups and industrial forums relevant to artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is also provided. Finally, we identify various open research problems and potential answers to provide future guidance.
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Inteligência Artificial , Aprendizado de Máquina , Automação , ComunicaçãoRESUMO
Psidium guajava L. (guava) is a small tree known for its fruit flavor that is cultivated almost around the globe in tropical areas. Its fruit is amazingly rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber. In different parts of the world, this plant holds a special place with respect to fruit and nutritional items. Pharmacological research has shown that this plant has more potential than just a fruit source; it also has beneficial effects against a variety of chronic diseases due to its rich nutritional and phytochemical profile. The primary goal of this document is to provide an updated overview of Psidium guajava L. and its bioactive secondary metabolites, as well as their availability for further study, with a focus on the health benefits and potential industrial applications. There have been several studies conducted on Psidium guajava L. in relation to its use in the pharmaceutical industry. However, its clinical efficacy and applications are still debatable. Therefore, in this review a detailed study with respect to phytochemistry of the plant through modern instruments such as GC and LC-MS has been discussed. The biological activities of secondary metabolites isolated from this plant have been extensively discussed. In order to perform long-term clinical trials to learn more about their effectiveness as drugs and applications for various health benefits, a structure activity relationship has been established. Based on the literature, it is concluded that this plant has a wide variety of biopharmaceutical applications. As a whole, this article calls for long-term clinical trials to obtain a greater understanding of how it can be used to treat different diseases.
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Psidium , Psidium/química , Antioxidantes/química , Etnofarmacologia , Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Potássio/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
Fresh fruits and vegetables, being the source of important vitamins, minerals, and other plant chemicals, are of boundless importance these days. Although in agriculture, the green revolution was a milestone, it was accompanied by the intensive utilization of chemical pesticides. However, chemical pesticides have hazardous effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, increasingly stimulating toward more eco-friendly and safer alternatives to prevent postharvest losses and lead to improving the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables. Proposed alternatives, natural plant extracts, are very promising due to their high efficacy. The plant-based extract is from a natural source and has no or few health concerns. Many researchers have elaborated on the harmful effects of synthetic chemicals on human life. People are now much more aware of safety and health concerns than ever before. In the present review, we discussed the latest research on natural alternatives for chemical synthetic pesticides. Considering that the use of plant-based extracts from aloe vera, lemongrass, or neem is non-chemical by-products of the fruits and vegetable industry, they are proved safe for human health and may be integrated with economic strategies. Such natural plant extracts can be a good alternative to chemical pesticides and preservatives.
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Praguicidas , Verduras , Agricultura , Frutas , Humanos , Praguicidas/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify various emerging diagnostics parameters of coronavirus disease 2019 related to disease progression and fatality. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah, Pakistan, from February 9, 2021, to April 21, 2021, and comprised patients of either gender aged >18 years diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 on the basis of polymerase chain reaction testing and who were admitted to the hospital using the World Health Organisation interim guidelines. Disease progression was categorised as mild, moderate, severe and critical, and they were monitored closely till the final outcome. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. RESULTS: Of the 408 patients, 215(52.69%) were male and 193(47.30%) were female. The overall median age of the sample was 55 years (interquartile range: 18-84 years). Symptoms included cough 92(22.54%), fever 80(19.60%), shortness of breath 78(19.60%), fatigue 60(14.70%) and loss of smell and test 52(12.74%), while 46(11.27%) were asymptomatic. Azithromycin was the most used drug 304(74.50%), while antiviral Remdesivir was given to 279(68.38%) patients and hydrocortisone to 143(35.04%). Plasma treatment was given to 55(13.48%) patients and mechanical ventilation to 87(21.32%). Compared to baseline, disease progression was mild in 72(17.64%) patients, moderate 96(23.52%), severe 98(24.01%) and critical in 89(21.81%), while no change was seen 53(12.99%) cases. Severity level was significantly associated with liver and renal function parameters (p<0.05). Overall, 47(11.51%) patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Different severity levels during hospitalisation among patients of coronavirus disease 2019 were noted, and severity level was significantly associated with liver and renal function parameters.
