Azimuthal Angle Correlations of Muons Produced via Heavy-Flavor Decays in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and pp Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

Angular correlations between heavy quarks provide a unique probe of the quark-gluon plasma created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Results are presented of a measurement of the azimuthal angle correlations between muons originating from semileptonic decays of heavy quarks produced in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and pp collisions at the LHC. The muons are measured with transverse momenta and pseudorapidities satisfying p_{T}^{µ}>4 GeV and |η^{µ}|<2.4, respectively. The distributions of azimuthal angle separation Δϕ for muon pairs having pseudorapidity separation |Δη|>0.8, are measured in different Pb+Pb centrality intervals and compared to the same distribution measured in pp collisions at the same center-of-mass energy. Results are presented separately for muon pairs with opposite-sign charges, same-sign charges, and all pairs. A clear peak is observed in all Δϕ distributions at Δϕ∼π, consistent with the parent heavy-quark pairs being produced via hard-scattering processes. The widths of that peak, characterized using Cauchy-Lorentz fits to the Δϕ distributions, are found to not vary significantly as a function of Pb+Pb collision centrality and are similar for pp and Pb+Pb collisions. This observation will provide important constraints on theoretical descriptions of heavy-quark interactions with the quark-gluon plasma.

Search for Nearly Mass-Degenerate Higgsinos Using Low-Momentum Mildly Displaced Tracks in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

Higgsinos with masses near the electroweak scale can solve the hierarchy problem and provide a dark matter candidate, while detecting them at the LHC remains challenging if their mass splitting is O(1 GeV). This Letter presents a novel search for nearly mass-degenerate Higgsinos in events with an energetic jet, missing transverse momentum, and a low-momentum track with a significant transverse impact parameter using 140 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment. For the first time since LEP, a range of mass splittings between the lightest charged and neutral Higgsinos from 0.3 to 0.9 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level, with a maximum reach of approximately 170 GeV in the Higgsino mass.

Study of High-Transverse-Momentum Higgs Boson Production in Association with a Vector Boson in the qqbb Final State with the ATLAS Detector.

This Letter presents the first study of Higgs boson production in association with a vector boson (V=W or Z) in the fully hadronic qqbb final state using data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb^{-1}. The vector bosons and Higgs bosons are each reconstructed as large-radius jets and tagged using jet substructure techniques. Dedicated tagging algorithms exploiting b-tagging properties are used to identify jets consistent with Higgs bosons decaying into bb[over ¯]. Dominant backgrounds from multijet production are determined directly from the data, and a likelihood fit to the jet mass distribution of Higgs boson candidates is used to extract the number of signal events. The VH production cross section is measured inclusively and differentially in several ranges of Higgs boson transverse momentum: 250-450, 450-650, and greater than 650 GeV. The inclusive signal yield relative to the standard model expectation is observed to be µ=1.4_{-0.9}^{+1.0} and the corresponding cross section is 3.1±1.3(stat)_{-1.4}^{+1.8}(syst) pb.

Measurement of the Centrality Dependence of the Dijet Yield in p+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

ATLAS measured the centrality dependence of the dijet yield using 165 nb^{-1} of p+Pb data collected at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV in 2016. The event centrality, which reflects the p+Pb impact parameter, is characterized by the total transverse energy registered in the Pb-going side of the forward calorimeter. The central-to-peripheral ratio of the scaled dijet yields, R_{CP}, is evaluated, and the results are presented as a function of variables that reflect the kinematics of the initial hard parton scattering process. The R_{CP} shows a scaling with the Bjorken x of the parton originating from the proton, x_{p}, while no such trend is observed as a function of x_{Pb}. This analysis provides unique input to understanding the role of small proton spatial configurations in p+Pb collisions by covering parton momentum fractions from the valence region down to x_{p}∼10^{-3} and x_{Pb}∼4×10^{-4}.

Combination of Searches for Resonant Higgs Boson Pair Production Using pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

A combination of searches for a new resonance decaying into a Higgs boson pair is presented, using up to 139 fb^{-1} of pp collision data at sqrt[s]=13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The combination includes searches performed in three decay channels: bb[over ¯]bb[over ¯], bb[over ¯]τ^{+}τ^{-}, and bb[over ¯]γγ. No excess above the expected Standard Model background is observed and upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of Higgs boson pairs originating from the decay of a narrow scalar resonance with mass in the range 251 GeV-5 TeV. The observed (expected) limits are in the range 0.96-600 fb (1.2-390 fb). The limits are interpreted in the type-I two-Higgs-doublet model and the minimal supersymmetric standard model, and constrain parameter space not previously excluded by other searches.

