Computed tomography virtual bronchoscopy: normal variants, pitfalls, and spectrum of common and rare pathology.

A broad spectrum of pathologies that involve the laryngotracheobronchial airway and imaging plays a crucial role in evaluating these abnormalities. Computed tomography with virtual bronchoscopy has been found to be very helpful in defining the location, extent, and nature of these lesions, and is increasingly being used even in patients with contraindications for fiberoptic bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy. Ionizing radiation, associated with virtual bronchoscopy, can be minimized by using low-dose multidetector computed tomography and hybrid iterative reconstruction techniques. Furthermore, retrospectively generated virtual bronchoscopy from a routinely acquired computed tomography data set eliminates additional cost and radiation. In the future, virtual bronchoscopy assisted with advanced navigational techniques will broaden the diagnostic and therapeutic landscape. This article presents the characteristic features of common and rare laryngotracheobronchial pathologies seen with virtual bronchoscopy.

Adrenal myelolipoma a rare benign tumour managed laparoscopically: Report of two cases.

Adrenal Myelolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue and a variable amount of haemopoietic elements. Most lesions are small and asymptomatic, discovered incidentally during autopsy or on imaging studies performed for other reasons. Two cases of myelolipoma are presented here, where the tumours were hormonally inactive, but presented with abdominal symptoms and were managed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy.