Impaired religiosity and spiritual distress in people living with HIV/AIDS. / Religiosidade prejudicada e sofrimento espiritual em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the inference of Nursing Diagnoses, Impaired religiosity and Spiritual distress in people living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, performed in a specialized Service CenteR of Recife, Pernambuco, from June to November 2015. The results related to 52 people living with HIV/AIDS and that were interviewed were analyzed by three nurse judges. RESULTS: Spiritual distress was estimated at 73.1% (38), Impaired religiosity at 36.5% (19), with an average number of defining characteristics of 3.88 ± 2.05 and 2.55±0.69. The main defining characteristic for Impaired religiosity was: "reports a need to reconnect with previous beliefs" (92.3%); and for Spiritual distress, it was: "Expresses a lack of purpose in life/expresses lack of meaning in life" (86.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The results point to the need to consider the religious-spiritual dimension in care protocols and research in nursing.

Development and validation of an instrument for the evaluation of HIV care in Primary Health Care.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the decentralization process of care for People Living with HIV in Primary Health Care. METHOD: Methodological study, developed in four stages: elaboration of the logical model based on the triad Structure-Process-Outcomes; development of the instrument; content validation by expert judges and technical reviewers; and semantic validation. Online questionnaires were used, and the Kappa index was used for analysis. RESULTS: The instrument with 68 items and 8 factors was submitted to validation by expert judges who recommended the exclusion of 3 items and the alteration of 2 factors. In the validation by technical reviewers, 2 items were excluded and 6 factors were highlighted; the agreement index was ≥0.75. In the semantic validation, 87.3% of the judges answered "totally agree" for the items presented. CONCLUSION: The instrument is validated for its content, has 63 items and has the potential to assess the care provided for people living with HIV in Primary Health Care.

Aspects related to health literacy, self-care and compliance with treatment of people living with HIV.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the relationship between health literacy, compliance with antiretroviral therapy and self-care of people living with HIV. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study, developed between January and July 2019, using validated scales on health literacy (SAHLPA), compliance (CEAT-HIV) and self-care (EACAC). RESULTS: a total of 303 people enrolled in three HIV outpatient care services participated in the study, with a satisfactory level of literacy (52.5%), excellent level of self-care (62.9%) and strict compliance with antiretroviral therapy (57.1%). The illiterate had insufficient medication compliance, when compared with the literate (PR = 1.17). Strict compliance was significant for self-care (p-value < 0.001). A higher risk ratio for illiteracy was associated with females, people with elementary education, who receive benefits, with an income of up to one minimum wage, not having the habit of seeking health information and longer use of ART. CONCLUSION: a relationship was identified between literacy and insufficient compliance. The risk for insufficient medication compliance increases as self-care declines. Social measures that reduce inequities can contribute to improving care for people living with HIV.

Diagnostic aspects and in-service training in the decentralization of care to people living with HIV.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perception of nurses on the decentralization of care to people living with HIV. METHOD: Exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study conducted with primary health care nurses based on Imogene King's Open Systems Theory (personal, interpersonal, and social). The data were obtained through interviews; a sociodemographic/professional questionnaire and a semi-structured script were employed, processed by the IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed through Descending Hierarchical Classification. RESULTS: Study participants amounted to 32 nurses. Five classes emerged from the analysis: "diagnostic revelation process"; "professional training"; "preventive measures"; "barriers and potentials in the process of decentralization"; and "stigma and prejudice". CONCLUSION: In the process of reorganization of the healthcare model for people living with HIV in primary health care, an important contribution by nurses in strengthening the local healthcare decentralization was identified.

Nursing professionals' biosafety in confronting COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nursing professionals' biosecurity in confronting COVID-19. METHODS: This is a Survey type study. Nursing professionals were invited via messaging apps, using self-applied data collection forms. The sample selection (n=693) was non-probabilistic. A descriptive data analysis was conducted. RESULTS: considering the biosafety aspects in facing COVID-19, 79.0% of the participants had not received training or considered it insufficient, 69.3% reported the lack of personal protective equipment during work, and 81.8% did not feel safe with the internal flux adaptations for handling COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSION: Continuous and effective nursing team training and personal protective equipment availability are necessary, as well as internal flow adjustments for attending suspected or confirmed cases.

