Prevalence and factors associated with chronic wounds in older adults in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of pressure injuries, diabetic and vasculogenic ulcers and associated factors in older adults attended in primary care. METHOD: A cross-sectional, analytical study with older adults attended in the Family Health Strategy in a Brazilian municipality. Data collection was performed from January to March 2016 using interviews and evaluations of injuries. The variables were submitted to the multivariate logistic regression model using the odds ratio, with their respective 95% confidence intervals and significance set at <0.05. RESULTS: 339 older adults participated in the study. The mean age was 71.1 years, 67.3% were female, 44% were illiterate, 85% had low family income, 91.7% had underlying diseases, 37.2% had dietary restrictions, and 76.1% did not practice physical activity. The prevalence of pressure injury was 5.0%, diabetic ulcer 3.2%, and vasculogenic ulcer 2.9%. Not working and not regularly practicing physical activity increased the chances of presenting these injuries by 1.5 and 2.3 times, respectively. Being actively mobility and not having dietary restrictions were protective factors for not developing chronic wounds. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of injuries among older adults was high, and its occurrence is associated with socioeconomic and clinical characteristics.

Factors associated with HIV prevalence in a prison population. / Fatores associados à prevalência do vírus da imunodeficiência humana em população privada de liberdade.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze HIV prevalence and associated factors in inmates in a prison in a state in the Northeast region of Brazil. METHOD: Epidemiological, cross-sectional study carried out with prisoners. Interviews were conducted using a form and a rapid test for the diagnosis. Bivariate and multivariate hypothesis testing, with a simple logistic ratio (unadjusted odds ratio) and multiple ratio (adjusted odds ratio) were applied. Significance level was set at p≤0.05. RESULTS: A total of 2,131 inmates participated in the study. The HIV prevalence was 1.0%. Seropositive individuals were mostly Afro-American; their marital status was predominantly single/separated/widower. The mean age was of 31.3 years, and the mean educational level was 6.29 years. There was a link between the HIV virus and the variables: selection of partners based on physical attributes and vaginal sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: Tackling the HIV infection represents a major challenge for prison and sanitary authorities, considering that the issues related to the HIV context inside and outside the prison environment are interconnected and, therefore, demands coordinated action.

Self-inflicted violence by exogenous poisoning in an emergency service. / Violência autoinfligida por intoxicação exógena em um serviço de urgência e emergência.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the self-inflicted violence by exogenous poisoning reported in a health service. METHODS: Epidemiological, retrospective and analytical study in an emergency care in the city of Teresina, Piauí. The study took place in January and February of 2015, upon review of all cases of self-inflicted violence by exogenous poisoning reported to the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration, from 2009 to 2014. The Pearson chi-square test was used for analysis. RESULTS: 277 victims of self-inflicted violence by exogenous poisoning were reported, with 10.5% having died by suicide. There was an association between death and the age, education, area of occurrence and type of exposure, as well as between the type of exposure and the amount of agents used. CONCLUSION: The results help to define prevention strategies considering vulnerable groups and the complexity of the factors associated with self-inflicted violence.

Primary health care professionals' practice in the face of leprosy: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify Primary Health Care professionals' practice in the face of leprosy. METHODS: a scoping review, carried out between November 2022 and January 2023, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by JBI and checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews in six databases and additional literature. RESULTS: the sample consisted of 11 articles, published between 2008 and 2022. The findings were synthesized into three categories: Early diagnosis and timely treatment; Physical disability prevention; and Household and social contact surveillance. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: there is a need to align the practices carried out with those recommended by the Brazilian National Program for Leprosy Control and Elimination, as some were not identified in studies, which implies losses to qualified assistance directed to patient demands, with a view to control and elimination of leprosy.