Oxidative stress may be a contributing factor in fibromyalgia patients' pain mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM), a continuously painful syndrome with no known origin, has been related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that FM may be associated with an oxidative balance disorder. The objective of this study was to measure the levels of oxidative stress in FM patients and try to understand the association between FM and free radicals. METHODS: This study was performed on 100 volunteers admitted to the University of Health Sciences, Sultan 2, Abdulhamid Han Health Application and Research Center Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Clinic, including 50 healthy controls and 50 patients with FM. To analyze oxidative stress biomarkers, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured. Total thiol (TT) and native thiol (NT) concentrations were measured to determine the relationship between thiol groups. Disulfide (DIS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated with mathematical formulas. RESULTS: While TOS and OSI levels were statistically higher in FM patients, TAS levels were significantly lower compared to the healthy control group (p<0.001). In comparison to the healthy control group, FM patients had considerably decreased TT and NT levels. DIS levels were significantly higher in FM patients than in controls (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Reactive oxygen species have several negative impacts on the human body. As a result of the measurements we analyzed, the relationship between FM and oxidative stress should be studied in terms of disease progression and may help improve the treatment process.

Questioning How to Define the "Ultra-High-Risk" Subgroup of Neuroblastoma Patients.

Neuroblastic tumours exhibit heterogeneity, which results in different therapeutic outcomes. Neuroblastoma is categorized into three major risk groups (low, intermediate, high risk). Recent identification of new genes raised the possibility of new biomarkers to identify sub-risk groups. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess new biomarkers defining the ultra-high-risk subgroup within the high-risk group that differ in clinical situation with very bad prognosis. Twenty-five low- and 29 high-risk groups of patients were analysed for their expression of ALK, ATRX, HIF1a, HIF2a (EPAS), H2AFX, and ETV5 genes at the RNA level. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm the protein expression level of ALK. The risk group of patients was determined according to the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Stratification System. Spearman correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney-U nonparametric test were used to assess the importance of expression levels among the groups. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Sensitivity of the results was checked by ROC curve analysis. All analysed genes were found to be highly expressed in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group, except for ETV5. When the ultra-high-risk and highrisk groups were compared, ALK was found to be highly expressed in the ultra-high-risk group. Our results show that ALK may be a candidate gene whose mRNA expression levels can distinguish the ultrahigh- risk subgroup of patients in the high-risk group of patients with non-familial neuroblastoma.

VASPIN, ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN LEVELS IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC RATS INDUCED BY STREPTOZOTOCIN.

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin, vaspin and leptin are only a few of these numerous adipocytokines. Little is known about the behavior of adipocytokines and how adipose tissue metabolism is affected in this Type 1 DM model. In this study we investigated the serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, vaspin in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve Spraque Dawley albino rats were included in the study. The animals were divided into two groups. The first group was diabetic (D) (n: 6) and 60mg / kg STZ was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to these rats. The second group was the non-diabetic control (ND) group (n: 6). All the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Quantification of vaspin, Adiponectin, leptin in serum was performed using the ELISA kit. RESULTS: Adiponectin, vaspin levels of diabetic group were found to be statistically lower than of control group (p<0.05). Leptin levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a need for new researches that can explain the relationship between Vaspin, Leptin and Adiponectin and Type 1 diabetes. New studies in this area will open new horizons for the identification of new biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of Type 1 diabetes.

Living donor liver transplantation for patients with portal vein thrombosis: high-volume single center experience.

OBJECTIVE: End-stage liver disease is commonly associated with portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Lastly, PVT is no longer an absolute contraindication for liver transplantation, and many centers adopt portal vein thrombectomy. PVT imposes special technical difficulties during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In this research, the experience with PVT cases during LDLT in a high-volume center is introduced. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2018 and July 2023, 312 patients underwent LDLT. After 88 cases were excluded, 224 cases were included, and their incidence of pre-transplant PVT was 16.5% (37/224). Demographic and clinical features, perioperative variables, and post-transplant outcomes of patients with PVT (PVT group, n=37) were compared to patients who had no PVT (non-PVT group, n=187). RESULTS: According to Yerdel classification, 16, 16, 2, and 3 patients had PVT grade I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Complete venous thrombectomy was accomplished in 34 patients, while for three patients, thrombectomy was not feasible, and graft inflow was established by interposition vascular graft. For portal flow modulation, splenectomy and splenic artery ligation were performed in 7 and 4 patients, respectively, while two patients underwent post-transplant splenic artery embolization. The PVT group had longer operation time (p<0.001), longer warm ischemia time (p=0.031), longer anhepatic phase (p<0.001), and intraoperatively required more than 3 packed RBCs units (p=0.029) and ≥1 platelet unit transfusion (p=0.021) than the non-PVT group. No statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of re-exploration (p=0.954), post-transplant PVT (p=0.375), biliary (p=0.253) and arterial complications (p=0.593), ICU stay (p=0.633), hospital stay (p=896), and 30-day mortality (p=1.000). Survival analysis showed no statistically significant difference regarding 1-year survival (p=0.176) between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that patients with different stages of PVT can successfully undergo LDLT in experienced centers and that they do not differ from patients without PVT in terms of post-transplant complications.