Suffering and defense mechanisms: an analysis of the work of Primary Health Care nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the suffering and coping strategies of nurses working in Primary Health Care considering the psychodynamics of their work. METHODS: Descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 11 nurses working in Primary Health Care. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, systematized, and interpreted using Bardin's content analysis method applied to recurrent themes. RESULTS: The suffering factors related to work in Primary Health Care are difficulties with management, the fragile structure of the health support network, and conflicts with the users. Defensive strategies to minimize these difficulties are the support of hierarchical superiors, the empowerment of the community and users, and communication between team members. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is important that there be changes in the organization of this line of work to improve the workers' health.

Quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

OBJECTIVE: to assess quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. METHOD: a cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted in a reference hospital for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Seventy patients were assessed, using a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Beck's anxiety and Depression Inventories and the SF-36 Quality of Life Scale. RESULTS: the participants had better quality of life in the vitality, mental health and social role functioning domains (median=50.0) and worse in limitation by physical and emotional role functioning (median=0.0 points). Anxiety, depression and oxygen dependence were associated with poorer results in the quality of life domains. CONCLUSION: all patients were classified with severe anxiety level and moderate depression predominance. Patients had low quality of life scores in all domains.

Feelings of pleasure of nurses working in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: identify the sources that generate feelings of pleasure at work in the perception of primary care nurses. METHODS: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, developed with eleven nurses working in Primary Health Care Units. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, systematized and analyzed using Bardin's content analysis technique and based on the theoretical framework of Psychodynamics of Work. RESULTS: pleasure at work was related to the resolubility of the nurse's work, interpersonal relationship with the team, therapeutic relationship with the community, positive professional return, identification with work in nursing and public health. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The factors that generate feelings of pleasure may contribute to guide actions that value the optimization of the nurses' work and, consequently, the care provided to the primary care user.

Perception of nurses who perform rapid tests in Health Centers.

OBJECTIVE: Learn about the perception of health professionals who perform rapid tests in Health Centers (HCs). METHOD: This is a descriptive and qualitative study conducted in nine HCs in Recife. Data were collected through individual interviews and evaluated using Bardin's content analysis, in its thematic category. RESULTS: Challenges were observed in rapid tests related to the supply of products, physical structure, training for pre- and post-test counseling, and the need for improvements in permanent education actions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: These issues can be resolved with management improvements, systematization of permanent education activities, and definition of care flows that enable early diagnosis. Besides the diagnosis, care lines should be created for people living with HIV and AIDS who use the HCs for early health care process.

Representações sociais de enfermeiros acerca do processo de descentralização do atendimento ao HIV: abordagem estrutural / Social representations of nurses about the decentralization process of HIV care: A structural approach / Representaciones sociales de enfermeros sobre el proceso de descentralización de la atención al VIH: un enfoque estructural

Objetivo: analisar a representação social de enfermeiros sobre o atendimento ao HIV na atenção primária à saúde através de uma abordagem estrutural. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e caráter estrutural, com 160 enfermeiros, no período entre dezembro de 2019 a março de 2020 nas unidades de saúde da família do município de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, com a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras, e questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram processados pelo software IRAMUTEQ, sendo ancorados pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: O estímulo à pergunta indutora originou 188 palavras diferentes com frequência mínima de 5 evocações e máxima de 64. Observa-se expressivamente termos associados a fatores subjetivos. Considerações finais: Evidenciou-se que as representações sociais são relevantes e diversas, relacionadas com a atuação dos enfermeiros frente ao atendimento prestado às pessoas vivendo com HIV(AU)