LATENT TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

BACKGROUND: Among chronic condition problems, tuberculosis still represents a serious public health problem globally. OBJECTIVE: To investigate latent tuberculosis infection in patients with Crohn's disease. Retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study of quantitative analysis. METHODS: The research was conducted on diagnosed cases of Crohn's disease at the University Hospital located in a city in Northeastern Brazil. All cases of patients with Crohn's disease undergoing isoniazid or rifampicin therapy for latent tuberculosis (LTBI) were included in the study. The data obtained were subsequently subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. RESULTS: We analyzed 235 medical records, and it was observed that 56% were male, with a mean age of 42.7. Among these, 54% declared themselves as brown, 31% had completed high school, and 47% were residents of the city of Teresina. Regarding the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the studied patients classified as having ILTB, 34% of the medical records were diagnosed by tuberculin test, 48.51% were investigated by x-ray examination, and the recent location affected the colon with 27%. CONCLUSION: Overall, the health profile of the participants in this study aligns with findings previously established in the literature, particularly studies conducted in other Brazilian states, as well as in other developing countries.

Vaccination hesitation in children under five years of age: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: to synthesize scientific evidence on vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and its associated factors. METHODS: a scoping review, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by the JBI. Searches were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed databases, including gray literature. Studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, without temporal delimitation. Editorials, studies that did not address vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and were not aligned with the objective and research question were excluded. The sample consisted of 18 articles. RESULTS: misinformation, concern about adverse effects, distrust about efficacy, affliction regarding administration simultaneously, and insecurity in relation to the laboratories were the reported reasons. CONCLUSIONS: strategies are needed to combat the lack of information about immunobiological agents, as misinformation was the main factor in parents' vaccine hesitation.

Sexual exposure to HIV in Angolan men who have sex with men immigrants: A cross-sectional study in Portugal and Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In different contexts, international migrants are vulnerable to health disparities that increase the risk of HIV/AIDS exposure and continue to bear a significant burden of new virus infections in developed and developing countries. In this study, we sought to examine sexual practices and factors linked to HIV exposure among a sample of Angolan men who have sex with men (MSM) immigrants. METHODS: The study was conducted in two Portuguese-speaking countries, Brazil and Portugal, and involved 250 Angolan MSM immigrants between September 2020 and February 2021, using sampling methods to constitute the sample and the HIV Incidence Risk Index (HIRI) to define virus exposure risk. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were used to calculate the chances of higher HIRI index in the sample. RESULTS: Our results showed that 76.8% of participants presented a high HIRI index, influenced by the practice of chemsex (aOR: 4.26), having a known/repeated partner (aOR: 4.59), and engaging in passive sex without a condom in the last 30 days (aOR: 1.29) or 6 months (aOR: 1.98). CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to focus on this vulnerable population and implement sexual health policies that integrate combined HIV prevention measures aimed at immigrant MSM.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescents regarding human papillomavirus.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescent students from public schools in the municipality of Teresina, state of Piauí, regarding human papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS: Cross-sectional, analytical study carried out in 12 public schools in the municipality of Teresina, with a random sample of 472 15-year-old adolescents. All participants answered a validated questionnaire, which evaluated sociodemographic characteristics, level of knowledge about HPV, attitudes regarding vaccination and vaccination status. The levels of knowledge and attitude were classified by standardized scores and practice by the vaccination situation. The analyses were carried out using the SPSS software. In the bivariate analysis, simple logistic regression was used generating odds ratios to identify the associations of sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitude with HPV prevention practice. Variables that presented p-value ≤ 0.20 in the bivariate analysis were inserted in a multivariate logistic regression model. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Among the participants, 27.3% had sufficient knowledge, 34.1% had positive attitudes, and 74.6% had adequate practice. In the multivariate analysis, we observed a statistically significant association among females (ORa = 15.62; 95%CI: 9.08-26.9), satisfactory knowledge (ORa = 2.09; 95%CI: 1.15-3.81), and positive attitudes (ORa = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.10-3.23) with proper practice. CONCLUSIONS: Being female, having a satisfactory level of knowledge about HPV and the vaccine, and having positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination reinforce the appropriate practice of vaccination. These findings demonstrate the need to expand the knowledge of adolescents, generating positive attitudes towards vaccination within an appropriate perspective.

