Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Recent open-label trials show that psychedelics, such as ayahuasca, hold promise as fast-onset antidepressants in treatment-resistant depression. METHODS: To test the antidepressant effects of ayahuasca, we conducted a parallel-arm, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 29 patients with treatment-resistant depression. Patients received a single dose of either ayahuasca or placebo. We assessed changes in depression severity with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating scale at baseline, and at 1 (D1), 2 (D2), and 7 (D7) days after dosing. RESULTS: We observed significant antidepressant effects of ayahuasca when compared with placebo at all-time points. MADRS scores were significantly lower in the ayahuasca group compared with placebo at D1 and D2 (p = 0.04), and at D7 (p < 0.0001). Between-group effect sizes increased from D1 to D7 (D1: Cohen's d = 0.84; D2: Cohen's d = 0.84; D7: Cohen's d = 1.49). Response rates were high for both groups at D1 and D2, and significantly higher in the ayahuasca group at D7 (64% v. 27%; p = 0.04). Remission rate showed a trend toward significance at D7 (36% v. 7%, p = 0.054). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first controlled trial to test a psychedelic substance in treatment-resistant depression. Overall, this study brings new evidence supporting the safety and therapeutic value of ayahuasca, dosed within an appropriate setting, to help treat depression. This study is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02914769).

Bruxism. Masticatory implications and anxiety.

In this study we investigate the phenomenon of bruxism, defined as the act of clenching and/or grinding the teeth, a habit that compromises the orofacial region. It is often associated with emotional aspects, such as anxiety and stress, and may result in alterations to orofacial structures, functional modifications and social repercussions. The aim of this study was to determine a possible association between bruxism and anxiety underscoring the primary complaints related to masticatory function. Eighty volunteers participated in the study. They were divided into bruxers (N = 40) and non-bruxers (N = 40) of both sexes. The diagnosis of bruxism was made by clinical examination. The Trait-State Anxiety Inventory was used to assess anxiety levels and a questionnaire with structured questions related to daily activities, focusing on masticatory function (for the bruxism group), was applied to evaluate psychosocial aspects. The results of the study show a significant difference in state anxiety. Mean and standard deviation of state anxiety in the bruxism and non-bruxism groups was 42.7 +/- 9.6 and 38.6 +/- 8.2 (p < or = 0.04), respectively, while trait anxiety had a mean and standard deviation of 44.5 +/- 11.0 and 40.7 +/- 9.5 (p < or = 0.11). The main complaints of bruxers during mastication were facial pain and headache while chewing as well as the presence of clicking sounds in the jaw joint. Findings demonstrate an association between emotional factors such as anxiety and bruxism, resulting in compromised masticatory function.

Quality of life related to complete denture.

Full edentulism is characterized by the complete loss of permanent teeth, resulting in aesthetic, structural and functional changes which can negatively impact quality of life, and which are minimized through rehabilitation with complete dentures. The aim of this study was to compare oral healthrelated quality of life in patients with complete original dentures three months after installation of new dentures and two years after fabrication of new complete removable dentures. In this longitudinal comparative study, 15 volunteers of both genders, aged 50 to 82 years, who sought treatment at the Department of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, participated in the preparation of new dentures. The Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for edentulous patients (OHIPEDENT) was used to evaluate quality of life. Data analysis was performed descriptively and with hypothesis testing using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests with 5% significance level. In relation to the OHIPEDENT domains, there was a difference for chewing discomfort and inability to chew between baseline and two years. However, there was no difference between the evaluated periods in the areas of pain and orofacial muscle discomfort, psychological inability and social disability. Improvement indicators in patient quality of life were observed in the area of discomfort and inability to chew between baseline and 2 years.

