RESUMO
Condensing osteitis of the clavicle is a rarely seen pathology since its first description in 1974. Although mechanical stress is claimed for aetiology, but remains a dilemma for physicians. The intermittent or steady pain is variable in intensity and generally localised at the medial end of the involved clavicle, supraclavicular fossa, ipsilateral anterior thorax and shoulder. In this report, we present a 28-year-old man with the regression of the condensing osteitis of the clavicle after the extraction of a decayed tooth.
Assuntos
Clavícula , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Osteíte/epidemiologia , Adulto , Comorbidade , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Osteíte/diagnóstico , Osteíte/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Estresse MecânicoRESUMO
Tuberculosis is primarily characterized by pulmonary involvement, however, one third of the cases exhibit extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In this report, a case of epidural abscess due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis with primary resistance to isoniazid and ethambutol was presented. A 57-year-old male patient was admitted to emergency service with ten days history of weakness in legs, disability of walking and fever. Neurological examination revealed paraplegia of lower extremities, numbness distal to T2 disc level and hyperactivity of deep tendon reflexes indicating transverse myelitis. Laboratory findings were as follows; ESR: 74 mm/hour, CRP: 22 g/L, ALT: 42 IU/L, AST: 45 IU/L and white blood cell count 23.000/mm3 (45% polymorphonuclear leukocyte, 45% lymphocyte, 10% monocyte). Spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed a fusiform abscess localized at anterior epidural space and extending along levels of C5-6 and C6-7. The longitudinal dimension of the abscess was 3 cm. The lesion was hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2 weighted MRI images with prominent rim shaped contrast enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. At fourth day of hospitalization the patient underwent neurosurgical management. M.tuberculosis was isolated from the cultures of operation material by Mycobacteria Growth Incubator Tube system (MGIT, BBL; BD, USA) on the 12th day. The isolate was found susceptible to streptomycin and rifampisin, but resistant to isoniazid and ethambutol. The treatment was initiated with rifampicin 600 mg/day, pyrazinamid 2 g/day, ethambutol 1.5 g/day and levofloxacin 500 mg/day. At the end of second month levofloxacin 500 mg/day and rifampisin 600 mg/day combination was sustained and total treatment period was planned as nine months. As far as the national literature was considered, this was the first case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with primary resistance to isoniazid and ethambutol.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Abscesso Epidural/microbiologia , Etambutol/farmacologia , Isoniazida/farmacologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Tuberculose do Sistema Nervoso Central/microbiologia , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Vértebras Cervicais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Quimioterapia Combinada , Abscesso Epidural/diagnóstico , Abscesso Epidural/tratamento farmacológico , Etambutol/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Levofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pirazinamida/uso terapêutico , Rifampina/farmacologia , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Estreptomicina/farmacologia , Vértebras Torácicas , Tuberculose do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Tuberculose do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
AIM: Experimental and clinical studies have revealed that hippocampal DBS can control epileptic activity, but the mechanism of action is obscure and optimal stimulation parameters are not clearly defined. The aim was to evaluate the effects of high frequency hippocampal stimulation on cortical epileptic activity in penicillin-induced epilepsy model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted DBS electrodes. In group-1 (n=10) hippocampal DBS was off and in the group-2 (n=10) hippocampal DBS was on (185 Hz, 0.5V, 1V, 2V, and 5V for 60 sec) following penicillin G injection intracortically. In the control group hippocampal DBS was on following 8 µl saline injection intracortically. EEG recordings were obtained before and 15 minutes following penicillin-G injection, and at 10th minutes following each stimulus for analysis in terms of frequency, amplitude, and power spectrum. RESULTS: High frequency hippocampal DBS suppressed the acute penicillin-induced cortical epileptic activity independent from stimulus intensity. In the control group, hippocampal stimulation alone lead only to diffuse slowing of cerebral bioelectrical activity at 5V stimulation. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that continuous high frequency stimulation of the hippocampus suppressed acute cortical epileptic activity effectively without causing secondary epileptic discharges. These results are important in terms of defining the optimal parameters of hippocampal DBS in patients with epilepsy.