Effect of mobile application use on knowledge about human immunodeficiency virus among university students.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of using a mobile application on knowledge about human immunodeficiency virus among university students. METHOD: A before-and-after intervention study, with 196 university students, from August to December 2018. The intervention consisted of using the educ@aids mobile application for 15 days. Univariate analyzes were performed using simple descriptive statistics and the McNemar test was used to compare knowledge before and after the intervention. RESULTS: There was an improvement in knowledge after using educ@aids in the variables related to knowledge about the transmission of the virus; knowledge about treatment, cure and prevention; knowledge of other information about human immunodeficiency virus. CONCLUSION: The use of educ@aids increased knowledge about the human immunodeficiency virus among health university students.

Knowledge of health students about prophylaxis pre and post exposure to HIV.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate students' knowledge of nursing and medical courses at a public university on prophylaxis before and after exposure to HIV/AIDS. METHOD: cross-sectional study, carried out with nursing and medical students (n = 167). In order to explain the effect of variables on knowledge, the Multinomial Logistic Regression was used. RESULTS: Participants had a mean of 23.03 years, female (56.5%), unmarried (64.3%), and heterosexual (86.3%). The level of knowledge demonstrated was mostly medium (49.4%), and only 28.6% showed a high knowledge about the subject. The multivariate analysis showed that the course (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.01) were associated with a higher level of knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing and medical students possess knowledge considered as average about HIV preventive prophylaxis, thus it is up to the health education institutions to provide subsidies for a better training of students, treating the theme as a transversal subject in their training.

Consumption of sexually explicit media and unprotected anal sex in men who have sex with men. / Consumo de mídias sexualmente explícitas e sexo anal desprotegido em homens que fazem sexo com homens.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of bareback sexually explicit media (SEM) consumption on anal sex without a condom by men who have sex with men (MSM). To this end, a page was created on the Facebook® social network with a link that directed interested parties to a questionnaire. Cisgender men, aged 18 years and over, who had sex with other men in the last 12 months, were included. Data were collected in 2017 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate inferential statistics and multivariate logistic regression. A total of 2,248 MSM participated in the research, with a mean age of 24.4 years and a mean number of 3.9 partners in the last 30 days. Having multiple sexual partners (ORa: 9.4; 95% CI 3.9-22.4), preferring movies with bareback scenes (ORa: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.6), considering this practice a fetish and realizing it (ORa: 3.52; 95% CI 2.3-5.4), having casual partnerships (ORa: 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-1.9) and being aware of the partner's negative serological status for HIV (ORa: 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-2.3) were factors that increased the likelihood of engaging in anal sex without a condom. Thus, we found an association between the consumption of bareback SEM and sex without a condom among MSM.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do consumo de mídia sexualmente explícita (MSE) de modalidade bareback na prática de sexo anal sem preservativo por homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). Para tanto, foi criada uma página na rede social Facebook® com um link que direcionava os interessados para um questionário. Foram incluídos homens cisgênero, com 18 anos ou mais e que praticaram sexo com outro(s) homem(ns) nos últimos 12 meses. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 e analisados por meio de estatística inferencial (uni)bivariada e regressão logística multivariada. Participaram da pesquisa 2.248 HSH, com média de idade de 24,4 anos e média de 3,9 parceiros nos últimos 30 dias. Possuir múltiplos parceiros sexuais (ORa:9,4; IC95% 3,9-22,4), preferir filmes com cenas bareback (ORa:2,6; IC95% 1,5-4,6), julgar essa prática um fetiche e realizá-lo (ORa:3,52; IC95% 2,3-5,4), ter parceria casual (ORa:1,8; IC95% 1,5-1,9) e ciência do status sorológico negativo do parceiro para o HIV (ORa:1,4; IC95% 1,1-2,3) foram fatores que aumentaram as chances de envolvimento em sexo anal sem preservativo. Dessa forma, verificamos associação entre o consumo de MSE bareback e a prática de sexo sem preservativo entre HSH.