A case of otocephaly with anencephaly and meningomyelocele.

A case of otocephaly with anencephaly and meningomyelocele: Otocephaly is a rare lethal syndrome with microstomia, aglossia, agnathia, and synotia as major clinical features due to arrest in development of the first branchial arch. Some associated anomalies may be present as cyclopia, holoprosencephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, situs inversus, and other visceral anomalies. We describe a case of fetus, spontaneously aborted in the 14th week of gestation with otocephaly complex (agnathia, synotia, microstomia) and associated anencephaly and meningomyelocele.

A case of lower mesodermal defects sequence.

Here, we describe a stillborn fetus who had lower mesodermal defects sequence associated with craniorachischisis, anencephaly, bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia.

Future aspects of immunotherapy and gene therapy in neuroblastoma.

Immunotherapy against cancer aims at stimulating the immune system or building an immune response against targeted tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). It was proposed theoretically as a potential therapy for cancer over a century ago but it became popular in the past two decades. Gene therapy represents a promising approach for reversing the neoplastic phenotype or driving tumor cells to self-destruction. Although survival rates of neuroblastoma (NB) with biologically favorable disease are greater than 90%, outcomes of patients with high risk disease are less than 40%. Stage 4 metastatic NB cases over 18 months of age are often incurable with multimodality chemotherapy regimens. In this article, translation of immuno-gene therapy strategies into clinical trials for NB are reviewed. Future aspects of immuno-gene therapy are discussed.

MRI screening of dysbaric osteonecrosis in hyperbaric-chamber inside attendants.

Inside attendants are medical staff who accompany patients during hyperbaric oxygen treatments. Dysbaric osteonecrosis (DON) is a well-known consequence of hyperbaric exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate DON in inside attendants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The bilateral shoulder, hip and knee joints of 12 inside attendants (four men, eight women; mean age 29 years; age range 22 - 36 years) were investigated. The mean +/- SD duration of employment as an inside attendant was 3.8 +/- 3.0 years (range 1 - 9 years) and the mean +/- SD number of hyperbaric exposures was 198 +/- 267 (median 96; range 30 - 950). None of the inside attendants had a history of decompression sickness. The MRIs of the attendants did not reveal bone lesions consistent with DON. This study failed to find an increased risk for DON in inside attendants. Additional multicentre epidemiological studies are warranted to investigate the occupational safety of inside attendants.

Effect of apoptosis and response of extracellular matrix proteins after chemotherapy application on human breast cancer cell spheroids.

Multicellular tumor spheroid (MTS) represents a three-dimensional structural form of tumors in laboratory conditions, and it has the characteristics of avascular micrometastases or intervascular spaces of big tumors. Recent studies indicate that extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play a critical role in tumor metastasis, therefore normal and cancer cells require an ECM for survival, proliferation and differentiation. Doxorubicin and Docetaxel are widely used in the therapy of breast cancer, as well as in in vivo and in vitro studies. In this study, we examined the effect of apoptosis and proliferation of cells on the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, by using p53, bcl-2 and Ki67 gene expression, and the tendency to metastasis with extracellular matrix proteins, laminin and type IV collagen after chemotherapy in the spheroid model. The apoptotic cell death in situ was detected by TUNEL method. TUNEL-positive cells and positive immunoreactivities of laminin, type IV collagen, p53 and, bcl-2 were detected in the control group. There was no laminin and type IV collagen immunoreactivities in spheroids of drug groups. While TUNEL-positive cells and p53 immunoreactivity were detected in Docetaxel, Doxorubicin and Docetaxel/Doxorubicin groups, p53 immunoreactivity was not observed in the Docetaxel group. There was no bcl-2 immunoreactivity in either drug group. In addition, we did not detect Ki67 immunoreactivity in both control and drug treatment groups. However, the absence of Ki67 protein in MCF-7 breast multicellular tumor spheroids is possibly related to the cells in G0 or S phase. These chemotherapeutic agents may affect the presence of ECM proteins in this in vitro model of micrometastasis of spheroids. These findings suggest that the possible mechanism of cell death in Doxorubicin and Docetaxel/Doxorubicin treatment groups is related to apoptosis through the p53 pathway. However, we considered the possibility that there is another control mechanism for the Docetaxel group.

Rho-associated protein kinase II (rock II) expression in normal and preeclamptic human placentas.

