Orange passion fruit (Passiflora caerulea L.) as a new raw material for acetic fermentation: evaluation of organic acids and phenolic profile, in vitro digestion, and biological activities.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated for the first time the potential of orange passion fruit as a base for alcoholic and acetic fermentations, with a view to assessing its profile of organic acids and polyphenols, in vitro digestion, and biological activities. RESULTS: In terms of aliphatic organic acids, malic acid was the majority in the wine (3.19 g L-1), while in the vinegar, it was acetic acid (46.84 g L-1). 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHB) was the major phenolic compound in the wine and vinegar samples (3443.93 and 2980.00 µg L-1, respectively). After the in vitro gastrointestinal simulation stage, the wine showed high bioaccessibility for the compounds sinipaldehyde (82.97%) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4-DHBA, 81.27%), while the vinegar exhibited high bioaccessibility for sinipaldehyde (89.39%). Through multivariate analysis, it was observed that 3,4-DHB was highly concentrated in the different digested fractions obtained from the wine. In contrast, in the vinegar, the stability of isorahmenetin and Quercetin 3-o-rhamnoside was observed during the in vitro digestion simulation. Lastly, the vinegar stood out for its inhibition rates of α-amylase (23.93%), α-glucoside (18.34%), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (10.92%). In addition, the vinegar had an inhibitory effect on the pathogenic microorganisms Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. CONCLUSION: Orange passion fruit has proved to be a promising raw material for the development of fermented beverages. Therefore, this study provides an unprecedented perspective on the use and valorization of orange passion fruit, contributing significantly to the advancement of knowledge about fermented products and the associated nutritional and functional possibilities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

How Do Different Ingredients and Additives Affect the Production Steps and the Bioactive Potential of Mead?

Mead is a fermented alcoholic beverage that is made from honey diluted in water and commonly with the addition of other ingredients. The chemical characteristics of mead are closely related to the ingredients and additives that are used in its preparation, especially the type of honey, yeast strain and prefermentation nutrients, as well as herbs, spices and/or fruits. These additives can affect not only the fermentation process, in particular the yeast activity, the formation of metabolites and fermentation time, but also the bioactive potential of the mead, which mainly depends on phenolic compounds. Scientific studies have shown that the mead with added different plant species contains considerable amounts of different classes of polyphenols, which have important biological activities. Within this context, this review study seeks to investigate how different ingredients and additives can affect each of the stages of the preparation of mead, as well as its bioactive potential, in order to understand the effects on its chemical composition, and thus add greater commercial value to this beverage.

A green analytical method for the determination of polyphenols in wine by dispersive pipette extraction and LC-MS/MS.

A simple sample preparation approach employing the dispersive pipette extraction (DPX) technique is proposed to determine twelve polyphenols, including phenolic acids and flavonoids in wines, followed by identification and quantification by LC-MS/MS. The extraction parameters, including sample volume and pH, salting out effect, time and cycles of extraction and desorption, and desorption solvent were optimized using univariate and multivariate designs. The analytical performance was satisfactory, with determination coefficients greater than or equal to 0.9877, precisions with values lower than 20 %, and recoveries ranging from 87 to 114 %. The applicability of the method was evaluated in red wine. The major compounds determined in the sample were (-)-epicatechin (23.5 mg L-1), (+)-catechin (19.2 mg L-1), and myricetin (14.6 mg L-1). The green character of the analytical procedure and the sample preparation step were evaluated by three analytical metrics.

Phenolic compounds profile of optimised green and eco-friendly extracts of Eugenia pyriformis leaves: an alternative for antioxidant and antibacterial applications.

