Propensity-score Matched and Coarsened-exact Matched Analysis Comparing Robotic and Laparoscopic Major Hepatectomies: An International Multicenter Study of 4822 Cases.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes between robotic major hepatectomy (R-MH) and laparoscopic major hepatectomy (L-MH). BACKGROUND: Robotic techniques may overcome the limitations of laparoscopic liver resection. However, it is unknown whether R-MH is superior to L-MH. METHODS: This is a post hoc analysis of a multicenter database of patients undergoing R-MH or L-MH at 59 international centers from 2008 to 2021. Data on patient demographics, center experience volume, perioperative outcomes, and tumor characteristics were collected and analyzed. Both 1:1 propensity-score matched (PSM) and coarsened-exact matched (CEM) analyses were performed to minimize selection bias between both groups. RESULTS: A total of 4822 cases met the study criteria, of which 892 underwent R-MH and 3930 underwent L-MH. Both 1:1 PSM (841 R-MH vs. 841 L-MH) and CEM (237 R-MH vs. 356 L-MH) were performed. R-MH was associated with significantly less blood loss {PSM:200.0 [interquartile range (IQR):100.0, 450.0] vs 300.0 (IQR:150.0, 500.0) mL; P = 0.012; CEM:170.0 (IQR: 90.0, 400.0) vs 200.0 (IQR:100.0, 400.0) mL; P = 0.006}, lower rates of Pringle maneuver application (PSM: 47.1% vs 63.0%; P < 0.001; CEM: 54.0% vs 65.0%; P = 0.007) and open conversion (PSM: 5.1% vs 11.9%; P < 0.001; CEM: 5.5% vs 10.4%, P = 0.04) compared with L-MH. On subset analysis of 1273 patients with cirrhosis, R-MH was associated with a lower postoperative morbidity rate (PSM: 19.5% vs 29.9%; P = 0.02; CEM 10.4% vs 25.5%; P = 0.02) and shorter postoperative stay [PSM: 6.9 (IQR: 5.0, 9.0) days vs 8.0 (IQR: 6.0 11.3) days; P < 0.001; CEM 7.0 (IQR: 5.0, 9.0) days vs 7.0 (IQR: 6.0, 10.0) days; P = 0.047]. CONCLUSIONS: This international multicenter study demonstrated that R-MH was comparable to L-MH in safety and was associated with reduced blood loss, lower rates of Pringle maneuver application, and conversion to open surgery.

Robotic versus laparoscopic liver resections for hepatolithiasis: an international multicenter propensity score matched analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive liver resection (MILR) is widely recognized as a safe and beneficial procedure in the treatment of both malignant and benign liver diseases. Hepatolithiasis has traditionally been reported to be endemic only in East Asia, but has seen a worldwide uptrend in recent decades with increasingly frequent and invasive endoscopic instrumentation of the biliary tract for a myriad of conditions. To date, there has been a woeful lack of high-quality evidence comparing the laparoscopic (LLR) and robotic (RLR) approaches to treatment hepatolithiasis. METHODS: This is an international multicenter retrospective analysis of 273 patients who underwent RLR or LRR for hepatolithiasis at 33 centers in 2003-2020. The baseline clinicopathological characteristics and perioperative outcomes of these patients were assessed. To minimize selection bias, 1:1 (48 and 48 cases of RLR and LLR, respectively) and 1:2 (37 and 74 cases of RLR and LLR, respectively) propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. RESULTS: In the unmatched cohort, 63 (23.1%) patients underwent RLR, and 210 (76.9%) patients underwent LLR. Patient clinicopathological characteristics were comparable between the groups after PSM. After 1:1 and 1:2 PSM, RLR was associated with less blood loss (p = 0.003 in 1:2 PSM; p = 0.005 in 1:1 PSM), less patients with blood loss greater than 300 ml (p = 0.024 in 1:2 PSM; p = 0.027 in 1:1 PSM), and lower conversion rate to open surgery (p = 0.003 in 1:2 PSM; p < 0.001 in 1:1 PSM). There was no significant difference between RLR and LLR in use of the Pringle maneuver, median Pringle maneuver duration, 30-day readmission rate, postoperative morbidity, major morbidity, reoperation, and mortality. CONCLUSION: Both RLR and LLR were safe and feasible for hepatolithiasis. RLR was associated with significantly less blood loss and lower open conversion rate.

Association between placenta accreta spectrum and third-trimester serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, and soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1: A meta-analysis.

