Is there a role for prophylactic antibiotics after stented hypospadias repair?

PURPOSE: Data are lacking on prophylactic oral antibiotic use in stented hypospadias repair cases. We evaluated the role of prophylactic oral antibiotics for preventing symptomatic urinary tract infections in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed consecutive patients treated with stented primary/redo hypospadias repair by a single surgeon from September 2009 to January 2012. All patients received antibiotics upon induction. Before April 1, 2011, patients also received prophylactic oral antibiotics while stented. They were compared to those who underwent surgery after April 1, who received no prophylactic oral antibiotics. The primary outcome was symptomatic urinary tract infections, as captured from patient records and verified by an electronic cross-check of ICD-10 codes. Secondary outcomes included cellulitis, fistula, dehiscence and meatal stenosis. RESULTS: Of the 161 patients reviewed 11 were unstented and 1 underwent followup elsewhere. Of the remaining 149 patients 78 received prophylactic oral antibiotics and 71 did not. The groups were well matched for age, hypospadias characteristics, surgical technique and stent duration. Median followup was 17 months (range 0.2 to 33). No culture proven, symptomatic urinary tract infections developed in either group. One patient in the prophylactic group was treated for cellulitis by the pediatrician. The complication rate, including redo cases, was 18.2% in the prophylactic group and 15.3% in the nonprophylactic group (p = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: When postoperative prophylactic oral antibiotics were not administered, we identified no increased incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infections or complications. Our data suggest that prophylactic oral antibiotics may not be needed in cases of stented hypospadias repair. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the rational use of antimicrobials. It can potentially serve as a basis for a prospective, multicenter, randomized study.

Inverted urothelial papilloma: A rare pathology in young girl. A case report and literature review.

Bladder cancer is relatively common in the general population but is considered a rare entity in children. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequently encountered bladder tumor in children. Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder is a rare presentation in adults and is considered extremely rare in the pediatric age group. We report a case of inverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) in the bladder in an 8-year-old girl who presented with painless gross hematuria. Radiological investigations, cystoscopy, and histological examination revealed the rare pathology of IUP of the bladder and a resection was performed. No recurrence was encountered after 3 years of follow-up.

Pediatric urology surgical practice in the time of COVID-19: Results from tertiary Saudi Arabia hospitals.

PURPOSE: Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on pediatric urology practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: Data of 10 tertiary hospitals in KSA were retrospectively analyzed. Data of outpatient department (OPD) visits and pediatric urology surgical procedures from January 1, 2019, to April 30, 2019, and from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, were extracted. The primary outcome was to compare OPD visits and pediatric urology workload in the first third of 2020 versus 2019, where there was no curfew. The secondary outcome was to compare the same variables during the full curfew time, i.e., April 2020 versus April 2019. RESULTS: The number of OPD visits was lower in the first third of 2020 (7390 vs. 10,379 in 2019 P < 0.001). OPD visits in April 2020 were 78.6% lower than in April 2019, and teleclinics represented 850 (94.3%). Elective procedures in the first third of 2020 were 688, with a reduction rate of 34.3% compared to the same period of 2019 (P < 0.001). In April 2020, there were 18 elective surgeries, with a 91.4% decrease than in April 2019. Ureteric reimplantation, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and circumcision stopped, while pyeloplasty (n = 14) and urolithiasis (n = 4) procedures had declined by 50% and 76.5%, respectively. Most of the procedures (71.8%) were day surgery. Emergency procedures were similar in the first third of 2020 (65 vs. 64 in 2019, P = 0.994) and declined in April 2020 by 6.7% versus April 2019. During the full curfew, the most common emergency intervention were cases with obstructive uropathy (42.8%), followed by torsion testis (28.6%), posterior urethral valve (14.3%), and urological trauma (14.3%). CONCLUSIONS: In KSA, the number of elective pediatric surgical procedures were reduced by >90%, while the number of emergency pediatric surgical procdures were similar during COVID-19 pandemic compared with non-COVID-19 time. Ureteric reimplantation, hypospadias repair, cryptorchidism, and circumcision procedures were postponed. Pyeloplasty and urolithiasis-related procedures were performed to prevent irreversible disease progression or organ damage. There was an increase in rate of teleclinic and day surgery to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection.