Factors associated with the risk of diabetic foot in patients with diabetes mellitus in Primary Care. / Fatores associados ao risco de pé diabético em pessoas com diabetes mellitus na Atenção Primária.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with diabetic foot risk in patients with diabetes mellitus assisted in Primary Care. METHOD: Observational, analytic, and transversal study took place in Teresina, Piauí, with diabetic patients who are assisted in Primary Care. Data collection took place through interviews, foot clinical exams, and medical record analysis. We used the Mann-Whitney, Pearson's Chi-square and multiple logistic regression statistics tests to analyze the data. The association power among categorical variables was measured by Odds Ratio . RESULTS: 322 patients participated. Marital status with a partner presented a protection factor (p = 0.007). Risk factors for the development of the diabetic foot are: arterial hypertension (p = 0.045), obesity (p = 0.011), smoking (p = 0.027), not being submitted to follow ups (p = 0.046), inadequate control of capillary blood glucose (p < 0.001), indisposition to the care of the foot (p=0.014), and foot self-exam less frequently (p = 0.040). CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic, clinical, and self-care aspects interfere in diabetic foot development, highlighting the necessity of effective follow up tracking and educational interventions for patients with diabetes mellitus in Primary Care.

Factors associated with unprotected sex in people who consume sexually explicit media.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with sex without the use of condoms in consumers of sexually explicit media (SEM). METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with a sample of 172 participants selected and collected through social media. To assess the predictors of unprotected sexual practices, the Poisson regression model was used. Values were expressed as a robust prevalence ratio (PR) with their respective confidence intervals. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association between, the use of condoms and the type of scenes that the participants prefer (p = 0.03), the preference for films with scenes involving unprotected sex or even those that do not care about protection (p = 0.02), the type of pornography watched influencing sexual relations (p = 0.017), and the number of scenes seen per week (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The lack of condom use was associated with the access to erotic scenes.

High rates of unprotected receptive anal sex and vulnerabilities to HIV infection among Brazilian men who have sex with men.

This study aimed to evaluate unprotected receptive anal sex intercourse (URAI) rates and vulnerabilities to HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) that use geosocial networking dating apps in Brazil. An online, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,250 MSM. The analyzed variables were grouped according to domains of vulnerability and analyzed by bi and multivariate statistics to calculate the Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR). The prevalence of self-reported HIV was 7.1%; and of URAI, 23.4%. The studied variables that increased the chances of engaging in URAI were: identifying as homosexual (aOR = 8.30; 95%CI = 5.68:12.04), pansexual (aOR = 5.01; 95%CI = 2.04:12.38), or bisexual (aOR = 3.14; 95%CI = 2.03:4.80), using apps for obtaining sex (aOR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.0:1.5), engaging in group sex (aOR = 1.6; 95%CI = 1.3:2.0), and reporting chemsex (aOR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.1:2.0). Self-reported positive HIV status was associated with: less than a minimum wage income (aOR = 1.78; 95%CI = 1.22:2.58), lower education (aOR = 1.86; 95%CI = 1.31 CI; 2,64), not knowing the partner's HIV status (aOR = 1.84; 95%CI = 1.06:3.19), practicing group sex (aOR = 1.67; 95%CI = 1.04; 2.68), and chemsex (aOR = 2.03; 95%CI =1.06:3.19). The applications interaction is shaped by their own users to better meet their desires and needs. However, this behavior exposes individuals to HIV vulnerabilities.