Objective: to analyze nurses' social representation of HIV care in primary health care through a structural approach. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory study, with a qualitative and structural approach, with 160 nurses, between December 2019 and March 2020 in the family health units of the municipality of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Free Word Association Technique and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The data were processed by the IRAMUTEQ software, being anchored by the Theory of Social Representations. Theone proven by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: The stimulus to the inducing question originated 188 different words with a minimum frequency of 5 evocations and a maximum of 64. Terms associated with subjective factors are significantly observed. Final considerations: It was evidenced that social representations are relevant and diverse, related to the performance of nurses in relation to the care provided to people living with HIV(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la representación social de los enfermeros sobre el cuidado del VIH en la atención primaria de salud a través de un enfoque estructural. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo y estructural, con 160 enfermeras, entre diciembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020 en las unidades de salud familiar del municipio de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con la Técnica de Asociación de Palabras Libres y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los datos fueron procesados por el software IRAMUTEQ, siendo anclados por la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. El comprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: El estímulo a la pregunta inductora originó 188 palabras diferentes con una frecuencia mínima de 5 evocaciones y un máximo de 64. Los términos asociados con factores subjetivos se observan significativamente. Consideraciones finales: Se evidenció que las representaciones sociales son relevantes y diversas, relacionadas con el desempeño de las enfermeras en relación con la atención brindada a las personas que viven con VIH(AU)

Stress and suffering in hospital nurses: relationship with personal and work variables and life habits / Estrés y sufrimiento en enfermeras de hospitales: relación con variables personales, laborales y hábitos de vida / Estresse e sofrimento em enfermeiros hospitalares: relação com variáveis pessoais, laborais e hábitos de vida

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the possible associations between stress and suffering with personal, work and lifestyle variables. Method: cross-sectional, quantitative, exploratory, correlational, conducted from June 2019 to February 2020. Data on personal characteristics, life habits and working conditions were obtained with the application of a questionnaire. To assess stress, the Nurses' Stress Inventory (Inventário de Estresse em Enfermeiros) was used and, for suffering, the Pleasure and Suffering Indicators at Work Scale was applied, both in the Brazilian versions. Results: stress was associated with dissatisfaction with remuneration, indicators of suffering and interest in changing jobs and professions. The comparisons between the indicators of suffering and the domains of stress investigation were significant. Conclusion: the stress experienced in nurses' work activity is strongly influenced by low remuneration, leading them to wish to change jobs and professions. Professional burnout and lack of recognition are stressors that drive defense mechanisms, among them, the desire to change jobs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar posibles asociaciones entre estrés y sufrimiento con variables personales, laborales y hábitos de vida. Método: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, exploratorio, correlacional, realizado de junio de 2019 a febrero de 2020. Los datos sobre características personales, hábitos de vida y condiciones de trabajo se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario. Para la evaluación del estrés, se utilizó el Inventario de Estrés en Enfermeras y, para el sufrimiento, se aplicó la Escala de Indicadores de Placer y Sufrimiento en el Trabajo, ambas en versiones brasileñas. Resultados: el estrés se asoció a la insatisfacción con el salario, indicadores de sufrimiento e interés por cambiar de trabajo y profesión. Las comparaciones entre los indicadores de angustia y los dominios de investigación del estrés fueron significativas. Conclusión: el estrés experimentado en el trabajo de los enfermeros está fuertemente influenciado por la baja remuneración, llevándolos a querer cambiar de trabajo y de profesión. El agotamiento profesional y la falta de reconocimiento son factores estresantes que impulsan los mecanismos de defensa, incluido el deseo de cambiar de trabajo.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as possíveis associações entre o estresse e o sofrimento com as variáveis pessoais, laborais e hábitos de vida. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, exploratório, correlacional, realizado no período de junho de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Os dados sobre as características pessoais, hábitos de vida e as condições de trabalho foram obtidos com a aplicação de questionário. Para avaliação do estresse, utilizou-se o Inventário de Estresse em Enfermeiros e, para o sofrimento, aplicou-se a Escala de Indicadores de Prazer e sofrimento no Trabalho, ambos nas versões brasileiras. Resultados: o estresse esteve associado à insatisfação com a remuneração, indicadores de sofrimento e interesse em mudar de emprego e profissão. As comparações entre os indicadores de sofrimento e os domínios de investigação do estresse foram significativas. Conclusão: o estresse vivenciado na atividade laboral do enfermeiro recebe forte influência da baixa remuneração, levando-o a desejar mudar de emprego e profissão. O esgotamento profissional e a falta de reconhecimento são estressores que impulsionam mecanismos de defesa, dentre eles, o desejo de mudar de emprego.