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COVID-19 , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Teste para COVID-19 , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study highlights the optimization of a suitable amount of enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder (EHPP) with whole milk powder (WMP) to produce a quality yogurt. The yogurt was prepared with different levels of EHPP (0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35 and 50% w/w) with WMP and evaluated after 24 h at 4 °C. The resulted product was analyzed on the basis of physicochemical, sensory, texture, antioxidant activity and microbiological analysis. The prepared yogurt showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in pH, protein and fat while acidity, moisture and ash contents were increased compared with control yogurt. In addition, textural parameters like hardness and adhesiveness were decreased while no significant (p < 0.05) change was found in springiness and cohesiveness. Moreover, color parameters such as L * and a * values decreased while b * values were increased. The current study suggested that the yogurt sample supplemented with 25% EHPP of WMP certainly improved the physicochemical, texture, microstructure, color, antioxidant and sensory properties of yogurt with EHPP. The prepared yogurt with EHPP provided an excellent flavor, satisfying sweetness, and homogeneous texture. The yogurt prepared from the EHPP presented potential industrial applications. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05112-6.
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OBJECTIVE: To develop an indigenous anxiety scale for adults and to assess the prevalence of anxiety among the adults. METHODS: Descriptive explanatory research design was carried out from 1st January 2018 to 31st May 2019 at the Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat. The indigenous anxiety scale for adults was used for data collection. Scale consisted on three sub scales which are used to assess the cognitive symptoms, behavior and physiological symptoms through CFA value and alpha reliability. Sample of adequacy is .965, Confirmatory Factor Analysis value .914, alpha reliability .974 were taken as standard. In cognitive symptoms subscale's alpha was 0.958, Behavior subscale .943 and Physiological symptoms subscale alpha was α .912. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety in 20-29 years individuals exhibited 17.5% (male 38.8%; female 62.2) symptoms of anxiety. 30-39 Years people showed 12.9% (male =56.9%; female=43.1%) , 40-49 years individuals showed 16.5% of anxiety and in late adulthood 50-60 years old people showed highest level of anxiety 22.10% (male=68.3%; female= 31.7). CONCLUSION: The anxiety scale for adults is a reliable indigenous scale for measuring anxiety in adults. Further, the prevalence rate of anxiety in adult population is alarming indication and middle and late adulthood suffered more anxiety as compare to early adulthood.
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Tau protein regulates, maintains and stabilizes microtubule assembly under normal physiological conditions. In certain pathological circumstances, tau is post-translationally modified predominantly via phosphorylation and glycosylation. Hyper-phosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) resulted in aggregated neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation. Unfortunately, absence of tau 3D structure makes difficult to understand exact mechanism involved in tau pathology. Here by using ab-initio modelling, we predicted a tau 3D structure that not only explains its binding with microtubules but also elucidates NFTs formation. O-linked ß-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-ß-GlcNAc) is thought to regulate tau phosphorylation on single or proximal Ser/Thr residues (called as Yin-Yang sites). In this study, we not only validate the previously described three-serine residues (208, 238 and 400) as Yin-Yang sites but also predicted 22 more possible Ser/Thr O-glycosylation sites. Among them seventeen residues were predicted as possible Yin-Yang sites and are proposed to mediate NFT formation in AD. These predicted Yin-Yang sites may act as attractive therapeutic targets for the drug development in AD. Predicted 3D structure of tau441 was highly accessible for phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation, and showed higher surface accessibility for interplay between O-ß-GlcNAc and phosphorylation modifications. Kinases and phosphatases involved in tau phosphorylation are conserved in human and other organisms. Homology modelling revealed conserved catalytic domain for both human and C. elegans O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), suggesting that transgenic C. elegans expressing human tau may be a suitable model system to study these modifications.
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Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/química , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Acetilglucosamina/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Sítios de Ligação , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Glicosilação , Humanos , Modelos Animais , Modelos Moleculares , Emaranhados Neurofibrilares/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Estrutura Quaternária de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Homologia Estrutural de Proteína , Proteínas tau/genéticaRESUMO
The integration of medical signal processing capabilities and advanced sensors into Internet of Things (IoT) devices plays a key role in providing comfort and convenience to human lives. As the number of patients is increasing gradually, providing healthcare facilities to each patient, particularly to the patients located in remote regions, not only has become challenging but also results in several issues, such as: (i) increase in workload on paramedics, (ii) wastage of time, and (iii) accommodation of patients. Therefore, the design of smart healthcare systems has become an important area of research to overcome these above-mentioned issues. Several healthcare applications have been designed using wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cloud computing, and fog computing. Most of the e-healthcare applications are designed using the cloud computing paradigm. Cloud-based architecture introduces high latency while processing huge amounts of data, thus restricting the large-scale implementation of latency-sensitive e-healthcare applications. Fog computing architecture offers processing and storage resources near to the edge of the network, thus, designing e-healthcare applications using the fog computing paradigm is of interest to meet the low latency requirement of such applications. Patients that are minors or are in intensive care units (ICUs) are unable to self-report their pain conditions. The remote healthcare monitoring applications deploy IoT devices with bio-sensors capable of sensing surface electromyogram (sEMG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to monitor the pain condition of such patients. In this article, fog computing architecture is proposed for deploying a remote pain monitoring system. The key motivation for adopting the fog paradigm in our proposed approach is to reduce latency and network consumption. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in minimizing delay and network utilization, simulations were carried out in iFogSim and the results were compared with the cloud-based systems. The results of the simulations carried out in this research indicate that a reduction in both latency and network consumption can be achieved by adopting the proposed approach for implementing a remote pain monitoring system.