AIM: Antenatal suspicion of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) currently relies on ultrasonographic findings, color doppler, and MRI, which have rendered it operator and expertise-dependent. No serum markers for PAS have been integrated into clinical practice yet. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify potential serum markers for PAS by investigating third-trimester serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG), placental growth factor (PIGF), and soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) among PAS-cases and controls. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were systematically searched for relevant articles. Random-effects model was applied to calculate the overall standardized mean difference (SMD) for each marker. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to assess for potential covariates. RESULTS: Eight studies involving 366 PAS-cases and 518 controls were included. Third trimester sFlt-1 levels were significantly lower in PAS-cases when compared to controls (SMD = -7.76, 95%CI = -10.42 to -5.10). This was, to a certain extent, consistent among studies though they differed in their extent of significance. Levels of VEGF (SMD = 1.59, 95%CI = -0.07 to 3.25) and PlGF (SMD = -0.49, 95%CI = -1.66 to 0.67) were not significantly different between PAS cases and controls, in which studies demonstrated conflicting results. CONCLUSIONS: Third trimester sFlt-1 levels may be useful to predict PAS. Nonetheless, further studies are recommended to better understand conflicting results before adopting either VEGF or PlGF.

Blood pressure difference between pre and post-menopausal women and age-matched men: A cross-sectional study at a tertiary center.

Hypertension is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Gender differences and menopausal status contribute to blood pressure changes across the lifespan which have not been completely characterized. Our study aims to explore the impact of multiple factors on blood pressure levels in previously healthy women and men. Factors of interest included gender, menopausal status, age, and body mass index. Healthy women and men were recruited through healthcare facility announcements. Detailed menopausal history was obtained from females. The authors measured each participant's systolic and diastolic blood pressure at our outpatient clinics twice on the same day, and two different days, one week apart, and the authors included the mean of the averaged two readings for each participant. The study sample consisted of 313 participants. Female gender was a significant predictor of lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < .001), while age significantly correlated with higher systolic blood pressure readings (p = .004). Although systolic blood pressure levels were significantly higher in postmenopausal females (124 mmHg) compared to premenopausal females (116 mmHg), our multiple linear regression analysis revealed that postmenopausal status did not significantly predict changes in either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Our study demonstrates significant associations between blood pressure levels and various factors such as gender and age. This could emphasize the intricate interplay of demographic and clinical factors in blood pressure variations among individuals, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to diagnosing hypertension, which considers various individual factors, including gender and age.

Non-traumatic Simultaneous Bilateral Femur Neck Fracture in a Young Female Unraveling End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Spontaneous femur neck fracture is rare, especially when they occur bilaterally. Renal osteodystrophy is among the causes of these fractures that should be kept in mind. We report a case of a young female who presented with bilateral hip pain and was found to have bilateral femur neck fracture due to renal osteodystrophy. This was the first presentation of an undiagnosed end-stage kidney disease. This case report aims to highlight the importance of investigating the cause of these rare fractures in young patients and discuss available surgical options. Case Report: A 19-year-old female presented complaining of bilateral hip pain. On physical examination, there was tenderness on palpation of both thighs. Her workup was significant for anemia, a high level of creatinine, hypocalcemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone. A pelvis radiograph showed bilateral femur neck fracture. Considering her very young age, the metabolic derangements she had and to avoid exposing her to a major surgery, we treated her fractures by fixation using three cannulated screws on each side. We aimed to report this case as it is an unusual presentation of a previously undetected stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a very young patient. Conclusion: Renal osteodystrophy due to CKD can present with spontaneous bilateral femur neck fracture. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion for this condition not to miss a chronic disease with multiple sequelae. Furthermore, these fractures carry a high risk of complications and mortality, so they should be addressed promptly.

The recurrence rate after primary resection cystic echinococcosis: A meta-analysis and systematic literature review.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic, complex, zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus Granulose tapeworms. The disease may present with a variety of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment modality for CE. Despite advances in surgical techniques and chemotherapy, disease recurrence remains a major concern. Therefore, we aimed to determine the true rate of CE recurrence after primary resection and identify possible factors that increase the risk of recurrence. A systematic search of Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochran Library was conducted to identify studies reporting the incidence of CE recurrence after primary radical surgery. Data were pooled using random effect models. The disease prevalence was determined by calculating the ratio of CE recurrence and the total number of patients. A meta-regression was conducted to identify any potential factors linked to recurrence. A total of 38 eligible studies, with a total of 6,222 CE patients who underwent primary surgical removal, revealed a pooled recurrence rate of 8% (95% CI: 6%-10%). However, significant heterogeneity was observed (I2 p-value <0.001). Subgroup analysis by region showed the highest incidence of recurrence in European and Turkish studies, with rates of 11% (95% CI: 7%-17%) and 9% (95% CI: 5%-14%), respectively. The lowest recurrence rate was observed in Asian studies, with a rate of 4% (95% CI: 2%-7%). Moreover, the non-radical intervention has a recurrence of 5% (95%CI: 4%-7%), radical 7% (95%CI: 6%-9%), and studies that contained both interventions have 10% (95%CI: 6%-16%), P-value= 0.04. This is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the overall incidence of CE recurrence after primary surgical removal. The study also revealed a substantial degree of heterogeneity across the included studies and indicated possible risk factors for higher recurrence rates, such as the study's geographic area, type of surgery and the year it was published. These findings will help to guide future research in developing effective strategies to prevent or reduce CE recurrence and improve patient outcomes.