The Eugenia pyriformis Cambess (uvaia) is a well-known source of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the efficiency of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) and Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE) in obtaining uvaia leaf extracts with high antioxidant and antibacterial activity. In a first step, different variables of the leaves were employed to define the best conditions for obtaining the extract with the highest total phenolic content. In a second step, the optimised extracts were characterised. In total, twenty-four phenolic compounds were identified through LC-ESI-MS/MS. The EAE in optimised conditions showed a higher amount of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential. It was possible to note an analogous potential of antibacterial activity of the extracts, which showed action mainly against Gram-positive bacteria. These findings suggest that the aqueous extracts of uvaia leaves are feasible, economic, and sustainable alternatives for adding value to uvaia leaves, which are an agricultural residue that is generally underutilised.

Dairy powder enriched with a soy extract (Glycine max): Physicochemical and polyphenolic characteristics, physical and rehydration properties and multielement composition.

This work presents the enrichment of powdered dairy compounds with soy extract, and the determination of its physical properties, rehydration characteristics, multielement profile, and polyphenolic potential. Five dairy compound formulations were developed, where milk powder was replaced by 10, 20, 30, 40, and 49 % w/w of soy extract.. Multivariate analyzes using combined PCA analyzes were used to group the samples and, thus, reveal the main characteristics associated with their physicochemical properties, bioactive composition, and multi-element profile. The protein content in the samples was not significantly affected by the addition of soy extract. There was a gradual increase in the total fat as the concentration of soy extract increased. Furthermore, with the increase in the percentage of soy extract in the dairy compounds, there was an increase in the levels of total polyphenols, total flavonols, and antioxidant capacity, and of some minerals, such as Fe, Mn, P, Cu, and Mg. The DC49 sample showed the highest values for total polyphenols (178.65 mg of gallic acid (GAE)/100 g) and total flavonols (1.51 mg of catechin/100 g). The addition of soy extract promoted the enrichment of important minerals in the samples, with an increase of up to 55 times in the Fe content and up to 40 times in the Mn content. Physical properties (density and fluidity) and rehydration properties (wetting, dispersibility, and solubility) also were affected as the percentage of soy extract in the samples increased. When there was an addition of up to 20 % soy extract, the samples are still wettable. All dairy compounds showed solubility above 69 %. The use of soy extract in the polyphenolic and mineral enrichment of the dairy compounds is important to add nutritional value to powdered milk, we emphasize that this product has enormous potential to be used in diets that require mineral supplementation.

Effect of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves on dough properties, antioxidant activity, and bread quality using whole wheat flour.

This study investigated the effects of different yerba mate (YM) proportions (1.5, 2.5, and 4.5 g YM/100 g whole wheat flour (WWF) and particle sizes (245, 415.5, and 623.9 µm) on dough rheological properties, antioxidant activity, and bread characteristics. The addition of YM leaves led to a possible interaction between its phenolic compounds and the gluten network within the dough, without negative effects on dough formation. However, the larger YM particle size (623.9 µm) caused a weakening of the protein network, resulting in lower quality product compared to the other samples. Improved bread quality was found when the YM leaves were added at 2.5 g YM/100 g WWF. The total amount of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity increased as the proportion of YM increased in both flour and bread. Moreover, the phenolic compounds in 2.5 g YM/100 g WWF breads were stable during baking, showing no significant losses in the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. These results suggest the YM can be successfully incorporated into baked product, improving its functional characteristics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study evaluates the technological quality of bakery product made by incorporating yerba mate leaves in whole wheat flour. The results will contribute to the production of a bread with greater functional properties due to the presence of polyphenols and phytochemicals.

Concentration of biologically active compounds extracted from Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. by nanofiltration.

The aim of this study was to characterise the bioactive compounds in mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) extract and in concentrated mate extract obtained by nanofiltration (NF). Also, the impact of NF on the antioxidant activity of both mate extracts was evaluated in vitro and using eukaryotic cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast assay). The results showed a significant increase in the contents of total phenolics (338%), chlorogenic acid (483%), theobromine (323%), caffeine (251%), chlorophyll (321%), condensed tannins (278%) and saponins (211%) in the concentrated mate extract. The concentrated mate extract showed higher in vitro antioxidant activity than the mate extract. According to the results obtained, it can be stated that the use of nanofiltration membrane is a valid approach for the concentration of biologically active compounds in aqueous extract of mate.

Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons throughout the processing stages of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis).

The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is believed to be due to the degradation of mate compounds and the burning of wood during the "sapeco" (rapid drying process) and the final drying steps, which are the most important processing stages in mate production. Due to the high toxicity of these compounds, studies on their presence in mate are extremely important. The aim of this study was to evaluate PAH levels in mate throughout the processing stages of its production. The PAHs were measured in samples collected at different stages of mate processing. Total PAHs content ranged widely (443-9001 microg/kg) in the samples, with the highest PAHs levels recorded during the mate drying step. The results indicate that the processing method currently used in mate production may lead to an increase in PAHs levels in the final product.

Chemical composition of flours made of residues from the king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) industry

Residues from King palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae) processing were used for the production of flours, which were then chemically characterized. The protein content in these flours ranged from 3.62 to 9.75 g/100g and was higher in sifted leaf flour (SLF). The dietary fiber contents varied from 64 to 72 g/100g. These values were high when compared to those of flours used in human nutrition. Analysis of anti-nutritional factors showed phytate contents to be below the levels that affected the bioavailability of minerals in human diet. Tannin contents were compatible with those found in legumes, between 0 and 2000 mg/100g. These flours showed high mineral content, which suggested a possibility for them to be used as food supplement. However, the bioavailability of these minerals could be affected by high total dietary fibre concentrations and anti-nutritional components contained in the samples.

Resíduos do processamento de palmeira-real (Archontophoenix alexandrae) foram utilizados para produção de farinha e caracterizados quimicamente. O conteúdo de proteína encontrado nas farinhas variam de 3,62 a 9,75, sendo maior na farinha da folha peneirada. Os teores de fibra dietética total variaram de 64.00 a 72 g/100g, valores altos quando comparados com farinhas tradicionalmente utilizadas na alimentação humana. A análise de fatores antinutricionais indicou teores de fitato abaixo dos níveis que afetam a biodisponibilidade de minerais na dieta. Os teores de tanino foram significativos, compatíveis aos encontrados nas leguminosas entre 0 e 2000 mg/100g. As farinhas de palmeirareal apresentaram elevados teores de minerais, podendo ser indicadas como suplementos em alimentos, porém, deve-se considerar que a biodisponibilidade destes minerais pode ser afetada pela alta concentração de fibras dietéticas totais e de outros componentes antinutricionais contidos na amostra.

Comportamento consumidor, hábitos alimentares e consumo de televisão por escolares de Florianópolis / Consumer behavior, eating habits and television viewing in students from Florianópolis, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Identificar o comportamento consumidor de escolares em relação aos seus hábitos alimentares e a influência da televisão. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo piloto com 57 escolares com idades entre 7 e 10 anos, do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular localizada em Florianópolis (SC). Foi utilizado um questionário, desenvolvido especialmente para a pesquisa, e realizada avaliação antropométrica. Os dados foram analisados utilizando testes de associação (teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson - c2) e análise de variância. As diferenças foram consideradas significantes quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Todos os estudantes tinham televisão em casa, sendo que 75,0 por cento no próprio quarto. A grande maioria costumava beliscar enquanto assistia a televisão (98,0 por cento), ou fazia as refeições com a televisão ligada (89,5 por cento). O consumo semanal de hortaliças e frutas foi muito inferior ao recomendado segundo a pirâmide alimentar. Os espectadores freqüentes de televisão comiam menos verduras semanalmente do que os moderados. De acordo com a avaliação antropométrica, 23,6 por cento dos estudantes apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade e 9,1 por cento apresentavam adiposidade central. CONCLUSÃO: Os hábitos dos estudantes indicam a necessidade de empregar estratégias educacionais que promovam a adoção de hábitos e comportamentos mais saudáveis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the consumer behavior of a small sample of students (pilot study), regarding their eating habits and influence of television. METHODS: This is a pilot study with 57 students aging from 7 to 10 years attending the elementary grades of a private school located in Florianópolis (SC). A questionnaire developed specifically for this research was used and anthropometric assessment was done. The data were analyzed using association tests (Pearson´s chi-square test -c2) and analysis of variance. The differences were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: All students had television sets at home; 75.0 percent in their own bedrooms. Most of them snacked while watching television (98.0 percent) or ate their meals with the television on (89.5 percent). Weekly intakes of fruit and vegetables were way below the ideal quantities proposed by the food pyramid. Students classified as frequent viewers (4 or more times a day) ate fewer vegetables than did the moderate ones. Anthropometric evaluation indicated that 23.6 percent were overweight/obese and 9.1 percent presented central adiposity. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that strategies must be employed, such as parent's counseling and development of school programs, in order to prevent possible health problems in the studied population.