Evidences on the effectiveness of text messages in the adherence to antiretroviral therapy in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evidence available in the literature on the effectiveness of text messages in the adherence to antiretroviral therapy in adults. METHOD: Integrative review. The search for primary studies was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, and SCOPUS and the sample consisted of 18 studies, in April 2019, with no time delimitation. RESULTS: The synthesis of the evidences indicated that, of the 18 analyzed articles, 11 showed an increase in the adherence rates to antiretroviral therapy and an increase in CD4, after using text messages. CONCLUSION: Text messages are an important tool for health education and the synthesis of knowledge can help nurses to obtain increasingly substantive adherence rates in relation to antiretroviral therapy.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of university adolescents about syphilis: a cross-sectional study in the Northeast.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze knowledge, attitudes and practices of university adolescents about syphilis. METHODS: Cross-sectional, analytical, census-type study, developed with the universe of adolescents aged 18 and 19 years (n = 598), enrolled in three institutions of higher education in a municipality of Piauí (n = 598), which total 20 courses in the areas of Health Sciences, Applied Social Sciences, Exact and Earth, Engineering and Linguistics, Letters and Art. Data collection occurred from March to May 2019, based on a questionnaire adapted from the Pesquisa de Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas da População Brasileira of 2013 (PCAP - Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in the Brazilian Population), consisting of questions related to sociodemographic variables (gender, family arrangement, father's schooling, mother's schooling, skin color or race, employment, household income), knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the disease, the last three being classified by scores. The variables that presented p ≤ 0.20 in the bivariate analysis, by Pearson's chi-square test, were included in three multivariate logistic models, and the outcomes in each model were knowledge, attitude and practice, respectively; remaining at the end those at the level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Boys have a 39.6% lower chance of having adequate/regular knowledge (ORa = 0.604; 95%CI 0.415-0.878), whereas the highest chances are associated with "living alone, with relatives and friends" (ORa = 4.567; 95%CI 1.417-14.719) and having a very positive/positive attitude (ORa = 6.937; 95%CI 4.562-10.550). Lower chances of an adequate practice are associated with boys (ORa = 0.480; 95%CI 0.301-0.766) and lower father's schooling (ORa = 0.440; 95%CI 0.241-0.806). CONCLUSION: Most participants' knowledge and attitude regarding syphilis were not sufficient to the adoption of an adequate sexual practice for the prevention of the disease, showing the need to investigate other variables that may be implicated in this cognitive incoherence.

[Leprosy-related mortality in the State of Piauí, Brazil: time trends and spatial patterns, 2000-2015]. / Mortalidade relacionada à hanseníase no Estado do Piauí, Brasil: tendências temporais e padrões espaciais, 2000-2015.

The study aimed to analyze spatial patterns and time trends in leprosy-related mortality in the State of Piauí, Brazil, from 2000 to 2015. This was a mixed ecological study with a spatial and temporal state-based approach, using data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. The analysis includes epidemiological characteristics, mortality trends by Joinpoint regression, and spatial analysis, using the state's 224 municipalities (counties) as the geographic unit. Of the 245,413 deaths identified, leprosy was identified in 234 death certificates, 135 (41.7%) as the underlying cause of death and 189 (58.3%) as an associated cause of death. The highest leprosy-related mortality rates were associated with male gender (relative risk - RR = 2.38; 95%CI: 1.87; 3.03), elderly age (RR = 10.52; 95%CI: 7.16; 15.46), brown skin color (RR = 2.22; 95%CI: 1.47; 3.35), and residents of the state's interior (RR = 5.72; 95%CI: 4.54; 7.21). The crude leprosy-related mortality rate showed a significant increase among the elderly (70 years), brown race/color, cities with fewer than 20,000 inhabitants, and the Central region of the state, but not significant for the State of Piauí as a whole. The spatial distribution by age-adjusted mortality was heterogeneous in the municipalities, concentrating high mortality rates in the northern region of the state, close to the coastline. There was a pattern of increasing smoothed mortality rates over the course of the study's four-year periods in the Mid-northern Central and Semiarid regions. Leprosy mortality was spatially heterogeneous and growing over the years. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing integrated surveillance and healthcare activities.