Impact of liver cirrhosis, the severity of cirrhosis, and portal hypertension on the outcomes of minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies for primary liver malignancies.

BACKGROUND: The impact of cirrhosis and portal hypertension on perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies remains unclear. We aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes between patients with preserved and compromised liver function (noncirrhotics versus Child-Pugh A) when undergoing minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies. In addition, we aimed to determine if the extent of cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A versus B) and the presence of portal hypertension had a significant impact on perioperative outcomes. METHODS: This was an international multicenter retrospective analysis of 1,526 patients who underwent minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies for primary liver malignancies at 60 centers worldwide between 2004 and 2021. In the study, 1,370 patients met the inclusion criteria and formed the final study group. Baseline clinicopathological characteristics and perioperative outcomes of these patients were compared. To minimize confounding factors, 1:1 propensity score matching and coarsened exact matching were performed. RESULTS: The study group comprised 559, 753, and 58 patients who did not have cirrhosis, Child-Pugh A, and Child-Pugh B cirrhosis, respectively. Six-hundred and thirty patients with cirrhosis had portal hypertension, and 170 did not. After propensity score matching and coarsened exact matching, Child-Pugh A patients with cirrhosis undergoing minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies had longer operative time, higher intraoperative blood loss, higher transfusion rate, and longer hospital stay than patients without cirrhosis. The extent of cirrhosis did not significantly impact perioperative outcomes except for a longer duration of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Liver cirrhosis adversely affected the intraoperative technical difficulty and perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive left lateral sectionectomies.

A Case of Spontaneous Multiple Abdominal Wall Hematomas in a COVID-19 Patient.

Despite being relatively uncommon, abdominal wall hematomas can occur due to blunt trauma, post-percutaneous procedures, anticoagulation, and even spontaneous bleeding. It can present with varying symptoms from acute abdominal pain to life-threatening bleeding causing hypovolemia and shock. With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, affected patients developed coagulopathy putting patients at risk of venous thromboembolism or excessive bleeding. Herein, we report a case of spontaneous multiple abdominal wall hematomas in a patient after a COVID-19 infection, which was managed conservatively.

Liver Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm With Obstructive Jaundice.

Biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms (BMCNs) are rare and slow-growing lesions that are usually discovered incidentally. They can imitate various other liver tumors. Here, we present a 31-year-old female patient who presented with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, shortness of breath, and obstructive jaundice. Ultrasound showed a large, lobulated, cystic liver mass. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed features suggestive of a hydatid cyst or complicated liver cyst. A laparoscopic deroofing was performed and showed a liver cyst involving segments 2, 3, 4A, and 4B. Histopathology showed that the cyst wall was lined by columnar mucin-producing epithelium with multifocal areas of ovarian-like stroma, and the diagnosis of biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms was made. A one-year, follow-up radiological examination did not show any recurrence. BMCNs are quite rare. The nonspecific nature of the symptoms and radiological characteristics makes the diagnosis of BMCN challenging. Imaging modalities can aid in the diagnosis, but pathological examination is essential in confirming a definite diagnosis.

Biliary Strictures Are Associated With Both Early and Late Hepatic Artery Stenosis.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) following liver transplantation results in hypoperfusion and ischemic damage to the biliary tree. This study aimed to investigate how vascular intervention, liver function test derangement, and time point of HAS onset influence biliary complications. METHODS: A single-center retrospective study of adult patients that underwent primary liver transplantation. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of HAS and then into early (≤90 d) or late (>90 d) subgroups. Biliary complications comprised anastomotic (AS) or non ASs (NASs). RESULTS: Computed tomography angiography confirmed HAS was present in 39 of 1232 patients (3.2%). This occurred at ≤90 and >90 days in 20 (1.6%) and 19 (1.5%), respectively. The incidence of biliary strictures (BSs) in the group with HAS was higher than the group without (13/39; 33% versus 85/1193; 7.1%, P = 0.01). BS occurred in 8/20 (40.0%) and 5/19 (26.3%) of the early and late groups, respectively. The need for biliary intervention increased if any liver function test result was ≥3× upper limit of normal (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: BS occurs at a significantly higher rate in the presence of HAS. Onset of HAS at ≤90 or ≥90 days can both be associated with morbidity. Significant liver function test derangement at HAS diagnosis indicates a higher likelihood of biliary intervention for strictures.