Assuntos
Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Epilepsia/induzido quimicamente , Epilepsia/terapia , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Penicilina G/toxicidade , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eletrodos Implantados , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of syringaldehyde (SA) on the antioxidant and oxidant system in spinal cord ischemia (SCI). METHODS: These study and experiments were conducted at Medical Research Center, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey, between 2014-2018. Eighteen New Zealand White adult male rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the spinal cord tissues. Degenerated neurons, hemorrhage and in ammatory cell migration in the spinal cord were investigated histopathologically. Expressions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), caspase-3, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were evaluated immunohistochemically. Clinically, it was evaluated with modified Tarlov score. RESULTS: Biochemically, there was an expected decrease in SOD, CAT, and GPx enzyme activities in ischemia groups, there was also an increase in MPO activity at the same time. When the enzyme activities spinal cord ischemia/ reperfusion (SCI/R)+SA, control and SCI/R groups were compared, the difference was found to be statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity levels were very low in ischemia group compared to the significant increase in the SA group (p less than 0.05). Histopathologically, when SCI/R and SCI/R+SA groups were compared, there were statistically significant differences in the number of degenerative neurons and amount of hemorrhage; this comparison shows the significance of treatment in terms of inflammatory cell migration (p less than 0.05). The expressions of nNOS, caspase-3, and NF-κB were found significantly increased in SCI/R group compared to the control group (p less than 0.05). Syringaldehyde treatment decreased nNOS, caspase-3, and NF-κB expressions immunohistochemically. Clinical evaluation showed improvement in the SA-treated group. CONCLUSION: Syringaldehyde therapy administered for protective purposes may reduce oxidative stress, degenerative changes and in ammatory cell migration in the ischemic spinal cord.Saudi Med J 2020; Vol. 41 (4): 341-350doi: 10.15537/smj.2020.4.24993 How to cite this article:Malçok UA, Aras AB, Sehitoglu MH, Akman T, Yüksel Y. Therapeutic effects of syringaldehyde on spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. Saudi Med J 2020; Vol. 41: 341-350. doi: 10.15537/smj.2020.4.24993.
Assuntos
Benzaldeídos/farmacologia , Benzaldeídos/uso terapêutico , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Antioxidantes , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação , Masculino , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Regeneração Nervosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/metabolismo , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/patologia , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
AIM: In the relevant literature, there is no experimental study that investigated the axon protective effects of syringic acid- a polyphenol compound- with an anti-oxidant capacity on ischemia/reperfusion injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (no medication or surgical procedure), Sham group, Syringic acid group, and Methyprednisolone (MP) Group. Ischemia was achieved by abdominal aorta clamping and all animals were sacrificed 24 hours after ischemia. Harvested sciatic nerve segments were investigated histopathologically and for tissue biochemistry. RESULTS: Ischemic fiber degeneration scores were found significantly lower in syringic acid and MP groups than sham group. Additionally, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase caspase-3 immunostaining scores were lower in syringic acid and MP groups. Biochemically, superoxide dismutase and nuclear respiratory factor 1 values were significantly higher in syringic acid group compared to those of control and sham groups while malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the syringic acid group. CONCLUSION: Syringic acid reduces oxidative stress and axonal degeneration in rat sciatic nerve after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, syringic acid may play a role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries due to ischemia/reperfusion.
Assuntos
Axônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/etiologia , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/complicações , Nervo Isquiático/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Axônios/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/patologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Nervo Isquiático/metabolismo , Nervo Isquiático/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Aloe vera is compound which has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the neuroprotective role of aloe vera treatment in rats with experimental sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Twenty-eight male Wistar Albino rats were divided equally into 4 groups. Groups; Control group (no surgical procedure or medication), sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion group, sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion+aloe vera group and sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion+methylprednisolone group. Ischemia was performed by clamping the infrarenal abdominal aorta. 24 hours after ischemia, all animals were sacrificed. Sciatic nerve tissues were also examined histopathologically and biochemically. RESULTS: Ischemic fiber degeneration significantly decreased in the pre-treated with aloe vera and treated with methylprednisolone groups, especially in the pre-treated with aloe vera group, compared to the sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion group (p<0.05). A significant decrease in MDA, an increase in NRF1 level and SOD activity were observed in the groups which obtained from the AV and MP groups when compared to the sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion group. When all results were analysed it was seen that the aloe vera group was not statistically different compared to the MP group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Aloe vera is effective neuroprotective against sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion injury via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Also aloe vera was found to be as effective as MP.