Rho-associated kinases are serine/threonine kinases that have several functions which might contribute to various physiological and pathological states in cells. There are two isoforms of these enzymes known as rho-associated kinase I (rock I, ROKbeta) and II (rock II, ROKalpha). It has been shown that rock II may be a potential mediator of apoptosis. In addition, rocks play a crucial role in the formation of microvilli-like structures. Increased placental apoptosis and microvilli shedding were shown in preeclampsia. We hypothesized that altered rock expression may lead to the pathologies seen in preeclampsia. Therefore in this study we compared placental rock II expression between normotensive and preeclamptic women using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot experiments revealed that rock II is mainly localized in syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placental villi and increased in preeclampsia. In addition to 160 kDa rock II molecule we also detected biologically relevant smaller active form of rock II in preeclamptic but not in normal placentas. We suggest that increased rock II expression in preeclamptic placentas may contribute to etiology or pathogenesis of this syndrome. However, it is considered that rock II expression may also increase to compensate for placental functions changing in preeclampsia.

Predictive value of bedside tests for difficult intubations.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to find the ideal test(s) for the prediction of difficult laryngoscopic intubation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients were selected at random for this prospective observational study. The patients' preoperative exams include the assessment of Mallampati classification, thyromental, sternomental, interincisor distances and neck circumference. The laryngoscopy was evaluated with using the Cormack Lehane classification. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of tests, alone and in combination, were assessed. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the difficult and easy intubation cases. Sternomental distance showed the highest sensitivity (76%) and positive predictor value (54%). As the critical value of neck circumference was set to 35 cm and above, the sensitivity was 74% and positive predictive value, 53%. For the neck circumference and sternomental distance combination, which is determined to be the most reliable and accurate criteria, the sensitivity was 62% and positive predictive value, 42%. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the sternomental distance and neck circumference combination may be a more accurate predictor of difficult intubation.

Four Separate Hepatic Vein Reconstructions in Living-Donor Right-Lobe Liver Transplantation: Case Report.

Living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with the use of a partial liver graft was established as an option to overcome the donor pool shortage, especially in developing countries. When right-lobe grafts are used for LDLT, appropriate venous drainage of the anterior segment is critical for maximizing the graft capacity. Here, we report a successful LDLT case using a right-lobe graft with 4 hepatic veins that were anastomosed separately to obtain adequate blood flow through the vena cava.

Tear function alterations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Complaints of dry eye are prevalent worldwide and are known to be associated with insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism. However, dry eye is often overlooked in the context of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether or not there is any relation between tear functions and PCOS, which is a multifaceted disorder associated with IR or hyperandrogenism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 35 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were enrolled in this study, along with 27 healthy controls. Body mass index (BMI), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and free testosterone levels on the third day of menstruation were recorded, as well as hirsutism score (using the Ferriman Gallwey scoring system), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment), neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratios (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLR), and mean platelet volumes (MPV). A complete ocular examination was followed by administration of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire and Schirmer and tear break-up time (TBUT) tests. RESULTS: Schirmer and OSDI results were similar between groups, but TBUT was significantly lower in the PCOS group (p = 0.002). There were negative correlations between FG score and TBUT test (r = -0.406, p = 0.001) and between NLR and Schirmer test (r = -0.294, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Although subjective dry eye symptoms do not present in all patients, these results confirm that tear reduction, which can cause further complications in patients with PCOS, can be detected by careful examination and sensitive tests.

Apoptosis bcl-2 and p53 expression and their relation to tumour stage in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC).

Little quantitative data exist on the extent of apoptosis (genetically mediated cell deletion) and no data are available on its relation to p53 and bcl-2 expression and on its value as a prognostic factor in NSCLCs. We examined 38 NSCLCs (26 squamous, 8 adeno, 2 adenosquamous and 2 large cell carcinomas) for the frequency of apoptotic bodies by morphometric methods using haematoxylin eosin stained sections and for the bcl-2 and mutant p53 gene product expression using immunohistochemical techniques. We also evaluated the relation of apoptosis, bcl-2 and p53 expression to tumour stage and to each other. Eleven cases were in stage I, 5 were in stage II, 13 were in stage III and 9 were in stage IV. The mean apoptotic count was 9.52 (r: 2-26); 36.8% of cases were positive for bcl-2 and 76.3% of cases were positive for p53 expression. Statistical analysis did not show any correlation between tumour stage and any of the three tested parameters. There was no statistically significant relation between apoptosis and either p53 or bcl-2 expression. There are conflicting reports on the complex relationship between bcl-2, p53 and apoptosis. bcl-2 is suggested to have a prognostic value, independent from stage in SCLCs. Though we did not find any relation between stage and bcl-2 or apoptosis, it remains to be tested whether they have any independent prognostic value in larger series with survival data.