Pure laparoscopic versus open hemihepatectomy: a critical assessment and realistic expectations - a propensity score-based analysis of right and left hemihepatectomies from nine European tertiary referral centers.

INTRODUCTION: A stronger evidence level is needed to confirm the benefits and limits of laparoscopic hemihepatectomies. METHODS: Laparoscopic and open hemihepatectomies from nine European referral centers were compared after propensity score matching (right and left hemihepatectomies separately, and benign and malignant diseases sub-analyses). RESULTS: Five hundred and forty-five laparoscopic hemihepatectomies were compared with 545 open. Laparoscopy was associated with reduced blood loss (P < 0.001), postoperative stay (P < 0.001) and minor morbidity (P = 0.002), supported by a lower Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) (P = 0.035). Laparoscopic right hemihepatectomies were associated with lower ascites (P = 0.016), bile leak (P = 0.001) and wound infections (P = 0.009). Laparoscopic left hemihepatectomies exhibited a lower incidence of bile leak and cardiovascular complications (P = 0.024; P = 0.041), lower minor and major morbidity (P = 0.003; P = 0.044) and reduced CCI (P = 0.002). Laparoscopic major hepatectomies (LMH) for benign disease were associated with lower blood loss (P = 0.001) and bile leaks (P = 0.037) and shorter total stay (P < 0.001). LMH for malignancy were associated with lower blood loss (P < 0.001) and minor morbidity (P = 0.027) supported by a lower CCI (P = 0.021) and shorter stay (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This multicenter study confirms some associated advantages of laparoscopic left and right hemihepatectomies in malignant and benign conditions highlighting the need for realistic expectations of the minimally invasive approach based on the resected hemiliver and the patients treated.

Foreign body aspiration in children: A study of children who lived or died following aspiration.

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a preventable cause of mortality and morbidity in children. We conducted a chart review of children who presented to a university hospital due to FBA in the period 1999-2014. Children were either managed with bronchoscopy for removal of the foreign body or died due to FBA. A total of 103 children were seen due to FBA including 27 deaths. The majority of children were boys and were less than 3 years old. Most aspirated foreign bodies were food-related, mainly peanuts. The majority of children presented with acute choking incidents, a smaller number presented with recurrent chest infections, and few children's choking incidents were unwitnessed. X-ray had a high rate of false negatives and bronchoscopy was the gold standard technique for assessment and management. Aspiration of foreign bodies is a preventable, life-threatening condition that calls for increased parent education and awareness.

A rare case of extracranial meningioma in parapharyngeal space presented as a neck mass.

BACKGROUND: Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor, but rarely, they can develop extracranially, usually in the neck. There are very few cases of parapharyngeal meningioma reported in literature and little is known about their biological behavior and operative management. We present a patient with a primary parapharyngeal meningioma that presented as an anterior neck mass. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient is a 55-year-old female who presented with neck mass. A CT scan and MRI revealed a large, well defined, mildly enhancing soft tissue mass located in the right carotid sheath extended from the level of the thyroid gland into the skull base jugular foramen superiorly. Cervical exploration with partial excision of the mass was performed. Histological examination revealed meningiothelial cells with intranuclear inclusions, arranged in a syncytial pattern. Mutiple psamoma bodies these findings are consistent with the diagnosis of meningioma. CONCLUSION: Extracranial meningiomas are quite rare. The diagnosis of these types of tumors is challenging due to the non specific nature of the symptoms. The anatomic complexity of the region of parapharyngeal space also makes their detection difficult. Imaging modalities can aid in the diagnosis, but pathological examinations are essential in confirming a definite diagnosis.

Isolated multiple bilateral thyroid metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma: case report and literature review.

Solitary metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma to thyroid gland is very rare and usually associated with other distal metastasis. This report describes for the first time isolated multiple bilateral thyroid metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma. A 67-year-old man who is known as a case of prostatic adenocarcinoma was admitted to a hospital as a case of a multinodular goiter on the basis of clinical and CT scan findings. Total thyroidectomy was performed and histopathology result showed adenomatous goiter containing bilateral metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. This is the first report of isolated multiple bilateral thyroid gland metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma without other distal metastasis. Such lesions are very rare and can be misdiagnosed, so high index of suspicion for thyroid metastasis should be always maintained in all oncology patients with isolated thyroid mass because early resection and thyroidectomy will change the prognosis for patient.