Assuntos
Aloe/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Nervo Isquiático/patologia , Animais , Axônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Axônios/patologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Bainha de Mielina/efeitos dos fármacos , Bainha de Mielina/patologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fator 1 Nuclear Respiratório/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Células de Schwann/efeitos dos fármacos , Células de Schwann/metabolismo , Células de Schwann/patologia , Nervo Isquiático/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the different types of fusion materials known as PEEK cages used during anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 67 patients were operated and evaluated retrospectively under two groups (group A: 35 PEEK cage patients, group B: 32 bladed PEEK cage patients) between 2009 and 2013. Preoperative and postoperative (postoperative first day, postoperative 1st, 3rd and 12-24th mo) images were obtained. The cervical disc heights, cervical and segmental lordotic angles of the operated levels were calculated. Pain assessment was performed and fusion rates were also compared. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare the outcomes. RESULTS: The pain scores (especially for arm pain) were decreased significantly in both groups after surgery regardless of the type of operation technique (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between both groups at the disc height measurements of operated levels in postoperative periods (P > 0.05). In addition to these; there was no significant difference between both groups of segmental and cervical lordodic angles in postoperative periods (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the fusion rates and pain scores of both groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The PEEK cage and bladed PEEK cages can be used safely to obtain fusion after ACD.
Assuntos
Discotomia/métodos , Fixadores Internos , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Adulto , Benzofenonas , Vértebras Cervicais/patologia , Vértebras Cervicais/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Disco Intervertebral/patologia , Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Cetonas , Lordose/diagnóstico por imagem , Lordose/patologia , Lordose/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/epidemiologia , Polietilenoglicóis , Polímeros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible protective/therapeutic effects of aloe vera (AV) on ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) of spinal cord in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 Wistar Albino rats were divided into four random groups of equal number (n = 7). Group I (control) had no medication or surgery; Group II underwent spinal cord ischemia and was given no medication; Group III was administered AV by gastric gavage for 30 days as pre-treatment; Group IV was administered single dose intraperitoneal methylprednisolone (MP) after the ischemia. Nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were evaluated. Tissue samples were examined histopathologically and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein expressions were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: NRF1 and SOD levels of ischemia group were found to be lower compared to the other groups. MDA levels significantly increased after I/R. Treatment with AV and MP resulted in reduced MDA levels and also alleviated hemorrhage, edema, inflammatory cell migration and neurons were partially protected from ischemic injury. When AV treatment was compared with MP, there was no statistical difference between them in terms of reduction of neuronal damage. I/R injury increased NF-κB and nNOS expressions. AV and MP treatments decreased NF-κB and nNOS expressions. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that aloe vera attenuated neuronal damage histopathologically and biochemically as pretreatment. Further studies may provide more evidence to determine the additional role of aloe vera in spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury.
Assuntos
Fitoterapia , Preparações de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Masculino , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo I/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/patologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The main causes of spinal cord ischemia are a variety of vascular pathologies causing acute arterial occlusions. We investigated neuroprotective effects of kefir on spinal cord ischemia injury in rats. METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups : 1) sham operated control rats; 2) spinal cord ischemia group fed on a standard diet without kefir pretreatment; and 3) spinal cord ischemia group fed on a standard diet plus kefir. Spinal cord ischemia was performed by the infrarenal aorta cross-clamping model. The spinal cord was removed after the procedure. The biochemical and histopathological changes were observed within the samples. Functional assessment was performed for neurological deficit scores. RESULTS: The kefir group was compared with the ischemia group, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels was observed (p<0.05). Catalase and superoxide dismutase levels of the kefir group were significantly higher than ischemia group (p<0.05). In histopathological samples, the kefir group is compared with ischemia group, there was a significant decrease in numbers of dead and degenerated neurons (p<0.05). In immunohistochemical staining, hipoxia-inducible factor-1α and caspase 3 immunopositive neurons were significantly decreased in kefir group compared with ischemia group (p<0.05). The neurological deficit scores of kefir group were significantly higher than ischemia group at 24 h (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that kefir pretreatment in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion reduced oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration as a neuroprotective agent. Ultrastructural studies are required in order for kefir to be developed as a promising therapeutic agent to be utilized for human spinal cord ischemia in the future.