Development and validation of an instrument for the evaluation of HIV care in Primary Health Care / Construcción y validación de un instrumento para la evaluación de la atención del VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud / Construção e validação de instrumento avaliativo para atendimento ao HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the decentralization process of care for People Living with HIV in Primary Health Care. Method: Methodological study, developed in four stages: elaboration of the logical model based on the triad Structure-Process-Outcomes; development of the instrument; content validation by expert judges and technical reviewers; and semantic validation. Online questionnaires were used, and the Kappa index was used for analysis. Results: The instrument with 68 items and 8 factors was submitted to validation by expert judges who recommended the exclusion of 3 items and the alteration of 2 factors. In the validation by technical reviewers, 2 items were excluded and 6 factors were highlighted; the agreement index was ≥0.75. In the semantic validation, 87.3% of the judges answered "totally agree" for the items presented. Conclusion: The instrument is validated for its content, has 63 items and has the potential to assess the care provided for people living with HIV in Primary Health Care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento para la evaluación del proceso de descentralización de la atención a personas conviviendo con VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Es un estudio metodológico desarrollado en cuatro etapas: elaboración del modelo lógico basado en la tríada Estructura-Proceso-Resultados; construcción del instrumento; validación del contenido por jueces especialistas y revisores técnicos; y validación semántica. Se utilizaron cuestionarios en línea y el índice de Kappa para el análisis. Resultados: El instrumento con 68 ítems y 8 factores fue sometido a validación por jueces expertos que recomendaron la exclusión de 3 ítems y el cambio de 2 factores. En la validación por parte de los revisores técnicos, se excluyeron 2 ítems y se puntuaron 6 factores; el índice de acuerdo fue ≥0,75. En la validación semántica, el 87,3% respondió "totalmente de acuerdo" a los ítems presentados. Conclusiones: El instrumento se encuentra validado cuanto al contenido, posee 63 ítems y potencial para la evaluación de la atención de personas conviviendo con VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar um instrumento de avaliação do processo de descentralização do atendimento às pessoas vivendo com HIV para Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em quatro etapas: elaboração do modelo lógico baseado na tríade Estrutura-Processo-Resultados; construção do instrumento; validação de conteúdo por juízes especialistas e revisores técnicos; e validação semântica. Utilizaram-se questionários on-line e, para análise, o índice de Kappa. Resultados: o instrumento, com 68 itens e 8 fatores, foi submetido à validação por juízes especialistas que recomendaram a exclusão de 3 itens e mudança de 2 fatores. Na validação por revisores técnicos, foram excluídos 2 itens e pontou-se 6 fatores, o índice de concordância foi ≥0,75. Na validação semântica 87,3% responderam "concordo totalmente" para os itens apresentados. Conclusões: O instrumento encontra-se validado quanto ao conteúdo, possui 63 itens e potencial para avaliação do atendimento às pessoas vivendo com HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Aspects related to health literacy, self-care and compliance with treatment of people living with HIV / Aspectos relacionados ao letramento em saúde, autocuidado e adesão ao tratamento de pessoas vivendo com HIV / Aspectos relacionados ao letramento em saúde, autocuidado e adesão ao tratamento de pessoas vivendo com HIV

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the relationship between health literacy, compliance with antiretroviral therapy and self-care of people living with HIV. Method: this is a cross-sectional study, developed between January and July 2019, using validated scales on health literacy (SAHLPA), compliance (CEAT-HIV) and self-care (EACAC). Results: a total of 303 people enrolled in three HIV outpatient care services participated in the study, with a satisfactory level of literacy (52.5%), excellent level of self-care (62.9%) and strict compliance with antiretroviral therapy (57.1%). The illiterate had insufficient medication compliance, when compared with the literate (PR = 1.17). Strict compliance was significant for self-care (p-value < 0.001). A higher risk ratio for illiteracy was associated with females, people with elementary education, who receive benefits, with an income of up to one minimum wage, not having the habit of seeking health information and longer use of ART. Conclusion: a relationship was identified between literacy and insufficient compliance. The risk for insufficient medication compliance increases as self-care declines. Social measures that reduce inequities can contribute to improving care for people living with HIV.

RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la relación entre la alfabetización en salud, la adherencia a la terapia antirretroviral y el autocuidado de personas que viven con VIH. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado entre enero y julio de 2019, utilizando escalas validadas de alfabetización en salud (SAHLPA), adherencia (CEAT-HIV) y autocuidado (EACAC). Resultados: Participaron del estudio 303 personas inscritas en tres servicios de atención ambulatoria de VIH, con nivel de alfabetización satisfactorio (52,5%), nivel de autocuidado excelente (62,9%) y adherencia estricta a la terapia antirretroviral (57,1%). Los analfabetos tenían adherencia insuficiente a la medicación, en comparación con los alfabetizados (RP = 1,17). La adherencia estricta fue significativa para el autocuidado (valor p < 0,001). Una mayor razón de riesgo para el analfabetismo se asoció con el sexo femenino, personas con educación básica, que perciben beneficios, con ingresos de hasta un salario mínimo, que no tienen el hábito de buscar información de salud y mayor uso de la TARV. Conclusión: se identificó una relación entre la alfabetización y la adherencia insuficiente. El riesgo de mala adherencia a la medicación aumenta a medida que disminuye el autocuidado. Las medidas sociales que reducen las desigualdades pueden contribuir a mejorar la atención de las personas que viven con el VIH.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a relação entre letramento em saúde, adesão à terapia antirretroviral e autocuidado de pessoas vivendo com HIV. Método: trata-se de estudo transversal, desenvolvido entre janeiro e julho de 2019, por meio de escalas validadas sobre letramento em saúde (SAHLPA), adesão (CEAT-HIV) e autocuidado (EACAC). Resultados: participaram do estudo 303 pessoas cadastradas em três serviços de atendimento ambulatorial-HIV, apresentando grau satisfatório de letramento (52,5%), ótimo nível de autocuidado (62,9%) e adesão estrita à terapia antirretroviral (57,1%). Os não letrados apresentaram adesão medicamentosa insuficiente, quando comparados com os letrados (RP = 1,17). A adesão estrita foi significativa para o autocuidado (p-valor < 0,001). Uma maior relação de risco para o não letramento esteve associada ao sexo feminino, pessoas com ensino fundamental, que recebem benefícios, com renda de até um salário mínimo, não ter hábito de buscar informações em saúde e maior tempo de uso da TARV. Conclusão identificou-se relação entre o letramento e a adesão insuficiente. O risco para adesão medicamentosa insuficiente aumenta à medida que o autocuidado diminui. Medidas sociais redutoras de iniquidades podem contribuir para melhoria da assistência a pessoas que vivem com HIV.

Description of the feeding preferences of triatominae in the Chagas disease surveillance study for the State of Pernambuco, Brazil (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).

INTRODUCTION:: Studying the feeding preferences of triatomines is an important entomological surveillance tool, since continuous surveillance of the disease is necessary. METHODS:: The precipitin reaction was used to describe the feeding preferences of triatomines along with their natural infection by flagellates similar to Tyrpanosoma cruzi. Six hundred eighty-seven insects were examined, including Triatoma brasiliensis, Triatoma pseudomaculata, and Panstrongylus lutzi. RESULTS:: Sixty-nine (10%) of 687 triatomines examined tested positive for flagellates similar to T. cruzi, and 8 (1.2%) of these fed on human blood. CONCLUSIONS:: This study found potential transmitters of Chagas disease both inside and outside the domiciliar environment.

Religious and spiritual coping in people living with HIV/Aids.

OBJECTIVE: evaluate the religiosity and the religious/spiritual coping of people living with HIV/Aids. METHOD: descriptive, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach, conducted in a reference HIV/Aids outpatient clinic in a university hospital of Recife-PE, Brazil, from June to November 2015. At total of 52 people living with HIV/Aids (PLWHA) participated in the research, which employed own questionnaire, the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), and the Religious/Spiritual Coping Scale (RCOPE). RESULTS: the sample presented high indices of organizational religiosity (4.23±1.66), non-organizational religiosity (4.63±1.50), and intrinsic religiosity (13.13±2.84). Positive RCOPE was used in high mean scores (3.66±0.88), and negative RCOPE had low use (2.12 ± 0.74). In total, use of RCOPE was high (3.77±0.74), having predominated the positive RCOPE (NegRCOPE/PosRCOPE ratio=0.65±0.46). CONCLUSION: it is evident the importance of encouraging religious activity and RCOPE strategies, seen in the past as inappropriate interventions in clinical practice.

