Combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein following blunt ocular trauma: a case report.

A healthy young woman suffered complete loss of the vision of one eye following a blunt ocular injury. She sustained a combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein of the affected eye. Initially few retinal haemorrhages were present, but they increased considerably in number and size during the day following injury.

Quadriceps myofibrosis. A complication of intramuscular injections.

Cases of fibrofatty replacement of the quadriceps muscles following repeated intramuscular injections into the thighs of infants and young children are being reported with increasing frequency. In such cases, the knee shows progressive painless limitation of flexion, habitual dislocation of the patella, or both. The recommended treatment is surgical release, done early before secondary adaptive changes occur in the soft tissues, cartilage, and bones comprising the joint. Full flexion should be obtained at the time of surgery. In children, the lag in extension that follows extensive release will usually disappear spontaneously.

Surgical management of persistent congenital eversion of the upper eyelids.

Most cases of congenital eversion of the upper eyelids resolve spontaneously within two weeks of birth. We present a case of persistent upper-eyelid eversion that did not even after two months of conservative management. A previously undescribed mechanism, consisting of a vertical elongation of the eyelid in its posterior aspect creating a relative skin deficiency, was probably responsible for this eversion. Skin grafts provided rapid resolution with a good cosmetic result.

Total hip arthroplasty after renal transplantation. Long-term follow-up study and assessment of metabolic bone status.

Twenty-two patients had 36 total hip arthroplasties for painful osteonecrosis of the femoral head. At a mean of 86 months after operation, a complete follow-up evaluation, including physical examination, was obtained in 24 hips in 15 patients. An additional 12 hips in seven patients were followed by telephone interview and radiographic evaluation. Although most patients experienced improved hip function and symptomatic relief from pain as a result of the operation, 10 hips developed heterotopic bone, 5 hips dislocated after operation, 6 hips failed due to aseptic loosening, and 1 hip developed a deep infection, and one patient died due to pulmonary embolism. Neither sex, preoperative steroid dose, nor postoperative mean alternate-day steroid dose could be related to aseptic loosening. However, histologic examination of transilial bone biopsy specimens (7 patients, 13 hips) revealed steroid-induced osteoporosis, by the presence of hyperosteoidosis (increased unmineralized osteoid) and increased bone resorption. Bilateral hip involvement, osteoporosis, and high turnover skeletal remodelling at the cement-bone interface potentially contributed to a failure rate that was higher in this group than that reported for primary hip arthroplasty for other diagnoses. The existence of steroid-induced metabolic bone disease and preexisting renal osteodystrophy may pose a significant threat to the long-term survival of a total hip implant.