O estudo teve por objetivo analisar padrões espaciais e tendências temporais da mortalidade relacionada à hanseníase no Estado do Piauí, Brasil, de 2000 a 2015. Trata-se de estudo ecológico misto, com abordagem espacial e temporal, de base estadual, a partir de dados do Sistema de Informaçãos sobre Mortalidade. A análise inclui características epidemiológicas, tendências de mortalidade por regressão Joinpoint e análise espacial, usando os 224 municípios como unidade geográfica. Dos 245.413 óbitos identificados, a hanseníase foi identificada em 324 declarações, 135 (41,7%) como causa básica de óbito e 189 (58,3%) como associada. Os maiores coeficientes de mortalidade relacionados à hanseníase foram observados entre homens (risco relativo - RR = 2,38; IC95%: 1,87; 3,03), idosos (RR = 10,52; IC95%: 7,16; 15,46), cor parda (RR = 2,22; IC95%: 1,47; 3,35) e residentes do interior do estado (RR = 5,72; IC95%: 4,54; 7,21). O coeficiente bruto de mortalidade relacionado à hanseníase apresentou incremento significativo entre idosos (70 anos), raça/cor parda, em cidades com menos de 20 mil habitantes e região Meio-norte, mas não significativo para o Estado do Piauí. A distribuição espacial pelos coeficientes de mortalidade ajustada por idade foi heterogênea nos municípios, concentrando altos coeficientes de mortalidade no norte do estado, próximo ao litoral. Verificou-se padrão de aumento dos coeficientes de mortalidade suavizados no decorrer dos quadriênios do estudo, concentrando altos coeficientes nas regiões Meio-norte e Semiárido. A mortalidade por hanseníase é espacialmente heterogênea e crescente ao longo dos anos. Ressalta-se a importância de potencializar ações integradas de vigilância e atenção à saúde.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar patrones espaciales y tendencias temporales de mortalidad, relacionada con la hanseniasis en el Estado de Piauí, Brasil, de 2000 a 2015. Se trata de un estudio ecológico mixto, con un abordaje espacial y temporal, de base estatal, a partir de datos del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad. El análisis incluye características epidemiológicas, tendencias de mortalidad por regresión Joinpoint y análisis espacial, usando 224 municipios como unidad geográfica. De los 245.413 óbitos identificados, la hanseniasis fue identificada en 324 declaraciones, 135 (41,7%) como causa básica de óbito y 189 (58,3%) como asociada. Los mayores coeficientes de mortalidad relacionada con la hanseniasis se observaron entre hombres (riesgo relativo - RR = 2,38; IC95%: 1,87; 3,03), ancianos (RR = 10,52; IC95%: 7,16; 15,46), color pardo (RR = 2,22; IC95%: 1,47; 3,35) y residentes en el interior del estado (RR = 5,72; IC95%: 4,54; 7,21). El coeficiente bruto de mortalidad relacionado con la hanseniasis presentó un incremento significativo entre ancianos (70 años), raza/color pardo, en ciudades con menos de 20.000 habitantes y región Medio-norte, pero no es significativo para el Estado de Piauí. La distribución espacial por los coeficientes de mortalidad ajustada por edad fue heterogénea en los municipios, concentrando altos coeficientes de mortalidad en el norte del estado, cercano al litoral. Se verificó un patrón de aumento de los coeficientes de mortalidad suavizados en el transcurso de los cuatrienios del estudio, concentrando altos coeficientes en las regiones Medio-norte y Semiárida. La mortalidad por hanseniasis es heterogénea espacialmente y creciente a lo largo de los años. Se resalta la importancia de potenciar acciones integradas de vigilancia y atención a la salud.