Nursing professionals' biosafety in confronting COVID-19 / Bioseguridad de los profesionales de enfermería en el afrontamiento del COVID-19 / Biossegurança dos profissionais de enfermagem no enfrentamento da COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the nursing professionals' biosecurity in confronting COVID-19. Methods: This is a Survey type study. Nursing professionals were invited via messaging apps, using self-applied data collection forms. The sample selection (n=693) was non-probabilistic. A descriptive data analysis was conducted. Results: considering the biosafety aspects in facing COVID-19, 79.0% of the participants had not received training or considered it insufficient, 69.3% reported the lack of personal protective equipment during work, and 81.8% did not feel safe with the internal flux adaptations for handling COVID-19 cases. Conclusion: Continuous and effective nursing team training and personal protective equipment availability are necessary, as well as internal flow adjustments for attending suspected or confirmed cases.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar la bioseguridad de profesionales de enfermería en el afrontamiento del COVID-19. Métodos: es un estudio tipo Survey, realizado entre profesionales de enfermería por aplicación de mensajería mediante formularios de recogida de datos autoaplicables y análisis descriptivo de los datos. La selección de la muestra (n=693) fue no probabilística. Resultados: al considerarse los aspectos de bioseguridad para el afrontamiento del COVID-19, el 79,0% de los investigadores no había recibido capacitación o la consideraba insuficiente, el 69,3% reportó falta de equipo de protección individual en los servicios y el 81,8% no se sintió seguro con las adecuaciones de los flujos internos para la atención de casos del COVID-19. Conclusión: se observa la necesidad de capacitación continua y eficaz del plantel de enfermería y la disponibilidad de equipos de protección individual, además de adecuaciones de los flujos internos para la atención de casos sospechosos o confirmados de la dolencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a biossegurança dos profissionais de enfermagem no enfrentamento da COVID-19. Métodos: trata-se de estudo do tipo Survey. Os profissionais de enfermagem foram convidados via aplicativo de mensagens, utilizando formulários de coleta de dados autoaplicáveis. A seleção amostral (n=693) foi do tipo não probabilística. Realizou-se a análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: considerando os aspectos da biossegurança no enfrentamento da COVID-19, 79,0% dos pesquisados não receberam treinamentos ou consideraram-nos insuficientes, 69,3% relataram a falta de equipamento de proteção individual nos serviços e 81,8% não se sentiram seguros com as adequações dos fluxos internos para o atendimento de casos da COVID-19. Conclusão: observam-se a necessidade de treinamento contínuo e efetivo da equipe de enfermagem e a disponibilidade de equipamentos de proteção individual, além da necessidade de adequações dos fluxos internos para o atendimento de casos suspeitos ou confirmados da doença.