RESUMO
Brain ischemia and treatment are one of the important topics in neurological science. Free oxygen radicals and inflammation formed after ischemia are accepted as the most important causes of damage. Currently, there are studies on many chemopreventive agents to prevent cerebral ischemia damage. Our aim is to research the preventive effect of the active ingredient in genistein, previously unstudied, on oxidative damage in cerebral ischemia. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (no medication or surgical procedure), ischemia group, and artery ischemia+genistein group, sacrificed at 24 h after ischemia. The harvested brain tissue from the right hemisphere was investigated histopathologically and for tissue biochemistry. Superoxide dismutase and nuclear respiratory factor 1 values decreased after ischemia and they increased after genistein treatment, while increased malondialdehyde levels after ischemia reduced after treatment. Apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase caspase-3 and caspase-9 values increased after ischemia, but reduced after treatment. Our study revealed that genistein treatment in cerebral ischemia reduced oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration. We believe that genistein treatment may be an alternative treatment method.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Genisteína/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Fator 1 Nuclear Respiratório/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Caspase 9/metabolismo , Cisteína Proteases/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The main causes of spinal cord ischemia are a variety of vascular pathologies causing acute arterial occlusions. We investigated neuroprotective effects of coumaric acid on spinal cord ischemia injury in rats. Rats were divided randomly into four groups of eight animals as follows: control, ischemia, ischemia + coumaric acid, and ischemia + methylprednisolone. In the control group, only a laparotomy was performed. In all other groups, the spinal cord ischemia was performed by the infrarenal aorta cross-clamping model. Levels of malondialdehyde and nuclear respiratory factor 1 were analyzed, as were the activity of superoxide dismutase. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. Neurological evaluation was performed with the Tarlov scoring system. The ischemia + coumaric acid group was compared with the ischemia group, and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and levels was observed. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 level and superoxide dismutase activity of the ischemia + coumaric acid group were significantly higher than in the ischemia group. In histopathological samples, the ischemia + coumaric acid group is compared with the ischemia group, and there was a significant increase in numbers of normal neurons. In immunohistochemical staining, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and NF-kappa B immunopositive neurons were significantly decreased in the ischemia + coumaric acid group compared with that in the ischemia group. The neurological deficit scores of the ischemia + coumaric acid group were significantly higher than the ischemia group at 24 h. Our results revealed for the first time that coumaric acid exhibits meaningful neuroprotective activity following ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord.
Assuntos
Ácidos Cumáricos/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/metabolismo , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
AIM: Anterior transodontoid screw fixation technique is generally chosen for the management of type II odontoid fractures. The nonunion of type II odontoid fractures is still a major problem especially in elderly and osteoporotic patients. Eleven osteoporotic type II odontoid fracured patients were presented in this article. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have divided 11 patients in two groups as classical and Ozer's technique. We have also compared (radiologically and clinically) the classical anterior transodontoid screw fixation (group II: 6 cases) and Ozer's transodontoid screw fixation technique (group I: 5 cases) retrospectively. RESULTS: There was no difference regaring the clinical features of the groups. However, the radiological results showed 100% fusion for Ozer's screw fixation technique and 83% fusion for the classical screw fixation technique. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we suggest that Ozer's technique may help to increase the fusion capacity for osteoporotic type II odontoid fractures.