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Internet das Coisas , Dor/diagnóstico , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto , Telemedicina , Computação em Nuvem , Atenção à Saúde , Eletrocardiografia , Eletromiografia , Humanos , Tecnologia sem FioRESUMO
MAIN CONCLUSION: A set of reliable SSR markers were developed for Ziziphus mauritiana. The genetic relationship of Z. mauritiana germplasms was generally consistent with their geographical origin, and low diversity in the maternal lineage was revealed. Ziziphus mauritiana, known as Indian jujube, is an important fruit crop that is native to southern Asia and eastern Africa. There is a variety of germplasm resources, and particularly many new cultivars were selected and introduced into wide tropical regions in recent years. However, there are few practical molecular markers for cultivar authentication and genetic analysis. In this study, we developed 55 polymorphic nuclear SSR markers based on restriction-site associated DNA sequences and transcriptome sequencing. We selected 14 robust nSSR markers for further analysis of 117 Z. mauritiana accessions from four countries (45 from China, 39 from Vietnam, 25 from Pakistan and 8 from Myanmar). In total, 137 alleles were detected and DNA fingerprints for each accession were constructed. Cluster analysis based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean displayed that most accessions clustered consistently with their geographic origin. In addition, there was common and high degree polyploidization based on nSSR and flow cytometry analyses. Only two of the 50 SSR loci in noncoding regions from the chloroplast genome had polymorphisms, and 5 haplotypes in total were identified among the 117 accessions. Haplotype C with 89 accessions was the most dominant haplotype and presented in four countries. This indicates low diversity in the maternal lineage of tested Z. mauritiana germplasm. Our research provides reliable marker resources for cultivar authentication and new insights into the genetic diversity, polyploidization and domestication of Z. mauritiana.
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Variação Genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Ziziphus/genética , Alelos , Análise por Conglomerados , Domesticação , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Ploidias , Polimorfismo Genético/genéticaRESUMO
The fifth-generation (5G) communications systems are expecting to support users with diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Beside these requirements, the task with utmost importance is to support the emergency communication services during natural or man-made disasters. Most of the conventional base stations are not properly functional during a disaster situation, so deployment of emergency base stations such as mobile personal cell (mPC) is crucial. An mPC having moving capability can move in the disaster area to provide emergency communication services. However, mPC deployment causes severe co-channel interference to the users in its vicinity. The problem in the existing resource allocation schemes is its support for static environment, that does not fit well for mPC. So, a resource allocation scheme for mPC users is desired that can dynamically allocate resources based on users’ location and its connection establishment priority. In this paper, we propose a public safety users priority-based context-aware resource allocation (PS-CARA) scheme for users sum-rate maximization in disaster environment. Simulations results demonstrate that the proposed PS-CARA scheme can increase the user average and edge rate around 10.3% and 32.8% , respectively because of context information availability and by prioritizing the public safety users. The simulation results ensure that call blocking probability is also reduced considerably under the PS-CARA scheme.
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Mosquitoes, as disease vectors causing global morbidity and mortality through diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika, necessitate mosquito population control methods. This study investigated the efficacy of nano-formulated insecticide-based sugar baits in controlling Anopheles gambiae populations and assessed their potential non-target impact on Coccinella septempunctata. This laboratory-based study employed thiolated polymer-coated attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) nano-formulations, delivering pesticides via nano-carriers. Adult and larvae populations of insects were collected from rice and cotton fields subjected to bioassays with 0.5% and 1% concentrations of each nano-formulated and conventional insecticide within ATSB solution, alongside a control 100% attractive sugar bait (ASB). Mosquitoes interacted overnight with insecticide-treated baits, and mortality was assessed. Further observations up to 72 h were conducted for potential delayed toxic effects. Results highlighted nano-ATSB carbosulfan's effectiveness, particularly among organophosphates and pyrethroids. Among pyrethroids, nano-ATSB cypermethrin exhibited high efficacy, while Deltamethrin displayed lower mortality. Among organophosphates, nano-ATSB chlorpyrifos induced substantial mortality. The nano-formulations of insecticide were harmless against C. septempunctata compared to their conventional form. Nano-formulations demonstrated enhanced mortality rates and prolonged efficacy against mosquitoes, having a benign impact on non-target beetles. We expect these results to aid in developing effective plant protection products suitable for IPM practices.