Primary health care professionals' practice in the face of leprosy: a scoping review / Prácticas de los profesionales de la salud de atención primaria frente a la lepra: revisión del alcance / Práticas dos profissionais de saúde da atenção primária diante da hanseníase: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify Primary Health Care professionals' practice in the face of leprosy. Methods: a scoping review, carried out between November 2022 and January 2023, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by JBI and checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews in six databases and additional literature. Results: the sample consisted of 11 articles, published between 2008 and 2022. The findings were synthesized into three categories: Early diagnosis and timely treatment; Physical disability prevention; and Household and social contact surveillance. Final Considerations: there is a need to align the practices carried out with those recommended by the Brazilian National Program for Leprosy Control and Elimination, as some were not identified in studies, which implies losses to qualified assistance directed to patient demands, with a view to control and elimination of leprosy.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar las prácticas de los profesionales de la salud de Atención Primaria frente a la lepra. Métodos: revisión del alcance, realizada entre noviembre de 2022 y enero de 2023, realizada de acuerdo con el marco metodológico propuesto por JBI y checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews en seis bases de datos y literatura adicional. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 artículos, publicados entre 2008 y 2022. Los hallazgos se resumieron en tres categorías: Diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno; Prevención de discapacidades físicas; y Vigilancia de los contactos domésticos y sociales. Consideraciones Finales: es necesario alinear las prácticas realizadas con las recomendadas por el Programa Nacional para el Control y Eliminación de la Lepra, ya que algunas no fueron identificadas en los estudios, lo que implica pérdidas en la asistencia calificada y dirigida a las demandas del cliente, con una para el control y eliminación de la lepra.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar as práticas dos profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária diante da hanseníase. Métodos: revisão de escopo, realizada entre novembro de 2022 e janeiro de 2023, conduzida de acordo com a estrutura metodológica proposta pelo JBI e checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews em seis bases de dados e literatura adicional. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 11 artigos, publicados entre 2008 e 2022. Os achados foram sintetizados em três categorias: Diagnóstico precoce e tratamento oportuno; Prevenção das incapacidades físicas; e Vigilância dos contatos domiciliares e sociais. Considerações Finais: há a necessidade de alinhamento das práticas realizadas com o preconizado pelo Programa Nacional de Controle e Eliminação da Hanseníase, pois algumas não foram identificadas nos estudos, o que implica prejuízos à assistência qualificada e direcionada às demandas do cliente, com vistas ao controle e eliminação da hanseníase.

[Persistence of leprosy in household social networks: overlapping cases and vulnerability in endemic regions in Brazil]. / Persistência da hanseníase em redes de convívio domiciliar: sobreposição de casos e vulnerabilidade em regiões endêmicas no Brasil.

The study sought to analyze the magnitude of occurrence and the sociodemographic, economic and clinical profiles of leprosy associated with household social networks (HSN), with disease overlap in cities from the states of Bahia, Piauí and Rondônia, Brazil, from 2001 to 2014. This is a cross-sectional study using primary and secondary data regarding new cases of leprosy notified to the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN, in Portuguese) residing in the cities. We applied a standardized instrument to the new cases and reviewed data from charts and from SINAN. Of a total of 1,032 (29.6%) assessed cases, 538 (52.1%) had more than one case in their HSN. There were larger frequencies of female sex (292; 54.3%), age between 41 and 60 years (240; 44.6%), primary education (272; 50.6%), income lower than the minimum wage (265; 49.3%) and living with 5 or more people (265; 49.3%). The overlap of cases in the HSN was associated in the multivariate analysis with residing in cities in the state of Rondônia (PR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.07-1.43; p = 0.003), as well as living with 3 to 4 people in the same household (PR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.11-2.49; p = 0.014) and having leprosy reaction (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 0.99-1.70; p = 0.050). Case repetition within the same HSN is a frequent event in the situations we studied. Its occurrence must be considered as a sentinel indicator of greater epidemiological severity in primary health care surveillance. We highlight the vulnerability of affected families.