Assuntos
Gerenciamento Clínico , Processo Odontoide/lesões , Processo Odontoide/cirurgia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/cirurgia , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Parafusos Ósseos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Processo Odontoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas por Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of coumaric acid on sciatic nerve ischemia/reperfusion (SNI) injury in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (no medication or surgical procedure), SNI group, SNI + coumaric acid (CA) group, and SNI + methylprednisolone (MP) group. Ischemia was achieved by abdominal aorta clamping, and all animals were sacrificed 24 h after ischemia. Harvested sciatic nerve segments were investigated histopathologically and for tissue biochemistry. A significant decrease in MDA, an increase in NRF1 levels, and increase in SOD activity were observed in the groups which received coumaric acid and methylprednisolone when compared to the corresponding untreated group (p < 0.05). Ischemic fiber degeneration significantly reduced in the SNI + CA and SNI + MP groups, especially in the SNI + MP group, compared to the SNI group (p < 0.05). Beta amyloid protein expressions were significantly decreased in the SNI + CA group compared to the SNI group (p < 0.05). Our study revealed that coumaric acid treatment after ischemia/reperfusion in rat sciatic nerves reduced oxidative stress and axonal degeneration. Therefore, coumaric acid may play a role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries due to ischemia/reperfusion.
Assuntos
Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Nervo Isquiático/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuropatia Ciática/prevenção & controle , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Metilprednisolona/farmacologia , Fator 1 Nuclear Respiratório/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/metabolismo , Traumatismos dos Nervos Periféricos/patologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Nervo Isquiático/metabolismo , Nervo Isquiático/patologia , Neuropatia Ciática/metabolismo , Neuropatia Ciática/patologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Stroke poses a crucial risk for mortality and morbidity. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of p-coumaric acid on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely Group I (control rats), Group II (ischemia rats), Group III (6 hr ischemia + p-coumaric acid rats) and Group IV (24 hr ischemia + p-coumaric acid rats). Cerebral ischemia was induced via intraluminal monofilament occlusion model. In all groups, the brain was removed after the procedure and rats were sacrificed. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and nuclear respiratory factor-1 were measured in the ischemic hemisphere. The histopathological changes were observed in the right hemisphere within the samples. Functional assessment was performed for neurological deficit scores. RESULTS: Following the treatment, biochemical factors changed significantly. Histopathologically, it was shown that p-coumaric acid decreased the oxidative damage. The neurological deficit scores of p-coumaric acid-treated rats were significantly improved after cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that p-coumaric acid is a neuroprotective agent on account of its strong anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic features. Moreover, p-coumaric acid decreased the focal ischemia. Extra effort should be made to introduce p-coumaric acid as a promising therapeutic agent to be utilized for treatment of human cerebral ischemia in the future.
RESUMO
Cerebral ischemia is still one of the most important topics in neurosciences. Our study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective and anti-oxidant effects of glycyrrhizic acid on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided equally into three groups. A middle cerebral artery occlusion model was performed in this study where sham and glycyrrhizic acid were administered intraperitoneally following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Group I was evaluated as control. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1) levels were analyzed biochemically on the right cerebral hemisphere, while ischemic histopathological studies were completed to investigate the anti-oxidant status. Biochemical results showed that SOD and NRF1 levels were significantly increased in the glycyrrhizic acid group compared with the sham group while MDA levels were significantly decreased. On histopathological examination, cerebral edema, vacuolization, degeneration, and destruction of neurons were decreased in the glycyrrhizic acid group compared with the sham group. Cerebral ischemia was attenuated by glycyrrhizic acid administration. These observations indicate that glycyrrhizic acid may have potential as a therapeutic agent in cerebral ischemia by preventing oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Isquemia Encefálica/prevenção & controle , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ácido Glicirrízico/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Animais , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Many studies of brain ischemia have shown the role played by massive ischemia-induced production of reactive oxygen species, the main mechanism of neuronal death. However, currently, there is no treatment choice to prevent cell death triggered by reactive oxygen species. In our study, we researched the effects of tannic acid, an antioxidant, on the ischemic tissue of rats with induced middle cerebral artery occlusion. The animals were divided into three groups of eight animals. The sham group were only administered 10 % ethanol intraperitoneally, the second group had middle cerebral artery occlusion induced and were given 10 % ethanol intraperitoneally, while the third group had middle cerebral artery occlusion with 10 mg/kg dose tannic acid dissolved in 10 % ethanol administered within half an hour intraperitoneally. The rats were sacrificed 24 h later, and brain tissue was examined biochemically and histopathologically. Biochemical evaluation of brain tissue found that comparing the ischemic group with no treatment with the tannic acid-treated ischemia group; the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were higher, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower, and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) was higher in the tannic acid-treated group. Histopathological examination showed that the histopathological results of the tannic acid group were better than the group not given tannic acid. Biochemical and histopathological results showed that tannic acid administration had an antioxidant effect on the negative effects of ischemia in brain tissue.