Molecular characterization of multidrug resistant E. coli associated to urinary tract infection in Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Escherichia coli account approximately to 85% of the Urinary tract infection. UTI affect the different parts of the urinary tract and is considered as a common bacterial infection. The infection is caused as a consequence of the urinary tract bacterial invasion. E. coli were isolated from the urine of UTI patients referred to King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Antibiotics susceptibility was tested on 25 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. The prevalence of antibiotics resistance genes was realized by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results showed heterogenicity in the percentage of antibiotics resistance from 100% for penicillin to 2% for imipenem. 30% of the isolates appeared as for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) positive and 74% are multidrug resistance strains. Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes showed that aac(3)-IV and blaSHV genes were identified in 33.33% of isolates. In addition, qnrA, blaCMY and dfrA1 genes were founded in 37.25%, 19.60% and 17.64% of the isolates respectively. In total, 17 different genotypes were detected, and 12 isolates (24%) do not include any genes in their genomes. Multi-drug resistant E. coli have antibiotics profiles highly variable and the mechanism of resistance was not correlated to the investigated genes.

Antibacterial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activity of Medicinal Plant Essential Oils Against Escherichia coli Isolated from UTI Patients.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), caused by Escherichia coli 80% to 85% of the time, are one of the most important causes of morbidity and health care spending affecting persons of all ages. These infections lead to many difficult problems, especially increasing resistance to antibiotic drugs. Bacterial biofilms play an important role in UTIs, responsible for persistent infections leading to recurrences and relapses. In this study, we have investigated the antibacterial activity of five medicinal plant essential oils against UTIs caused by E. coli using disc diffusion and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) methods. In addition, biofilm inhibitory action of oils was realized by crystal violet. Gas chromatography⁻mass spectrometry (GC⁻MS) analysis showed a variability between oils in terms of compound numbers as well as their percentages. Antibacterial activity was observed only in cases of Origanum majorana, Thymus zygis and Rosmarinus officinalis, while Juniperus communis and Zingiber officinale did not showed any effect towards E. coli isolates. T. zygis essential oil demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli isolates, followed by O. majorana and R. officinalis. Further, oils showed high biofilm inhibitory action with a percentage of inhibition that ranged from 14.94% to 94.75%. R. officinalis oil had the highest antibiofilm activity followed by T. zygis and O. majorana. Accordingly, tested oils showed very effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against E. coli UTIs and can be considered as good alternative for antibiotics substitution.