Suffering and defense mechanisms: an analysis of the work of Primary Health Care nurses / Sufrimiento y mecanismos de defensa: análisis del trabajo de enfermeras de la Atención Primaria de Salud / Sofrimento e mecanismos de defesa: análise do trabalho de enfermeiras na Atenção Primária à Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the suffering and coping strategies of nurses working in Primary Health Care considering the psychodynamics of their work. Methods: Descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 11 nurses working in Primary Health Care. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, systematized, and interpreted using Bardin's content analysis method applied to recurrent themes. Results: The suffering factors related to work in Primary Health Care are difficulties with management, the fragile structure of the health support network, and conflicts with the users. Defensive strategies to minimize these difficulties are the support of hierarchical superiors, the empowerment of the community and users, and communication between team members. Final considerations: It is important that there be changes in the organization of this line of work to improve the workers' health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el sufrimiento y mecanismos de defensa de enfermeros actuantes en la Atención Primaria de Salud a la luz de la psicodinámica del trabajo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo realizado con 11 enfermeras actuantes en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevista semiestructurada, sistematizados e interpretados utilizándose el análisis de contenido de Bardin en la modalidad temática. Resultados: Factores de sufrimiento relacionados al trabajo en la Atención Primaria de Salud son las dificultades con la gestión, estructura debilitada de la red de apoyo a la salud y conflictos con los usuarios. Las estrategias defensivas para minimizar esas dificultades son el apoyo de los superiores jerárquicos, el empoderamiento de la comunidad o de los usuarios y la comunicación entre los miembros de equipe. Consideraciones finales: Es importante que haya cambios en la organización del trabajo para que mejorías sean alcanzadas en la salud de los trabajadores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o sofrimento e os mecanismos de defesa de enfermeiros atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde à luz da psicodinâmica do trabalho. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa realizado com 11 enfermeiras atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista semiestruturada, sistematizados e interpretados utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo de Bardin na modalidade temática. Resultados: Os fatores de sofrimento relacionados ao trabalho na Atenção Primária à Saúde são as dificuldades com a gestão, a estrutura fragilizada da rede de apoio à saúde e os conflitos com os usuários. As estratégias defensivas para minimizar essas dificuldades são o apoio dos superiores hierárquicos, o empoderamento da comunidade ou dos usuários e a comunicação entre os membros de equipe. Considerações finais: É importante que haja mudanças na organização do trabalho para que melhorias sejam alcançadas na saúde dos trabalhadores.

Sand fly population dynamics and cutaneous leishmaniasis among soldiers in an Atlantic forest remnant in northeastern Brazil.

Outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis are relatively common among soldiers involved in nocturnal activities in tropical forests. We investigated the population dynamics of sand flies in a military training camp located in a remnant of Atlantic rainforest in northeastern Brazil, where outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis have sporadically been described. From July 2012 to July 2014, light traps were monthly placed in 10 collection sites, being nine sites located near the forest edge and one near a sheep and goat stable. Light traps operated from 5:00 pm to 6:00 am, during four consecutive nights. Leishmania infection in sand flies was assessed using a fast real-time PCR assay. Cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis among soldiers were also investigated. In total, 24,606 sand flies belonging to 25 species were identified. Males (n = 12,683) predominated over females (n = 11,923). Sand flies were present during all months, being more numerous in March (n = 1,691) and April 2013 (n = 3,324). Lutzomyia choti (72.9%) was the most abundant species, followed by Lutzomyia longispina (13.8%), Lutzomyia complexa (5.3%), representing together >90% of the sand flies collected. Forty cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded among soldiers from January 2012 to December 2014. Leishmania isolates were obtained from eight patients and were all characterized as Leishmania braziliensis. Soldiers and anyone overnighting in Atlantic rainforest remnants should adopt preventative measures such as the use of repellents on bare skin or clothes and insecticide-treated tents.

Práticas educativas e preventivas de controle do HIV na atenção primária em saúde / Prácticas educativas y preventivas del control del VIH en la atención primaria de salud / Educational and preventive HIV-control practices in primary health care

RESUMO Objetivo compreender a repercussão das práticas educativas desenvolvidas por enfermeiros na Atenção Primária em Saúde para promoção da saúde e prevenção de novos casos de HIV. Método estudo qualitativo realizados com 11 enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde que atendem Pessoas Vivendo com HIV. Dados coletados de setembro a outubro de 2020, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para tratamento e análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ, cujo conteúdo foi submetido à análise de Bardin. Resultados emergiram duas categorias temáticas: conhecimento, atitude e prática preventiva em saúde relacionadas ao HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde e obstáculos para execução das medidas preventivas na Atenção Primária em Saúde. Conclusão as práticas preventivas para o controle do HIV na Atenção Primária mostraram-se atreladas a necessidade de intensificar a sensibilização dos profissionais, o que possivelmente pode repercutir no maior envolvimento profissional, mudanças de rotina, readaptação no fluxo de trabalho e melhor efetividade das atividades e ações ofertadas aos usuários.