O edentulismo completo caracterizase pela perda total dos dentes permanentes, resultando em alterações estéticas, estruturais e funcionais, podendo impactar negativamente na qualidade de vida, sendo minimizado através da reabilitação com a prótese dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde oral em pacientes com a prótese original completamaxilar e mandibular, três meses após instalação da nova prótese e dois anos depois da confecção da nova prótese total bimaxilar removível. Nesse estudo compara tivo longitudinal, participaram 15 voluntários, com faixa etária entre 50 e 82 anos, de ambos os sexos, que buscaram tratamento no Departamento de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, para a confecção de novas próteses. Utilizouse a versão brasileira do Oral Health Impact Profile para pacientes edêntulos (OHIPEDENT) para avaliar a qualidade de vida. A análise dos dados foi realizada de forma descritiva e analítica com os testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 5%.Em relação aos domínios do OHIPEDENT, verificouse diferença para desconforto e incapacidade mastigatória entre a avaliação inicial e após dois anos. Nos domínios Dor e desconforto orofacial, Incapacidade Psicológica e Incapa cidade Social, não ocorreram diferenças entre os períodos avaliados. Foram observados indicadores de melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, no domínio desconforto e incapacidade mastigatória entre a avaliação e a 2 anos.

Quality of life related to complete denture

Full edentulism is characterized by the complete loss of permanent teeth, resulting in aesthetic, structural and functional changes which can negatively impact quality of life, and which are minimized through rehabilitation with complete dentures. The aim of this study was to compare oral healthrelated quality of life in patients with complete original dentures three months after installation of new dentures and two years after fabrication of new complete removable dentures. In this longitudinal comparative study, 15 volunteers of both genders, aged 50 to 82 years, who sought treatment at the Department of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, participated in the preparation of new dentures. The Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for edentulous patients (OHIPEDENT) was used to evaluate quality of life. Data analysis was performed descriptively and with hypothesis testing using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests with 5% significance level. In relation to the OHIPEDENT domains, there was a difference for chewing discomfort and inability to chew between baseline and two years. However, there was no difference between the evaluated periods in the areas of pain and orofacial muscle discomfort, psychological inability and social disability. Improvement indicators in patient quality of life were observed in the area of discomfort and inability to chew between baseline and 2 years (AU)

O edentulismo completo caracterizase pela perda total dos dentes permanentes, resultando em alterações estéticas, estruturais e funcionais, podendo impactar negativamente na qualidade de vida, sendo minimizado através da reabilitação com a prótese dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde oral em pacientes com a prótese original completamaxilar e mandibular, três meses após instalação da nova prótese e dois anos depois da confecção da nova prótese total bimaxilar removível. Nesse estudo compara tivo longitudinal, participaram 15 voluntários, com faixa etária entre 50 e 82 anos, de ambos os sexos, que buscaram tratamento no Departamento de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, para a confecção de novas próteses. Utilizouse a versão brasileira do Oral Health Impact Profile para pacientes edêntulos (OHIPEDENT) para avaliar a qualidade de vida. A análise dos dados foi realizada de forma descritiva e analítica com os testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 5%.Em relação aos domínios do OHIPEDENT, verificouse diferença para desconforto e incapacidade mastigatória entre a avaliação inicial e após dois anos. Nos domínios Dor e desconforto orofacial, Incapacidade Psicológica e Incapa cidade Social, não ocorreram diferenças entre os períodos avaliados. Foram observados indicadores de melhora na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, no domínio desconforto e incapacidade mastigatória entre a avaliação e a 2 anos (AU)

Geração de estilos cognitivos de aprendizagem de negociadores empresariais para adaptação de ensino tutorizado na Web / Generation and conceptualization of cognitive styles of learning of enterprise negotiators for adaptation of tutorial teaching in the web

A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida no cerne do projeto multidisciplinar e multinstitucional “Tapejara” – Sistemas Inteligentes de Ensino na Internet-. O artigo apresenta os Estilos Cognitivos de Aprendizagem gerados a partir dos resultados da aplicação do Teste Ross e da Bateria de Provas de Raciocínio BPR-5 numa amostra de funcionários da população-alvo do Curso de Negociação Empresarial a ser ministrado pela empresa parceira de telecomunicações. Os resultados da testagem cognitiva foram submetidos a análises fatoriais e, a seguir, a uma análise de cluster que, com seus respectivos dendogramas, possibilitaram o agrupamento da população em cinco grandes grupos a saber: Analógico–analítico, Concreto-genérico, Dedutivo-avaliativo, Relacional-sintético e Sintético-avaliativo. Os Estilos Cognitivos de Aprendizagem permitirão a Modelagem Cognitiva do Agente-Aprendiz que possibilitará um ensino tutorial adaptado às necessidades próprias de cada estilo cognitivo, e que assista eficazmente o aprendizado de forma assíncrona e individualizada