Avaliação tecnológica, microbiológica, química e física de conservas de mexilhões (Perna perna) embaladas a vácuo / Technological, microbiological, chemical and physical evaluation of mussel conserves (Perna perna) vacuum packed

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do processamento térmico sobre as propriedades de mexilhões em embalagem flexível a vácuo, preparados com diferentes teores de cloreto de sódio (sal) e ácido lático, mantidos a 25+- 1ºC por até 90 dias. As conservas foram avaliadas quanto ás características microbiológicas, pH, bases voláteis totais (N-BVT) e perfil de textura. Essa forma de conservação mostrou-se eficiente quanto às características microbiológicas.Os resultados obtidos para coliformes a 45ºC, Salmonella ssp. e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. O mesmo comportamento foi observado para os teores de N-BVT das conservas sendo todos menores ou igual 13,36 mg/100g do produto. Valores adequados de pH foram observados foram observados quando empregados teores de ácido lático entre 5,0 e 7,5 por cento. O teste de compressão evidenciou maior dureza e consistência nas conservas de mexilhões, armazenadas por 30 dias, quando continham menores teores de sal e maiores de ácido lático. Porém, o mesmo teste quando realizado aos 90 dias de armazenamento indicou menor dureza ew consistência para conservas com maiores teores de ácido lático. No teste de penetração não foram observadas relações entre os parâmetros dureza e consistência comn os teores de sal e ácido láqtico empregados.

Effect of the improved fermentation on physicochemical properties and sensorial acceptability of sour cassava starch

The aim of this work was to study the effect of improved fermentation on sour cassava starch, aiming to reduce its fermentation time and to enhance its expansion capacity as well as its viscoamylographic properties and its sensorial acceptability. Results showed that the improved process of cassava starch production did not harm starch expansion, physicochemical properties or sensorial acceptability; it also produced starches with different viscoamylographic properties, which compared favourably to those of the sour cassava starch produced through current industrial methods.

O Polvilho azedo é caracterizado pelas suas propriedades físicas, químicas e reológicas, as quais são diferentes do amido nativo do qual se originou. A propriedade de expansão é uma das mais importantes características do produto, sendo um parâmetro fundamental de avaliação do polvilho azedo. O resultado do perfil viscoamilográfico também é uma importante maneira de avaliação uma vez que cada amido tem um padrão viscoamilográfico definido de acordo com sua organização granular. Este trabalho determinou o efeito da fermentação melhorada pela adição de glicose, sobre o polvilho azedo, apontando para uma redução no tempo de fermentação e avaliando sua capacidade de expansão, suas propriedades viscoamilográficas e aceitabilidade sensorial. O processo de produção de polvilho azedo melhorado não prejudicou a expansão do amido, suas propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais, mas sim resultou em amidos com diferentes propriedades viscoamilográficas melhores comparativamente ao polvilho azedo produzido pelo processo industrial atual.