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a magnitude da ocorrência e os perfis sociodemográfico, econômico e clínico de casos de hanseníase vinculados à redes de convívio domiciliar (RCD) com sobreposição da doença em municípios dos estados da Bahia, do Piauí e de Rondônia, Brasil, no período de 2001 a 2014. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com dados primários e secundários de casos novos de hanseníase, notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e residentes nos municípios. Foram realizadas a aplicação de instrumento padronizado aos casos novos e a revisão de dados em prontuários e na base do SINAN. De um total de 1.032 (29,6%) casos de hanseníase abordados, 538 (52,1%) tinham mais de um caso em sua RCD. Maior frequência de pessoas do sexo feminino (292; 54,3%), com idade entre 41 a 60 anos (240; 44,6%), ensino fundamental (272; 50,6%), renda menor que um salário mínimo (265; 49,3%) e residindo com cinco pessoas ou mais (265; 49,3%). A ocorrência de sobreposição de casos na RCD foi associada, na análise multivariada, a residir em municípios do Estado de Rondônia (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,07-1,43; p = 0,003), assim como morar com três a quatro pessoas no mesmo domicílio (RP = 1,66; IC95%: 1,11-2,49; p = 0,014) e ter reação hansênica (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 0,99-1,70; p = 0,050). A repetição de casos de hanseníase em uma mesma RCD representa um evento frequente nos cenários abordados. Sua ocorrência deve ser considerada como indicador sentinela de maior gravidade epidemiológica para a vigilância na rede de atenção básica à saúde. Ressalta-se o caráter de vulnerabilidade das famílias acometidas.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la magnitud de la ocurrencia y los perfiles sociodemográficos, económicos y clínicos de casos de lepra, vinculados a las redes de convivencia domiciliaria (RCD), con sobreposición de la enfermedad, en municipios de los estados de Bahía, Piauí y Rondônia, Brasil, durante el período de 2001 a 2014. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con datos primarios y secundarios de casos nuevos de lepra, notificados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Obligada Notificación (SINAN, por su sigla en portugués) y residentes en los municipios. Se procedió a la aplicación de un instrumento estandarizado a los casos nuevos y a la revisión de datos en prontuarios y base de datos del SINAN. De un total de 1.032 (29,6%) casos de lepra abordados, 538 (52,1%) tenían más de un caso en su RCD. Existía una mayor frecuencia de personas del sexo femenino (292; 54,3%), con edades comprendidas entre 41 y 60 años (240; 44,6%), enseñanza fundamental (272; 50,6%), renta menor a un salario mínimo (265; 49,3%) y residiendo con 5 personas o más (265; 49,3%). La ocurrencia de sobreposición de casos en la RCD se asoció en el análisis multivariado a residir en municipios del estado de Rondônia (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,07-1,43; p = 0,003), así como vivir con de 3 a 4 personas en el mismo domicilio (RP = 1,66; IC95%: 1,11-2,49; p = 0,014) y sufrir reacción leprótica (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 0,99-1,70; p = 0,050). La repetición de casos de lepra en una misma RCD representa un evento frecuente en los escenarios abordados. Su ocurrencia debe ser considerada como un indicador centinela de mayor gravedad epidemiológica para la vigilancia en la red de atención básica en la salud. Se resalta el carácter de vulnerabilidad de las familias participantes.

[Analysis of the scientific production on Hepatitis B in post-graduate nursing]. / Análise da produção científica sobre Hepatite B na pós-graduação de enfermagem.

A bibliographic study focusing on Hepatitis B, aiming to identify where the studies are taking place, their nature, type and the emphasis of the studies was undertaken. Research was done through the CEPEn Thesis Bank for the period of 2000 through 2006,using the descriptors: "Hepatitis B" and "Hepatitis B Vaccine". Twenty-one (21) studies were found concentrated in two centers of study: University of São Paulo (47.6%) and Federal University of Goiás (23,8%). The studies were developed as master's(95.2%) and doctorate (4.8%) works, the majority (95,2%) being quantitative in nature. Of the studies found, 61.9% are related to occupational accidentsand 19.0% refer to the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B.