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Taninos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Taninos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Acute arterial occlusions via different vascular pathologies are the main causes of spinal cord ischemia. We investigated neuroprotective effects of syringic acid on spinal cord ischemia injury in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: (I) sham-operated control rats, (II) spinal cord ischemia group, (III) spinal cord ischemia group performed syringic acid, and (IV) spinal cord ischemia group performed methylprednisolone intraperitoneally. Spinal cord ischemia was performed by the infrarenal aorta cross-clamping model. The spinal cord was removed after the procedure. The biochemical and histopathological changes were observed within the samples. Functional assessment was performed for neurological deficit scores. A significant decrease was seen in malondialdehyde levels in group III as compared to group II (P < 0.05). Besides these, nuclear respiratory factor-1 and superoxide dismutase activity of group III were significantly higher than group II (P < 0.05). In histopathological samples, when group III was compared with group II, there was a significant decrease in numbers of apoptotic neurons (P < 0.05). In immunohistochemical staining, BECN1 and caspase-3-immunopositive neurons were significantly decreased in group III compared with group II (P < 0.05). The neurological deficit scores of group III were significantly higher than group II at twenty-fourth hour of ischemia (P < 0.05). Our study revealed that syringic acid pretreatment in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion reduced oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration as a neuroprotective agent. Ultrastructural studies are required for syringic acid to be developed as a promising therapeutic agent to be utilized for human spinal cord ischemia in the future.
Assuntos
Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Ácido Gálico/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/metabolismo , Isquemia do Cordão Espinal/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Daidzein, a plant extract, has antioxidant activity. It is hypothesized, in this study, that daidzein exhibits neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia. Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were intraperitoneally administered daidzein. Biochemical and immunohistochemical tests showed that superoxide dismutase and nuclear respiratory factor 1 expression levels in the brain tissue decreased after ischemia and they increased obviously after daidzein administration; malondialdehyde level and apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase caspase-3 and caspase-9 immunoreactivity in the brain tissue increased after ischemia and they decreased obviously after daidzein administration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and luxol fast blue staining results showed that intraperitoneal administration of daidzein markedly alleviated neuronal damage in the ischemic brain tissue. These findings suggest that daidzein exhibits neuroprotective effects on ischemic brain tissue by decreasing oxygen free radical production, which validates the aforementioned hypothesis.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Changes in ocular perfusion play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic optic neuropathy. Ocular perfusion pressure is equal to mean arterial pressure minus intraocular pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the intraocular pressure and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients undergoing spinal surgery in the prone position. METHODS: This prospective study included 30 patients undergoing spinal surgery. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were measured one day before and after the surgery by using optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure was measured by tonopen six times at different position and time-duration: supine position (baseline); 10min after intubation (Supine 1); 10 (Prone 1), 60 (Prone 2), 120 (Prone 3)min after prone position; and just after postoperative supine position (Supine 2). RESULTS: Our study involved 10 male and 20 female patients with the median age of 57 years. When postoperative retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were compared with preoperative values, a statistically significant thinning was observed in inferior and nasal quadrants (p=0.009 and p=0.003, respectively). We observed a statistically significant intraocular pressure decrease in Supine 1 and an increase in both Prone 2 and Prone 3 when compared to the baseline. Mean arterial pressure and ocular perfusion pressure were found to be significantly lower in Prone 1, Prone 2 and Prone 3, when compared with the baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown increase in intraocular pressure during spinal surgery in prone position. A statistically significant retinal nerve fiber layer thickness thinning was seen in inferior and nasal quadrants one day after the spinal surgery.