Fibroepithelial vaginal polyp in a newborn.

A fibroepithelial polyp of the vagina (FEPV) is a mucosal polypoid lesion with a connective tissue core covered by a benign squamous epithelium. A vaginal polyp must be considered in the evaluation of interlabial masses in prepubertal girls. This article describes a newborn girl with an interlabial mass that the histological analysis revealed to be an FEPV. Surgical excision of the mass was performed, and the patient has not experienced recurrence after 1-year of follow-up. A review of the literature revealed that our case was the third reported case of a fibroepithelial polyp in a neonate.

Did antenatal diagnosis protect against chronic kidney disease in patients with posterior urethral valves? A multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic role of antenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valves (PUVs) on ultimate renal function. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2010, 315 patients with PUVs were diagnosed and treated at 2 separate tertiary centers. Primary valve ablation was performed in all patients except 18, who underwent initial vesicostomy. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 144 patients who were diagnosed antenatally, and group 2 included 171 patients with a postnatal diagnosis. Long-term functional and radiologic outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Follow-up was a median 5.5 years (range, 2-15 years). Mean age at ablation was 2.5 years (range, 1 day-15 years). Chronic kidney disease developed at the end of follow-up in 96 patients (30%): 27 (19%) in group 1 and 69 (40%) in group 2 (P <.05). The mean nadir serum creatinine was 0.6 and 0.8 mg/dL in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and the mean final serum creatinine was 0.9 and 1.7 mg/dL, respectively (P <.05). Persistent upper tract dilatation was noted in 43% of group 1 patients and in 69% of group 2 patients (P <.05). CONCLUSION: The potential for recovering renal function is believed to be significant in patients in whom early detection of PUVs and, hence, early intervention was performed. Antenatal screening and detection of these patients might play a significant role in protecting the upper tract and reducing the incidence of chronic kidney disease.

Failed pyeloplasty in children: revisiting the unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a critical analysis of the management of the pediatric failed pyeloplasty in a large tertiary center. The ideal approach to this rare entity is not well established. METHODS: Retrospective record review of children undergoing pyeloplasty from 2000 to 2010. All cases that required any type of reintervention, excluding stent removal, were analyzed. Data collected included: demographics, indication for and modality of the initial surgery, presence of crossing vessels, mode of diagnosis of failure, and type(s) of reintervention with the correspondent success rate(s). RESULTS: Overall, pyeloplasty failure rate was 27 per 455 patients (5.9%). Age, initial indication for pyeloplasty, and modality of surgery (open vs laparoscopic) yielded similar failure rates. Indications for reintervention were as follows: worsening asymptomatic hydronephrosis 16 of 27 (59%), pain 7 of 27 (26%), urosepsis 2 of 27 (7.5%), and others 2 of 27 (7.5%). Eight of 27 (30%) improved with 1, 14 of 27 (52%) had 2, and 5 of 27 (18%) required 3 reinterventions, respectively. Mean interval between the first operation and subsequent interventions was 19.3, 24.9, and 27 months for the first, second, and third reinterventions, respectively. Modalities of reintervention with respective success rates were as follows: double J stent insertion 16% (6%), endopyelotomy 18% (50%), redo pyeloplasty 12% (92%), and ureterocalicostomy 4% (100%). Only 1 patient (7%) was documented to have a missed crossing vessel. All patients were stable and doing well after a mean follow-up of 56 months after the first operation. CONCLUSION: According to this series, more invasive and definitive techniques, such as redo pyeloplasty and ureterocalicostomy, are more successful than minimally invasive ones to treat failed pyeloplasty and should probably be offered sooner rather than later.