RESUMEN Objetivo comprender el impacto de las prácticas educativas desarrolladas por enfermeros de Atención Primaria de Salud para la promoción de la salud y prevención de nuevos casos de VIH. Método estudio cualitativo realizado junto a 11 enfermeros de Atención Primaria de Salud que atienden a Personas Viviendo con VIH. Datos recopilados de septiembre a octubre de 2020, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Para el tratamiento y el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ y su contenido fue sometido al análisis de Bardin. Resultados surgieron dos categorías temáticas: conocimiento, actitud y práctica preventiva en salud, relacionada con el VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud y; obstáculos para la implementación de medidas preventivas en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Conclusión las prácticas preventivas para el control del VIH en la Atención Primaria demostraron que están vinculadas a la necesidad de intensificar la concienciación de los profesionales, lo que posiblemente puede redundar en una mayor implicación profesional, cambios en la rutina, readaptación en el flujo de trabajo y una mejor efectividad de las actividades y acciones que se ofrecen a los usuarios.

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the impact of educational practices applied by Primary Health Care nurses for health promotion and prevention of new cases of HIV. Method in this qualitative study, with 11 Primary Health Care nurses providing care to people living with HIV, data were collected from September to October 2020 in semi-structured interviews. The data were treated and analyzed using IRAMUTEQ software, and the interview content underwent Bardin analysis. Results two thematic categories emerged: HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and preventive health practices in Primary Health Care; and obstacles to implementing preventive measures in Primary Health Care. Conclusion preventive Primary Care practices for controlling HIV were found to be connected with a need to intensify health personnel's awareness, which can possibly result in greater professional involvement, changes in routine, adaptation of workflows, and more effective activities and actions offered to users.

Práticas educativas e preventivas de controle do HIV na atenção primária em saúde / Educational and preventive HIV-control practices in primary health care / Prácticas educativas y preventivas del control del VIH en la atención primaria de salud

Objetivo: compreender a repercussão das práticas educativas desenvolvidas por enfermeiros na Atenção Primária em Saúde para promoção da saúde e prevenção de novos casos de HIV. Método: estudo qualitativo realizados com 11 enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde que atendem Pessoas Vivendo com HIV. Dados coletados de setembro a outubro de 2020, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para tratamento e análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ, cujo conteúdo foi submetido à análise de Bardin. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias temáticas: conhecimento, atitude e prática preventiva em saúde relacionadas ao HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde e obstáculos para execução das medidas preventivas na Atenção Primária em Saúde. Conclusão: as práticas preventivas para o controle do HIV na Atenção Primária mostraram-se atreladas a necessidade de intensificar a sensibilização dos profissionais, o que possivelmente pode repercutir no maior envolvimento profissional, mudanças de rotina, readaptação no fluxo de trabalho e melhor efetividade das atividades e ações ofertadas aos usuários.

Objective: to understand the impact of educational practices applied by Primary Health Care nurses for health promotion and prevention of new cases of HIV. Method: in this qualitative study, with 11 Primary Health Care nurses providing care to people living with HIV, data were collected from September to October 2020 in semi-structured interviews. The data were treated and analyzed using IRAMUTEQ software, and the interview content underwent Bardin analysis. Results: two thematic categories emerged: HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and preventive health practices in Primary Health Care; and obstacles to implementing preventive measures in Primary Health Care. Conclusion: preventive Primary Care practices for controlling HIV were found to be connected with a need to intensify health personnel's awareness, which can possibly result in greater professional involvement, changes in routine, adaptation of workflows, and more effective activities and actions offered to users.

Objetivo: comprender el impacto de las prácticas educativas desarrolladas por enfermeros de Atención Primaria de Salud para la promoción de la salud y prevención de nuevos casos de VIH. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado junto a 11 enfermeros de Atención Primaria de Salud que atienden a Personas Viviendo con VIH. Datos recopilados de septiembre a octubre de 2020, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Para el tratamiento y el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ y su contenido fue sometido al análisis de Bardin. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías temáticas: conocimiento, actitud y práctica preventiva en salud, relacionada con el VIH en la Atención Primaria de Salud y; obstáculos para la implementación de medidas preventivas en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Conclusión: las prácticas preventivas para el control del VIH en la Atención Primaria demostraron que están vinculadas a la necesidad de intensificar la concienciación de los profesionales, lo que posiblemente puede redundar en una mayor implicación profesional, cambios en la rutina, readaptación en el flujo de trabajo y una mejor efectividad de las actividades y acciones que se ofrecen a los usuarios.