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(1) Background: International students with sufficient health literacy are better equipped to respond to public health emergencies and reduce any unintentional harm that may occur during such events. This study aims to assess the current status of health literacy among international students and investigate the factors that influence health literacy. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tokyo on international university students using a questionnaire consisting of the Communicative and Critical Health Literacy and eHealth Literacy Scales. The study analyzed 205 valid responses. Descriptive statistics were utilized to assess the level of health literacy, and linear regression was used to identify the association of socio-demographic characteristics and disease status with health and e-health literacy. (3) Results: Health literacy and e-health literacy were low in 48.29% and 47.29% of international students, respectively. The mean scores of CCHL items ranged from 3.13 to 3.26, while the mean scores of eHEALS items ranged from 3.33 to 3.49. Both health literacy and e-health literacy were better with unmarried status (p = 0.015), and e-health literacy was worse with higher age (p = 0.007). (4) Conclusions: Overall, international students' health literacy and e-health literacy were at intermediate levels, with considerable room for improvement, and affected by certain student attributes.
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Mosquitoes serve as vectors for various diseases like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and lymphatic filarial diseases causing significant global health problems, highlighting the importance of vector control. The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of nanoformulated clothianidin and chlorfenapyr insecticides treated with ATSB in controlling three mosquito strains. The development of a natural thiolated polymer-coated ATSB nano formulation involved incorporating nano-carriers to deliver insecticides. Field- collected mosquito strains were subjected to laboratory-based bioassays using 1 % and 1.5 % concentrations of each conventionally used and nanoformulated insecticide with ATSB solution. Adult mosquitoes were left overnight to contact with N-ATSB and efficacy was recorded after 36 and 72 h. The results showed that nanoformulated chlorfenapyr was significantly more effective as compared to clothianidin against An. funestus and Cx. quinquefasciatus but the results were not significantly different against An. coluzzii (100 %). An. coluzzii was found to be the most susceptible strain followed by An. funestus and showed 100 % and â¼ 98 % mortality against nanoformulated chlorfenapyr (1.5 %). Nanoformulated clothianidin induced more than 92 % and â¼ 100 % mortality against An. funestus and An. coluzzii respectively. However, Cx. quinquefasciatus significantly showed less mortality against nanoformulated clothianidin (88 %) and chlorfenapyr (>95 %) as compared to Anopheline strains. Furthermore, results indicate that nanoformulated insecticides significantly caused greater and prolonged fatality as compared to conventional form, suggesting effective and suitable strategies for vector management.
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Anopheles , Culex , Guanidinas , Inseticidas , Controle de Mosquitos , Neonicotinoides , Piretrinas , Tiazóis , Animais , Guanidinas/química , Guanidinas/farmacologia , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Culex/efeitos dos fármacos , Neonicotinoides/farmacologia , Anopheles/efeitos dos fármacos , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Piretrinas/farmacologia , Feminino , Análise de Sobrevida , BioensaioRESUMO
Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) has been characterized to prevent chronic diseases and improve gastrointestinal health, and it has been added to 3D printing plant-based meats (PM) to enhance texture and increase nutritional properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IDF on 3D printing properties and molecular interactions of soy protein isolate (SPI) - wheat gluten (WG) PM. Without the participation of IDF, PM appeared to collapse. When the IDF concentration increased from 0 to 10 %, PM displayed good printing properties, water holding capacity, tensile strength, and elongation at break were increased. Tensile strength and elongation at break reached a maximum at 10 % IDF, and clearly similar results were found for texture attribute indices such as hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and cohesiveness after cooking. All printing inks exhibited shear-thinning behavior and solid-like viscoelasticity, but the structural recovery properties of 3D-printed PM deteriorated when the IDF content was over 10 %. Intermolecular forces indicated that the addition of IDF enhanced the disulfide bonds so that 10 % IDF presented better printing properties. These results indicated the potential for developing PM with dietary fiber functionality through 3D printing technology.